MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HUE UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES ------------ CAO HOANG NGUYET THANH A STUDY ON THE USE OF CODE-SWITCHING BY STUDENTS IN VOCATIONAL ENGLISH CLASSES FOR CULINARY ARTS AT HUE TOURISM COLLEGE MA THESIS IN THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Hue University of Foreign Languages HUE, 2016 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HUE UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES ------------ CAO HOANG NGUYET THANH A STUDY ON THE USE OF CODE-SWITCHING BY STUDENTS IN VOCATIONAL ENGLISH CLASSES FOR CULINARY ARTS AT HUE TOURISM COLLEGE MA THESIS IN THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING CODE: 60. LE PHAM HOAI HUONG HUE, 2016 i BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ ------------ CAO HOÀNG NGUYỆT THANH NGHIÊN CỨU VIỆC SỬ DỤNG CHUYỂN NGỮ CỦA SINH VIÊN TRONG CÁC LỚP HỌC TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH DÀNH CHO NGHỀ KỸ THUẬT CHẾ BIẾN MÓN ĂN TẠI TRƢỜNG CAO ĐẲNG NGHỀ DU LỊCH HUẾ LUẬN VĂN THẠC SỸ LÝ LUẬN VÀ PHƢƠNG PHÁP DẠY HỌC BỘ MÔN TIẾNG ANH MÃ SỐ: 60.11 NGƢỜI HƢỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: PGS. LÊ PHẠM HOÀI HƢƠNG HUẾ, 2016 ii STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY This work has not previously been submitted for a degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the thesis itself.
Date: 01 / 7 / 2016 Signature Cao Hoang Nguyet Thanh iii ABSTRACT This thesis studied the use of code-switching by students in vocational English classes for culinary art at Hue Tourism College (HUETC). It firstly focused on investigating students‟ perceptions and attitudes towards code- switching in learning vocational English for culinary arts. Secondly, the way how students used code-switching in learning vocational English for culinary art was carried out. Finally the benefits of code-switching for students learning vocational English for culinary arts were investigated.
This study took place at HUETC under the main management of Ministry of Sports, Culture and Tourism. The participants included students whose majors are culinary art and vocational English was a compulsory subject for two semesters. Data collection methods consisted of audio-recordings, questionnaires and interviews. The findings revealed that a majority of culinary art students perceived the important role and the necessity of code-switching in learning vocational English.
Students reported that they often code-switched with their vocational English teachers the most in communication activities. Among three main types of code-switching, intersentential switching and intrasentential switching are their first choices because of their popularity and students‟ language proficiency. Among many aspects of vocational English for culinary art students, explaining dishes, Asian and international dishes were the most popular aspects that students often code-switched. Regarding the benefits of code-switching, they assumed that code-switching help students less afraid of vocational English, less isolated in the classes and also love vocational English for culinary arts much more.
Based on the findings, some pedagogical implications on students, teachers and Hue Tourism College were made with regards to the use of code-switching in vocational English classes. iv Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my profound gratitude towards Mr. Vu Hoai Phuong – Rector of Hue Tourism College, College Management Board, Human Resources Department and many other Departments, my colleagues and my students for facilitating me to fullfil my M.A courses and thesis at Hue University of Foreign Languages. Especially, I would like to say the most sincere thanks to my supervisor Ms.
Le Pham Hoai Huong, Assoc.Dr who devoted valuable time to examine my thesis, support me with many precise comments, feedback and suggestions and encourage me at every stage of carrying out this thesis. My thesis would not be completed without her guidance. Nextly, my special thanks go to counter-arguers who have read my thesis and gave me highly critical and constructive ideas as well as provided me with a great deal of comments and suggestions to improve this thesis. Furthermore, I am really grateful to all teachers teaching M.A course and my classmates in this course as well for their teaching, advice, assistance and recommendations during the time I have studied at Hue University of Foreign Languages.
Finally, I would like to send my thankful words to my family, and my friends for supporting me with care, with encouragement and understanding. Without their v assistance, it is obviously difficult for myself to finish my thesis on time. Cao Hoang Nguyet Thanh TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page(s) SUBCOVER PAGES. i STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY.
xi LIST OF TABLES. xii LIST OF FIGURES. The structure of the research. The definition of code-switching.
Code-switching in compensatory strategies. Code-switching in the relalionship with code-matching, borrowing, and pidginization. Types of code-switching. Characteristics of code-switching.
The functions of code-switching. The use of code-switching in vocational English classes. Code-switching in communication skill in vocational English classes .2 Activities for code-switching in vocational English classrooms .3 Question and answer activity. Code-switching in English for vocational purposes.
Teaching and learning vocational English for culinary art students at Hue Tourism College. The definition of culinary art. Characteristics of culinary art students at Hue Tourism College. National curriculum for vocational English for culinary art students at Hue Tourism College.
Vocational English curriculum at Hue Tourism College. English Language proficiency of students at Hue Tourism College. Teachers of vocational English at Hue Tourism College. Content teachers teaching vocational English at Hue Tourism College.
Previous studies related to this research. Data collection instruments. Audio-recording in vocational English classes. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION.
Students‟ perceptions and attitudes towards code-switching in learning vocational English for culinary arts .1 The impacts when teachers‟ use of English only (the use of ONLY–ENGLISH policy) in vocational English classes. Students‟ perceptions on the use of compensatory strategies. Frequency of using code-switching in vocational English classes. Factors influencing culinary art students‟ choice of using code-switching.5 Purposes of code–switching by students in vocational English classes.
How culinary art students use code-switching in vocational English classes. The use of code-switching types between first semester and second semester students in vocational English classes. The most useful types of code-switching for vocational English learning. Aspects of vocational English in which culinary art students use code-switching.
The skills in which students often code-switch. People whom students often code-switch in vocational English classes with. The use of code-switching helps students in learning vocational English for culinary art. The necessity of using code-switching in vocational English classes.
Disadvantages of using code-switching. Students‟ perceptions of teachers‟ use of code-switching. Teachers‟ use of code-switching in vocational English classes for culinary art students. Benefits by using code-switching in learning vocational English.
CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS, LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES. Summary of key findings. Students‟ perceptions and attitudes towards code-switching in learning vocational English for culinary art. The way how students use code-switching in learning vocational English for culinary art.
How code-switching helps students in learning vocational English for culinary art. Implications for students. Implications for teachers. Implications for Hue Tourism College (HUETC).
Contribution of this study. Limitations of this study. Suggestions for further studies. 92 ix APPENDICES x ABBREVIATIONS CS : Code-switching HUETC : Hue Tourism College EFL : English as a Forein Language % : Percentage HUFL : Hue University of Foreign Languages L1 : First language L2 : Second language xi LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Impacts of teachers‟ use of English only (the use of ONLY- ENGLISH POLICY) in vocational English classes .2: Students‟ perceptions of compensatory strategies .3: Factors influencing culinary art students‟ choice of using code- switching .4: Purposes of code-switching by students in vocational English classes .5: Code-switching‟s types that first semester and second semester students often use in the vocational English classes .6: The most useful code-switching types in vocational English learning .7: Aspects of vocational English in which culinary art students often use code-switching.8: The skills in which students often code-switch .9: Disadvantages of using code-switching .10: Students‟ perceptions of teachers‟ use of code-switching .11: Benefits of using code-switching in learning vocational English.
79 xii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Reasons for code-switching (Aranoff and Miller, 2003, p.1: Frequency of using code-switching in vocational English classes .2: People whom students often code-switch in vocational English classes with .3: The necessity of using code-switching .4: Teachers‟ use code-switching in vocational English classes. 77 xiii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart” Nelson Mandela The innovation towards the foreign language education is obviously considered as one of the most outstanding issues for the development of second language acquisition nowadays.
Identifying the methodology on how to foster the language ability, communication competence, and many other linguistic aspects of learners are becoming the outstanding matters. From the statement of President Nelson Mandela above, we can realize that finding a good way to transfer the language knowledge towards learners definitely plays an important role. In particular, the code of language between teachers and students in second language acquisition evokes an important aspect of language learning and teaching a foreign language. The shift to the native language reveals the solution of speakers to overcome the linguistic difficulties face towards the target language.
According to Nguyen (2013), code-switching is potentially taken place in any foreign language classrooms around the world where teachers are teaching a foreign language (FL) or a second language (SL). Basically, foreign language learning environment is full of language strategies as well as communication strategy such as avoidance, translation, interference, miming, and many others. However, one of these vital strategies students prefer to use despite the compulsory of one language policy with a lot of barriers and “fall behind academically while they are developing the language proficiency to learn academics in their second language”, that is the use of code-switching as a linguistic base for learning. Secondly, according to the World Atlas of Language Structure (2014), there are nearly seven thousand languages spoken throughout the world and more 1 than half of the worlds‟ population is estimated to be bilingual and to be engaged in code-switching.
Due to such statistics, it becomes obvious that nowadays the alternation between two languages is rather the norm than exception in many communities. Code-switching gradually maximizes its importance in language learning. According to Brown (2007), most foreign language learners engage in code-switching - the act of inserting words, phrases, or even longer stretches of one language into the other - especially when communicating with other speakers. In the past years, code-switching is slightly restricted, if not banned, in most second language classes because of the fact that the widespread of native language will incidentally limit the language proficiency of students as well as the language approach tendency.
However, through many reliable studies recently, we can see that the effect of the native language on the second language acquisition or the use of L1 is considerable. Using a framework based on conversation analysis, Auer (1984, 1995, 1998) found that students code-switch not only as a fallback method when their knowledge of the L2 fails them, or for other participant-related functions, but also for discourse-related functions that contextualize the interactional meaning of their utterances. Actually, through the use of code-switching patterns, students contribute to share the understanding in their knowledge, ideas, interaction and set themselves as members of that community (Wendy, 1998). Thirdly, the use of native language by code-switching day by day receives the agreement from many reliable researchers concerning the second language acquisition in the world.