ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ TS. TRẦN THỊ THẢO PHƯƠNG THỰC HÀNH BIÊN DỊCH CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1 (Tài liệu học tập dành cho Sinh viên Tiếng Anh) HUẾ, 2021 SPECIALISZED TRANSLATION PRACTICE 1 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS. 5 SESSION 1: Introduction to the Course. What is translation? .1 Key definitions from translation experts and theorists.
Definitions of translation under Vietnamese translators’ eye: .4 Questions for discussion. Why Is Translation So Important?. What is specialised translation?. Specialised translation and specialised text .2 Semi-specialized texts .4 Some uses of "specialized translation" and its synonyms.
Major challenges in specialised translation. Questions for discussion .2 Some most common issues. Skills to succeed as a professional translator .1 Why translation is a skill?. What skills do a professional translator need?.
15 SESSION 2: STEPS AND TECHNIQUES IN TRANSLATION. Steps in translation (adapted from Alireza Ghadi, 2010). 16 STEP 1: BROWSING THROUGH THE TEXT. 16 STEP 2: THE ANALYSIS OF A TEXT.
16 STEP 3: IDENTIFY NEW WORDS OR PHRASE THAT DIFFICULT TO TRANSLATE. 17 STEP 4: IDENTIFY SENTENCE STRUCTURES (GRAMMATICAL PATTERNS). 17 STEP 5: PRELIMINARY TRANSLATION. 17 SPECIALISZED TRANSLATION PRACTICE 1 2 STEP 6: SECOND TRANSLATION.
17 STEP 7: CHECKING THE FIRST DRAFT. 17 STEP 8: SEEK FOR COMMENTS AND FEEDBACK. 17 STEP 9: RECHECK, POLISH YOUR TRANSLATION. Qualities of an ideal translation (ABC).
Newmark’s translation techniques. 22 SESSION 3: TEXT TYPES IN TRANSLATION. Questions for discussion. Text types and translation strategies.
26 SESSION 4: DEVELOPING VOCABULARY IN TRANSLATION. Creating a translation glossary. What is a translation glossary? .2 What are the benefits of using a translation glossary?. An example of a simple glossary.
What to include in your translation glossary?. 29 (1) Your key terms. 29 (3) Preferred translations of terms. 30 SESSION 5: CONVENTIONS OF NAMES AND TITLES OF ORGANIZATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS IN AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT.
33 SPECIALISZED TRANSLATION PRACTICE 1 3 SESSION 6: TRANSLATION PRACTICE: BROCHURES/ LEAFLETS. 35 SESSION 7: REVIEW AND PRACTICE. Questions for review. 40 SESSION 8: PROGRESS TEST.
41 SESSION 9: TRANSLATION PRACTICE: SHORT NEWS. 43 SESSION 10: TRANSLATION PRACTICE: GUIDELINES/ MANUALS. 47 SESSION 11: TRANSLATION PRACTICE: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS. 50 SESSION 12: TRANSLATION PRACTICE: LEGAL DOCUMENTS.
53 SESSION 13: TRANSLATION PRACTICE: ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRIES. 55 SESSION 14: EXTRA-CURRICULUM ACTIVITIES. 56 SESSION 15: REVIEW AND FEEDBACK. 57 SPECIALISZED TRANSLATION PRACTICE 1 4 GENERAL INTRODUCTION this work is designed and has been compiled for use as a course material of Specialized translation 1: Agriculture and rural development for EFL students at the Faculty of English, Hue University, University Of Foreign Languages.
it includes 15 sessions and are presented following a combination of theme- and task-based approaches to realizing the expected learning outcomes among the students of the course. The main objective of this course is to provide English majors specialising in translation with the basic knowledge and skills in translating various specialised texts related to Agriculture and Rural development topic. SPECIALISZED TRANSLATION PRACTICE 1 5 SESSION 1: Introduction to the Course By the end of the session, students will be able to: - understand and remember some key definitions of translation - identify the differences between a general document and a specialised document - understand major challenges in specialised translation and skills to be successful as a professional translator - be initially familiarized themselves with specialised translation through translating a semi-specialised text 1. What is translation? 1.1 Key definitions from translation experts and theorists According to Bell (1998): (1) Translation is the expression in another language (target language) of what has been expressed in one language (source language), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalencies.
(2) Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language In the “Dictionary of Translation Studies” (1997, p. 1981), Shuttleworth and Cowie emphasizes: “ Translation. An incredibly broad notion which can be understood in many different ways. For example, one may talk of a translation as a process or a product, and identify such subtypes as literary translation, technical translation, subtitling and machine translation; moreover, while more typically it just refers to the transfer of written texts, the term sometimes also includes interpreting.” According to Brislin (1976, p.1) translation is a general term referring to the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language to another, whether the language is in written or oral form, whether the languages have established orthographies or not; or whether one or both languages is based on signs, as with signs of the deaf.
Another expert, Wilss (1982, p.3), states that translation is a transfer process which aims at the transformation of a written source language text (SLT) into an optimally equivalent target language text (TLT), and which requires the syntactic, the semantic, and the pragmatic understanding and analytical processing of the source text. Syntactic understanding is related to style and meaning. Understanding of semantics is meaning related activity. Finally, pragmatic understanding is related to the message or implication of a sentence.
This definition does not states what is transferred. Rather, it states the requirement of the process. Nida and Taber (1982, p.12) see translating as a process of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language SPECIALISZED TRANSLATION PRACTICE 1 6 message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. In other words, translation is a transfer of meaning, message, and style from one SLT to the TLT.
In the order of priority, style is put the last. Here the things to reproduce (transfer) is stated, message.27) defines the act of translating very briefly. It is the act of transferring meaning of a stretch or a unit of language, the whole or a part, from one language to another. Definitions of translation under Vietnamese translators’ eye: Dịch là một hoạt động bao hàm hiểu ý nghĩa của một văn bản và tạo một văn bản mới, tương đương trong một ngôn ngữ khác- gọi là ngôn ngữ đích (target language), hay bản dịch.
(Wikipedia) Hoạt động hay tiến trình chuyển tải, từ một ngôn ngữ này đến một ngôn ngữ khác. (Wikipedia) Biên dịch (translation) là việc chuyển đạt lời lẽ, ý tưởng của một bản văn (text) từ ngôn ngữ này sang ngôn ngữ khác bằng lời lẽ, ý tưởng tương đương dưới hình thức chữ viết. Ở Việt Nam hiện giờ, người ta gọi hiện tượng này là biên dịch, còn phiên dịch thì nay lại được dùng để chỉ công việc thông dịch, thông ngôn, hay nôm na là dịch nói (interpreting). Trong thuật ngữ phiên dịch, bản văn có thể hiểu là có hình thức của một từ (word), một đoản ngữ (phrase), một câu (sentence), một cú đoạn (paragraph), một đoạn văn (passage), hay cả một cuốn sách (book).
Danh từ chuyên môn gọi ngôn ngữ đem chuyển ngữ là ngôn ngữ gốc hay ngôn ngữ nguồn (source language) và ngôn ngữ được chuyển ngữ là ngôn ngữ ngọn hay ngôn ngữ đích (target language). Nói khác đi, nếu ta phiên dịch từ tiếng Anh sang tiếng Việt, thì tiếng Anh là ngôn ngữ gốc (ngôn ngữ nguồn) còn tiếng Việt là ngôn ngữ ngọn (ngôn ngữ đích), và ngược lại. Nói đến biên/phiên dịch là nói đến ngôn ngữ. Nếu ngôn ngữ chỉ là mớ danh pháp, tên đặt cho toàn bộ những ý niệm chung trong vũ trụ, đâu cũng như đâu, thì việc phiên dịch từ ngôn ngữ này sang ngôn ngữ khác chắc sẽ dễ dàng, giản dị, không có gì đáng nói.
Trong trường hợp dịch từ Anh sang Việt chẳng hạn, ta chỉ việc thay thế tên tiếng Anh dùng chỉ một ý niệm nào đó bằng một tên tiếng Việt tương đương có sẵn dùng chỉ ý niệm đó là xong. Thí dụ "table" là "cái bàn", "book" là "quyểnsách'", "woman" là "đàn bà", v.v… Nhưng thực tế không phải là như vậy, người ta đã khám phá ra vô số bằng chứng cho thấy rằng mỗi ngôn ngữ diễn tả, tổ chức thực thể vũ trụ một SPECIALISZED TRANSLATION PRACTICE 1 7 cách, mỗi cộng đồng ngôn ngữ chia cắt kinh nghiệm, mổ xẻ thế giới theo nhãn quan cuả những người nói ngôn ngữ đó. Dưới đây là một vài thí dụ điển hình cho thấy ngôn ngữ đã phản ảnh thế giới quan của người nói tiếng bản ngữ ra sao và ảnh hưởng cuả nó đối với nghệ thuật phiên dịch thế nào.3 Summary → In general, translation can be understood as: ✓ a process by which a spoken or written utterance takes place in one language which is intended or presumed to convey the same meaning as a previously existing utterance in another language (Rabin, 1958) ✓ the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language (source) to another (target), whether the languages are in written or oral form. or whether one or both languages are based on signs (Brislin, 1976) ✓ a situation-related and function-oriented complex series of acts for the production of a target text, intended for addressees in another culture/language, on the basis of a given source text (Salevsky, 1993) ✓ Any utterance which is presented or regarded as a ‘translation’ within a culture, on no matter what grounds (Toury, 1995).
(quoted in Pöchhacker, Franz. Introducing Interpreting Studies, 2004: 11-12) Key terms to remember Translating: the process ( to translate; the activity rather than the tangible object); •A translation: the product of the process of translating (i. the translated text); •Translation: the abstract concept which encompasses both the process of translation and the product of that process. SPECIALISZED TRANSLATION PRACTICE 1 8 1.4 Questions for discussion In pairs, try to complete this sentence: A good translation is….
For example: A good translation • is characterized by a. and formality • must fulfill the function required by the text in (SL) • must consider to whom the translation is meant for. Why Is Translation So Important? Only about 10% of people in the world speak English. There exists a large opportunity to reach out to markets other than the English-speaking ones, with the help of translation services.
SPECIALISZED TRANSLATION PRACTICE 1 9 Internet adoption around the world is increasing; people are transacting over the net much more than they did before. Hence, it is important to translate your web content into other languages. Many developing markets, such as China, Brazil, Mexico, etc., have little business communication in English. People in such countries continue to communicate in their own language.
Translation helps in cutting across language barriers and interacting with people in such countries. Literary texts, books, and novels need to be translated into various languages so that they can be read by people in other countries. What is specialised translation? 2. Specialised translation and specialised text Specialized translation is a term and concept used in the translation business and in translation schools.
A text to be translated is specialized if translating it calls for knowledge in some field that would not normally be part of a translator's or translation student's general knowledge. Specialized texts are produced by technical or specialist writers, or more specifically, texts which relate to technological subject areas or texts which deal with the practical application of very specialized information. All in all, translating specialized texts requires a high level of subject knowledge and mastery of the relevant terminology and writing conventions. Generally, there are some features that characterize specialized texts as the followings: Specialized texts: ✓ often contain bullets, and numbered items.
✓ often contain short sentences. ✓ contain no humor.