VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES wlles NGUYEN THI THANH HONG USING CREATIVE ACTIVITIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH GRAMMAR TO ENHANCE 9'" GRADE STUDENTS’ GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE: AN ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT AT A LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL IN HAI PHONG nâng cao năng lực ngữ pháp cho học sinh lớp 9: Dự án nghiên cứu hành động tại một trường THCS ở Hải Phòng ” MA. MINOR THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 8140231.01 Ha Noi, 2024 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES wlles NGUYEN THI THANH HONG USING CREATIVE ACTIVITIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH GRAMMAR TO ENHANCE 9'" GRADE STUDENTS’ GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE: AN ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT AT A LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL IN HAI PHONG năng lực ngữ pháp cho học sinh lớp 9: Dự an nghiên cứu hành động tại một trường THCS ở Hải Phòng ” MA.MINOR THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 8140231. HOANG VAN VAN Ha Noi, 2024 DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I certify that the minor thesis entitled “Using Creative Activities in Teaching English Grammar to Enhance 9° grade Students’ Grammatical Competence: An Action Research Project at a Lower Secondary School in Hai Phong” is the result of my work and has not been submitted in any form for another degree or diploma at any universities or other institutions. I am fully aware that should this declaration be found to be dishonest, disciplinary action and penalties by University policies and rules can be imposed.
Hanoi, 2024 The researcher Nguyen Thi Thanh Hong Approved by SUPERVISOR (Signature and full name) Prof. Hoang Van Van Date:. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Hoang Van Van for his invaluable guidance and support throughout this research project. His expertise in this field and his unwavering commitment to excellence were instrumental in shaping and guiding my research, and I am grateful for the opportunity to have worked under their supervision.
Throughout this project, Prof. Hoang Van Van provided insightful feedback and guidance that helped me refine my research questions, analyze my data, and present my findings clearly and compellingly. His willingness to take the time to discuss my ideas, answer my questions, and provide constructive criticism was truly invaluable. In addition to his support and guidance, Prof.
Hoang Van Van provided me with many opportunities to learn and grow as a researcher. They encouraged me to attend conferences, workshops, and seminars where I could network with other scholars, learn about the latest research in my field, and develop my skills as a researcher. I am also grateful to Dr Huynh Anh Tuan, Head of the Faculty, and faculty members for their invaluable feedback and support. Their expertise in the English Language and their constructive criticism were instrumental in helping me to refine my arguments and improve the quality of my writing.
Finally, I would like to acknowledge the many friends and family members who provided me with emotional support and encouragement throughout this project. Their love, kindness, and understanding helped me to stay motivated and focused during the ups and downs of this process. 1 ABSTRACT English has gained worldwide popularity during the past few years. People learn English at different ages and for different reasons in various nations.
Vietnamese youth, particularly students, are interested in learning English for a variety of reasons, including attending reputable universities or studying abroad. Grammar appears to be challenging and monotonous to students when studying languages in general and English in particular. Students believe that the rules of English grammar are complex, challenging, and varied. Additionally, a lot of teachers took teaching grammar seriously in the past, which made the lessons dry and uninspiring.
As a result, during grammar sessions, pupils typically feel worn out and bored, which demotivates them. The more we understand how language functions, the more we can keep an eye on the effectiveness and meaning of the language we and others use. It can promote accuracy, identify ambiguity, and take advantage of the variety of expressions accessible in English. Most English language teachers provide students with considerable language support, particularly in the acquisition of academic literacy.
It is a fact that during the discussion of grammar lessons, learners are not really participative but when teachers give their students different grammar activities learners are more active. The study aimed to assess the grammatical competence and learning styles of 9” grade students using creative language learning activities that matched students’ learning styles. Further, this study intended to determine whether these activities improve the students" grammatical competence. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP.- HH HH HH gu TH HH il ,.
vii LIST OF EIGURES.- Án HH TH nh ng tr Vili LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.- HH Hy Vili CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. Rationale for the Study .- -- c3 1E 21011311 3 11 E911 19111 1 ng ng re 1 1. Aims and objectives of the Study. Scope Of the SEUỦY.
Method of the study. Ăn nh ng ng tr 3 1. Significance of the StUdY 1. 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEẨW.
HH HH hệ, 5 2. Definitions Of grammMal. s5 + 1 E811 E93 E911 11 E91 vn ng rry 5 2. Definition Of COImD€f€TCC.- 5G E119 E91 vn ng ng nưy 5 2.
Grammatical cOmp€f€IC€.-- ¿- «1x TH nh ng tư rưệt 6 2. Assessing grammatical COMpeteNCe. Brief overview of grammar teaching approaches. The traditional method: Grammar-translation method .2 The role of grammar in language teaching.
Review of the previous Studies .- --- G11 HH ng rưy 15 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY. ng ngư, 18 iv 3. Restatement of research qU€SfIOTS .-- - - << 1111 HH HH ng 18 3. Definition of an action r€S€arCHh.
Principles of an action r€S€arCH. Models of action research. Procedures Of the S{UY. - -G G 11v HnH ng nngh ng nưy 21 3.
Context Of the Study. Gv ng hnH HH 28 3. Data collection 11SITUIT€TIES. Pre-test and DOS{-f€SẮ.- - c1 HT TH ng HH ng net 29 3.
Data collection pFOC€(UTCS. - -- 6 6 11119 9 11v ng ng ng cưy 32 3. Data analysis methods: data analysis quantitative methods. 34 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION.
Data analysis of pre-QU€SfIO'T4ITG. Data analysis of pre-test and post-test. Data analysis of the questionnaire for the studenfs. Q9 HT HH nh Ti 55 4.
The effectiveness of adopting CLA in grammar teaching for 9" students at a lower secondary school in Hai Phong. The attitude of students while learning English grammar through CLA 56 4.- Q LH, 58 bì SN vì 0ï on ae .- - «+ + St E9 911 11 91 vn ng 59 5. Limitations of the Study .c- - c1 E 913 11 91 9 vn ng rệt 61 5. Suggestions for further Study .----- c3 3x1 ng ngư 61 REFERENCES.
-- 2-55 2< SE 2E E1 211 2121101112111 211 1 11 cerrrrei 62 APPENDICES.usccssesssesssssessssssesssesscssessesssessecssessssssesssessesssessesssesseesseess I APPENDIX 2: QUESTIONNAIRES .scsssessssssesssessesssessesssessesssessessseeseeeses VII APPENDIX 3: A SAMPLE DESCRIPTION OF A LESSON. XIV APPENDIX 4: PHIẾU DONG THUAN THAM GIA NGHIÊN CỨU. XXI APPENDIX 5: PHIẾU DONG THUẬN THAM GIA NGHIÊN CỨU.XXII vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Sample of Activity Í. 2G ng H nHnnưưn 12 Table 2.10 Units in Tieng Anh 9 textbOOKS.- 55c 5 5xx *sskssesseeese 28 Table 1: The results of pre-test and post —test of cycle Ï.---- 44 Table 2: The results of pre-test and post test of cycle 2.‹«-«« 46 Table 3: The pre-test mean scoress of cycle 1 and cycle 2.- -‹ 47 Table 4: Tests of normality for cycle 1.
cee eeeceeseeeseceneceseeeseeceaeeeseeeeeeeeneees 50 Table 5: Tests of normality for Cycle 2. cee eeecceeseeeseceteceseeeeeeceaeeeeeeseeeeaeees 51 Table 6: The Significant difference of the pretest and posttest mean scores of CyCle 1 and Cycle 2 eee ceseeesseessecsseeesseesseceseseeceseessseeseceeeeseeesaeeseesaeeeaes 52 Table 7: The percentage of students shared their attitudes on learning English grammar With CLA uo. eee eeeecsseessecsseeesceesseceseeeseceeecsaecsseesaeeeseeeaeesaeeeaeeeaes 53 VI LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The Two-Cycles Kemmis Classroom Action Research Spiral Model ©0102) 001. 21 Figure 1: Student's goals for learning øraImmaï.- --s- -« «5s s++s£+++ 36 Figure 2: The students' general attitudes towards learning English.
37 Figure 3: The student's understanding level after learning new grammar.38 Figure 4: Student's attitudes towards current approach .-- --««--«« 39 Figure 5: The approaches used by the teacher in cÏaSS.-- --««+-«« 40 Figure 6: Methods usually applied to explain a new grammatical structure. 41 Figure 7: The difficulties while the students practice grammar. 42 Figure 8: The shortcomings of grammar teaching by the current teacher from StUCENES' 21221. 43 Figure 9: The pre-test mean scores Of 2 CVCÏ€S.- -- + x£+vx+seesee 47 Figure 10: The post-test mean scores Of 2 CYCIES .-- -- «+ +<++++s++++ 48 Figure 11: The pre-test and post-test mean scoress of cycle l.
48 Figure 12: The pre-test and post-test mean scoress of cycle 2. 49 Figure 13: The overall mean scores Of cycle 2.------«c++<x+sseexszeers 50 Figure 14: The percentage of students who shared their positive attitudes on learning English grammar with CLA (Agree & strongly agree). 54 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CLA Creative language activities CLT Communicative language teaching viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the overview of the study including rationale, research aims and objectives, research questions, scope, significance, methods, and organization of the thesis. Rationale for the study Teaching and learning grammar has been regarded as crucial to the ability to use a language.
In other words, grammar gains prominence in language teaching, as much as without a good knowledge of grammar, learners’ language development will be severely constrained. One of the challenges that every language teacher faces is developing language competence among their learners so that they can use the language correctly and appropriately in a variety of social contexts. Grammatical competence is one of the four areas of the communicative competence theory put forward by Canale and Swain (Gao, 2001). Grammatical competence focuses on command of the language code, including such things as the rules of the word and sentence formation, meanings, spelling, and pronunciation (Gao, 2001).
In the 21 century classroom, most teachers have still applied traditional grammar teaching that is based on linguistic analyses of the syntax and morphology of the target language (Freeman & Freeman, 2004). Exercises and drills have been designed to teach surface-structure patterns, often with little attention to meaning. Moreover, students learn to imitate the patterns but fail to construct the underlying rules that are needed to comprehend and produce the language. Teachers need to take away the traditional grammar teaching to pave the way with new strategies according to the learning styles of the students.
Understanding this pressing issue, the researcher is highly interested in researching and implementing innovative language activities to teach grammar, particularly to 9" grade students at a lower secondary school in Hai Phong. The research extends from pertinent prior works, encompassing both global and Vietnamese studies. Noteworthy international contributions by Ellis (2002), Larsen-Freeman (2011), and Richards and Rodgers (2014) delve into the theoretical underpinnings and pedagogical principles of the communicative approach in grammar instruction. Simultaneously, Vietnamese studies by Pham (2016), Nguyen (2017) and Trinh (2018) offer insights into the practical application of communicative language teaching in the local context.
Leveraging these studies, this investigation seeks to bridge the theoretical-practical gap by assessing the effectiveness of creative language activities in enhancing grammatical competence among ọn grade students with the topic title: “Using creative activities in practicing English grammar to Enhance gt grade students’ grammatical competence: An action research project at a lower secondary school in Hai Phong”. As an English teacher, the researcher hopes this research can contribute to improving the quality of teaching and learning English grammar for ọn grade students in general and all students at a lower secondary school in Hai Phong in particular. Aims and objectives of the study The thesis is aimed at enhancing the grammatical competence of 9" grade students.