VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Đinh Quang Lượng COMMON ERRORS MADE BY THE 10TH GRADERS IN WRITING ENGLISH PARAGRAPHS AT A HIGH SCHOOL IN HANOI M.A THESIS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE HANOI, 2021 Luan van VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Đinh Quang Lượng COMMON ERRORS MADE BY THE 10TH GRADERS IN WRITING ENGLISH PARAGRAPHS AT A HIGH SCHOOL IN HANOI Field: English LanguageCode: 8. Hoàng Tuyết Minh HANOI, 2021 Luan van DECLARATION BY AUTHOR I hereby certify that the thesis titled: “Common errors made by the 10th graders in writing English paragraphs at a high school in Hanoi” is the result of my own research paper for the Master’s Degree in English Studies at Faculty of Foreign Language, Graduate Academy of Social Science, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts and that this thesis has not been submitted for any degree at any other universities or tertiary situations. Author’s Signature Đinh Quang Lượng i Luan van ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is accomplished after many long working hours, together with the help of numerous people with their attempt, enthusiasm and assistance; and this thesis is earnestly devoted to them. I would like to thank many people for their invaluable help during the time of conducting the research.
First and foremost, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc. Hoàng Tuyết Minh for her critical and timely feedback, her constant understanding and her unfailing encouragement, without all of which I would not have been able to complete this paper. I would like to take this opportunity to express my special thanks to Mr. Đặng Nguyên Giang, Ph.
D, from Faculty of Foreign Languages, Graduate Academy of Social Sciences for his interesting and precious suggestions that encouraged to carry out this study. In addtition, I would love to thank all of the lecturers from the Faculty of Foriegn Language, Graduate Academy of Social Science who have provided me with invaluable sources of knowledge and instructions during my study at this Institute. I also offer my sincerest thanks to the students from 2 grades 10 who have enthusiastically participated in the study. Their participation is greatly important to the completion of the research.
Last but never least, I must express my sincere gratitude to my family and friends whose support has been a great significance to the success of my thesis. ii Luan van TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION BY AUTHOR. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS. vi LIST OF TABLES.
vii LIST OF FIGURES. viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .ix Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION .2 Aims and Objectives of the Study .4 Scope of the Study .5 Significance of the Study .7 Structure of the Study. 6 Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. Writting and paragraph writing.
Definition of writing. Teaching paragraph writing. Definition of errors. The differences between Errors and mistakes.
Causes of errors. Error correction and significance of error correction. Previous studies on error analysis. 25 iii Luan van 2.
Context of the Study. Data collection and procedure. Student writing analysis. 40 Chapter 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION.
Common errors made by 10th grade students at DCHS. Causes of errors made by 10th grade students DCHS. Suggesting some implications for writing teachers. Methods to give feedback.
Techniques for error correction. 73 iv Luan van 5. Limitations and Suggestions for Further Studies. Suggestions for Further Studies.
77 Appendix 1: writing topics, time allowance 45’ .I Appendix 2: Some typical errors collected. II Appendix 3: Samples of students’ writing 1. V Appendix 4: Samples of students’ writing 2. VI Appendix 5: Transcript of the interviews.
VII v Luan van ABSTRACT This paper studies the common written errors in paragraph writing created by tenth-grade students at Dai Cuong high school and the reasons for those errors. To attain the specified aims of the present study, the author combined both qualitative and quantitative methods, besides the two main instruments analyzing students’ writing analysis and private interviews. The subjects who participate in the research are 19 tenth grade students at Dai Cuong high school in Hanoi. Research results reveal that the most popular types of errors that 10th graders commonly commit include: Verb tense errors, Article errors, Prepositions errors, Subject-verb agreement errors, Verb form errors, mostly because of the short vocabulary and problems with understanding primary grammatical rulings in English.
The major causes of these errors are the interference of mother tongue, carelessness, overgeneralization, incomplete application of the rules, and ignorance of rule restriction, in which interference from the first language is the primary cause. vi Luan van LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: The topics, forms of writing periods in the new Tieng Anh 10 .2: Students' general information .3: Error marking symbols .5: Identification of error causes.1: Number of frequency of errors in paragraph writing by types & by groups .2: Frequencies of each error type .3: Number of errors per cause .4: The popularity of each kind of causes to students’ common written error .5: Symbols of error coding .60 vii Luan van LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1: Prequency of errors in paragraph writing by group.2: Frequency of each error type .3: The popularity of each type of causes to students’ common written errors. 53 viii Luan van LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS DCHS: Đại Cường High School EFL: Learning English as a Foreign Language FL: Foreign Language L1: First Language L2: Second Language SVA: Subject-Verb Agreement ix Luan van Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION This chapter is proposed to set out the rationale and the approach in which the author analyzed the issues encountered by the 10th graders in writing skill. Furthermore, the scope, the aims, and the research questions, as well as the research methods and the design of the study are also clearly indicated.
Rationale In terms of globalization, English has played an essential role in modernization, industrialization, integration with the rest of the world. The Vietnamese government has continuously been concerned about the positions of foreign languages as well as English during the renovation process. As a result, most learners are encouraged to learn English to get access to information and better interactions. In the modern world, the proficiency of using English is an empowering tool, which increases access for professionals to information, technology, and professional development.
Moreover, the English language has rapidly become the most popular foreign language among Vietnamese people, especially from primary school to university. English is considered a beneficial instrument, an effective tool for English- major students and non - English majored ones. Writing skill itself, a productive one, plays a crucial role in learning English. Proficient writing ability in a second language enhances students‟ logical thinking, thus facilitating students in meeting the requirements of almost every profession.
Nevertheless, attaining proficiency in writing has long been a challenge consuming much energy and practice for all second language learners. 1 Luan van Teaching and learning a foreign language aim at providing the learners with means of communication. To acquire the communicative competence, four language skills including reading, speaking, listening and writing are taught regularly at schools and universities, among which writing skill is the most important one because it helps learners to learn other skills better. "First, writing reinforces the grammatical structures, idioms, and vocabulary that we have been teaching our students.
Second, when they write, they have a chance to be adventurous with the language to go beyond what they have just learned to say, to take risks. Third, when students write, they necessarily become very involved with the new language; the effort to express ideas and constant use of eye, hand and brain is the unique way of expressing their idea. They discover a real need for finding the right word and the right sentence. Due to the importance of writing skills, it is part of the English syllabus at high school.
However, from the writer’s teaching experience at Đại Cường High School (DCHS), not enough attention has been paid to the teaching and learning of writing skills at high school. Writing is both dismal and neglected: many students never get a writing assignment, and many writing exercises in the textbook are abandoned. Besides that, teachers are also afraid of teaching writing skills. They think that teaching writing is really a challenge.
While ignorance of writing skills at high school has resulted in students’ poor writing skills: they have a lot of mistakes and many of them are unable to write an understandable paragraph. The most serious problems that the writer has identified from her experience in teaching paragraph writing to students are grammatical errors, vocabulary. For example, students often use wrong verb tenses in a paragraph, they confuse the meaning of the words or they are unable to create coherence in the paragraph by linking words. Therefore, the 2 Luan van researcher would like to do this research to find out common errors in writing paragraphs of 10th form students and suggests some solutions in order to help them avoid these errors and improve their paragraph writing.
Writing skill is considered most difficult skill to be acquired. A proficient writing ability in second language enhances students' logical way of thinking, thus facilitating students in meeting the requirements of almost every profession. However, to attain the proficiency in writing has long been a challenge consuming much energy and practice for almost second language learners. In effect, many Vietnamese teachers and researchers have been seeking new and effective methods to improve their teaching with the hope of predicting and preventing errors before they appear.
Nonetheless, they pay much more concern to why Vietnamese learners commit errors and how to prevent or reduce these errors. Nowadays, there are many private high schools opened in Viet Nam and the real quality of students in these schools raised a big question to both educators and the Government. As a teacher at DCHS, the author recognizes grade 10th students' weaknesses in using English, especially in writing skill. One of the most challenging tasks facing both the Learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners and teachers is to find out common mistakes and their causes in order to avoid possible mistakes or errors in writing.
To find effective solutions to the above problem, the author has decided to do the research on: “Common errors made by the 10th graders in writing English paragraphs at a high school in Hanoi” for M. It is hopeful that the outcomes of this research will be really meaningful for not only teachers but also students in teaching as well as learning writing skill in particular and in improving their writing capability. Aims and objectives of the Study This study is aimed at helping Vietnamese students to improve their English writing skill. In addition, the research’s results partly assist teachers and students define the students' common errors and adjust their methods of teaching and learning this skill basing on the errors' causes.
In order to achieve the goals, the following objectives are sought: - To explore the types of written errors often committed by the 10th grade students at DCHS in writing English paragraphs. - To find out possible causes of common errors made by 10th grade students in writing English paragraphs at DCHS. - To recommend some effective ways of overcoming such errors in students’ writing papers. Research Questions For the objectives of the study, the following research questions are addressed: - What are the common types of errors made by the 10th grade students in writing English paragraphs at DCHS? - What are the causes of the common types of errors committed by the 10th grade students in writing English paragraphs? 1.
Scope of the Study Due to the limited time and the restricted scope of study of an M.A thesis, the study mainly focuses on identifying several common groups of written errors and causes committed by the 10th graders at DCHS.