Lỗi viết tiếng Anh của học sinh lớp 10 tại trường THPT Thuận Thành II

Nghiên cứu lỗi viết tiếng Anh của học sinh lớp 10 tại trường THPT Thụy Thanh II, góp phần nâng cao chất lượng giảng dạy và học tập.

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

M.A Minor Thesis

2012

59
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

1. PART ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Rationale for the study

1.2. Objectives of the study

1.3. Scope of study

1.4. Method of the study

1.5. Design of study

2. PART TWO: DEVELOPMENT

2. CHAPTER ONE: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Approaches to teaching writing

2.1.1. Process approach

2.1.2. Product approach

2.1.3. Genre approach

2.2. Major elements of writing

2.2.1. Cohesion

2.2.2. Coherence

2.3. Errors in writing

2.4. Previous studies on error analysis

2.5. Errors vs mistakes

2.6. Types of errors

2.7. Sources of writing errors

2.7.1. Intralingual and developmental factors

2.8. Importance of errors to teaching and learning writing

3. CHAPTER TWO: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Survey questionnaire

3.2. Writing test

3.3. Data collection procedure

3.4. Methods of data analysis

4. CHAPTER THREE: DATA ANALYSIS

4.1. Survey Questionnaire Analysis

4.2. The students‟ attitudes towards learning writing

4.3. Students‟ perceptions of writing tasks in the textbook

4.4. Students‟ attitudes towards the teacher‟s writing lessons

4.5. Errors analysis of students’ writing papers

4.5.1. Errors in language

4.5.2. Grammatical errors

4.5.3. Lexical errors

4.5.4. Errors in organization

5. CHAPTER FOUR: MAJOR FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

5.1. Synthesis of the findings and discussions

5.2. Implications

6. PART THREE: CONCLUSION

6.1. Limitations of the study

6.2. Suggestions for further study

REFERENCES

Appendices

Appendix 1. Questionnaires for students I

Appendix 2. Writing tests III

Appendix 3. Verb-related errors IV

Appendix 4. Preposition-related errors V

Appendix 5. Article-related errors VI

Appendix 6. Pronoun-related errors VII

Appendix 7. Lexical errors VII

Appendix 8. Errors in sentence structures and usage VIII

Appendix 9. The students’ writing papers

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ********************* ĐỖ VĂN LẬP ERRORS MADE BY TENTH GRADERS AT THUAN THANH II HIGH SCHOOL IN THEIR WRITINGS IN ENGLISH NHỮNG LỖI HỌC SINH LỚP 10 TRƯỜNG THUẬN THÀNH II GẶP PHẢI KHI VIẾT BẰNG TIẾNG ANH M.A MINOR THESIS FIELD: ENGLISH TEACHING METHODOLOGY CODE: 601410 Hanoi, 2012 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PART ONE: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale for the study 1 2. Objectives of the study 3 3. Scope of study 3 4. Method of the study 3 5. Design of study 4 PART TWO: DEVELOPMENT 5 CHAPTER ONE: LITERATURE REVIEW 5 I. Approaches to teaching writing 5 I. Major elements of writing 8 I. Errors in writing 10 I. Previous studies on error analysis 10 I. Errors vs mistakes 11 I. Types of errors 11 I. Sources of writing errors 13 I.1 Intralingual and developmental factors 13 I. Importance of errors to teaching and learning writing 15 CHAPTER TWO: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 18 II. Survey questionnaire 18 v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Writing test 19 II. Data collection procedure 19 II. Methods of data analysis 20 CHAPTER THREE: DATA ANALYSIS 21 III. Survey Questionnaire Analysis 21 III. The students‟ attitudes towards learning writing 21 III. Students‟ perceptions of writing tasks in the textbook 24 III. Students‟ attitudes towards the teacher‟s writing lessons 25 III. Errors analysis of students’ writing papers 25 III. Errors in language 26 III. Grammatical errors 26 III. Lexical errors 32 III. Errors in organization 34 CHAPTER FOUR: MAJOR FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 37 IV. Synthesis of the findings and discussions 37 IV. Implications 39 PART THREE: CONCLUSION 41 1. Limitations of the study 41 3. Suggestions for further study 42 REFERENCES 43 Appendices 46 Appendix1: Questionnaires for students I Appendix 2: Writing tests III Appendix 3: Verb- related errors IV Appendix 4: Preposition- related errors V Appendix 5: Article -related errors VI Appendix 6: Pronoun -related errors VII Appendix 7: Lexical errors VII vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Appendix 8: Errors in sentence structures and usage VIII Appendix 9: The students’ writing papers vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com PART ONE: INTRODUCTION This section devotes to five introductory parts: rationale, objectives, scope, method and design of the study. Rationale for the study Basically, language learning involves the proficiency in the four language skills: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. The four skills are divided into receptive skills (listening and reading) and productive skills (speaking and writing). It is undeniable that writing plays an important role in English language learning. As one is aware, language is learned. Consequently, the ability to produce good writing pieces is not an innate skill but has to experience a set of teaching and learning practices. It is possible to regard the writing ability as a type of communicative competence. Writing is to convey messages to readers, but the conveyance of information from the writer to the audience is not always smooth. In other words, writing effectively is not an easy task to master. In principle, language learners must be provided with input data before they produce the results. In the same vein, students‟ learning to write usually stick to accumulate amount of writing knowledge over time such as vocabulary, grammatical structure, writing styles and genres. Learners‟ achievements in writing may be assessed in terms of their self-practice and writing products and many other criteria depending on different learners, situations and requirements. Writing as a skill should not be confused with the act of writing. The skill does not include writing separate sentences simply, but is writing series of sentences which have intended meaning and connections. Therefore, writing will be under learners‟ control as long as they are taught with and learn through comprehensive and effective methods. The importance of writing is undeniable in language teaching and learning. There are a large number of benefits that students can receive from teaching and learning writing. The first one is that learning is an effective way to enhance 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com grammatical constructions, vocabulary, and idioms whereby learners can improve their capacity of producing native-like writing pieces. Secondly, writing means that learners have to engage in using language and making effort to express ideas, which activates learners to explore their own way to write effectively. Thirdly, as writing and thinking have close relationship, writing forms a valuable part of language course (Raimes, 1983). It is certain that there are more reasons for language leaner not to neglect writing no matter how the skill is difficult dry. In order to realize learners‟ proficiency in writing, it is hard to find another more effective way than examine their writing papers. Assessing their writing products can help the teacher measure how far learners travel in their language learning and what remains for them to strive for. Not only writing pieces which have good organization, clear expression of ideas and are free of errors but also those containing full of errors and incoherent ideas provide the teacher with valuable sources of reference for teaching writing. There have been various studies regarding analysis of students‟ writing papers. For instance, Darus (2009) implemented the analysis of English essays written by secondary school students in Malaysia. The researcher finds that learners often make mistakes in grammatical items such as verb tense, preposition, and subject-verb agreement. Mungungu (2010) conducted a study regarding the analysis of papers written by ESL Namibian graders 12. The researcher identifies the four main categories of errors committed by such learners: tense, articles, prepositions and spelling. The results found out by Mungungu are similar to what explored by Azimah (2005) who also pointed out the most common types of mistakes committed by learners are concerned with tense and prepositions. These studies are conducted on different learners and learning environments. As a teacher at a high school, I find that my students are weak at learning writing. Many of them cannot write a paragraph; if some can write, their papers contain many errors. I decide to conduct this study to fulfill the gap in the literature 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com and to explore what stands behind students‟ difficulties and what are their specific errors in their writing pieces. Objectives of the study The study is conducted to explore the problems that the high school students encounter whereby I can deal with such disruptions and find out the effective teaching methods to improve students‟ writing ability. In order to realize the goals, the following research questions need to have their answers: 1. What are the students’ attitudes towards learning writing? 2. What are the types of errors made by the tenth graders in writing an English paragraph? 3. Scope of the study This study is limited to the exploration of students‟ errors in writing short paragraphs because in the English textbook 10, the highest requirement on them is to write a short paragraph. The researcher will classify types of mistakes by the learners and trace the root of their committing such errors. I will analyze grammatical, lexical and mechanical errors. Based on such analysis, I will figure out the solutions for the problems. Method of the study The writer will conduct a research to examine which writing errors tenth graders often make and the causes of such errors. A questionnaire is designed to elicit information of the students‟ attitudes towards learning writing. The questions in the questionnaire are both close and open-ended. Based on the students‟ answers, I will make some statistical data and do the analysis of such data. In addition, students will do a writing test so that I can determine the real writing problems facing the students. The requirement of the test is that learners write two paragraphs of about 100 words. I will collect and analyze errors in these papers. This is intended to be a quantitative and qualitative research study using compositions as a technique of eliciting data for the analysis, statistical counting as 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com measurement of results. The causes of errors will be examined based on criteria suggested by Richards (1971). Design of study There are three main parts in the study. The first one is the introduction, the second is the development and the last one is conclusion. The study starts with an introduction that gives an overview of teaching and learning writing; the reasons why the issue is chosen for research and the way to conduct the research. After introduction, there are four chapters presenting the study in detail as the main part of the research. In chapter one, some of the issues related to writing and errors in writing will be reviewed. Regarding writing, main approaches to teaching writing and components of teaching writing will be reviewed. Some of the main views regarding writing errors such as types, causes and contribution of errors to learning writing will be presented. In chapter two, the method of the study is presented. It includes the thoroughly descriptions of subjects, instrument and data collection. The next chapter presents data analysis and discussions. In this part, questionnaires and writing samples collected from students are analyzed to find out students‟ typical errors and their causes in order to recommend effective strategies for teaching paragraph writing. In the last chapter, major findings will be summarized and some discussions, limitations, and suggestions are also presented. 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com PART TWO: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER ONE: LITERATURE REVIEW In this chapter, some the issues related to teaching and learning writing activities and error analysis will be reviewed briefly. Approaches to teaching writing I. Process approach According to Trible (1996), process approaches lay emphasis on “writing activities which move learners from the generation of ideas and the collection of data through to the „publication‟ of a finished text.” However, the final product should not be the central focus, and the teachers play the role of facilitating students to brainstorming ideas, plan, revise, and edit. Badger and White (2000) supposes that writing in process approaches is mainly concerned with linguistic aspects such as revising, editing, knowledge of grammar, vocabulary and text structure. Kroll (1990) affirms that student writers have to undergo a cyclonical approach during their writing tasks. There are different views on the cyclonical process, for example, Trible (1996) proposes four typical stages that students have to go through, which are: prewriting, composing/drafting, revising, and editing. In this process, student writers may go back to the first stage of prewriting after they revise and edit their papers. According to Steele (2004), there are eight stages for students to experience during their creation of writing pieces.  Brainstorming: Students may discuss to work out as many ideas as possible to meet the requirements of the writing tasks.  Planning/structuring: Students figure out the most appropriate qualities of their ideas.  Mind mapping: Students arrange their ideas into a mind map, which reveals the hierarchical relationship of ideas and helps students to shape the text structure. 5 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com  Writing the first draft: Students produce the first draft based on the ideas they filter and organize. Writing the first draft in the class can be done in pairs or groups.  Peer feedback: Students exchange their drafts with each other, and to some extent they can improve their own writing pieces.  Editing: Students will improve their own drafts based on peer feedback.  Final draft: Students produce the final draft after editing.  Evaluation and teacher feedback: Teachers will assess and provide feedback on students‟ writing papers. As the process approach pays attention to linguistic knowledge and skills, it “promote the development of language use” (Hasan, 2010). In addition, the approach offers students chances to release their potential to deal with rhetorical concerns of writing (Bazerman, 1980).

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