VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** TRẦN HỒNG ĐIỆP CODE SWITCHING IN COMMUNICATION OF ESL STUDENTS AT A UNIVERSITY IN VIETNAM (Hiện tượng chuyển ngữ trong giao tiếp của sinh viên học tiếng Anh như một ngôn ngữ thứ 2 tại một trường đại học ở Việt Nam) M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field : English linguistics Code :8220201.01 Hanoi - 2018 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES ***************** TRẦN HỒNG ĐIỆP CODE SWITCHING IN COMMUNICATION OF ESL STUDENTS AT A UNIVERSITY IN VIETNAM.MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field : English linguistics Code :8220201. Đỗ Thị Thanh Hà Hanoi - 2018 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com DECLARATION I declare that the material contained in this paper is the end result of my own research. i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Here, I wish to express my endless thanks and gratefulness to my supervisor-Dr Do Thi Thanh Ha, for her great guidance, advice and consideration in the process of completing my research on time. Her immense encouragement, comments, her contribution and insight had significantly enriched and improved my work.
Without her instructions, my research would have been impossible to be done effectively Also I would like to express my appreciation to my lecturers who gave me such valuable lessons and helped me in the process of data collection and data entry for doing this research. I also acknowlege my thankfulness to all participants for their kind co-operation and for allowing me to access and gather the data from their online and daily communication, as well as their mail and inbox pages. Without their help, my paper will never be successful or the same. The deepest gratitude approves to my parents who with their endless love and care have most assistance and motivation me for the whole of my life.
I also would like to express my thanks to my own family for their support and care me all the time. As last, I would like to send my deeply thanks to all my friends who kindly helped and cared and gave me the best motication and lift me up all the trouble for the rest of my life. Thanks to all of you. ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT One of the most important functions of language is communication.
People use languages to exchange information, express feelings and emotions etc. In other words, people use languages to communication with with each. Language develops and diversifies over times with the developments of society, especially the development of human thinking. Thus, with time, the use of language of peole, especially today teenagers has lots of changes, among which “ code switching” is considered a special and interesting phenomenon.
The change from Vietnamese to English or code switching has been widespreading among the youth and the most popular times is in 2000s when English was put in to the throne and regarded as a second important and indispensable language for Asian youth in general and Vietnam in particular. Today, Vietnamese students are using code sswitching and switching from Vietnamese to English as a way of as an indispensable natural way of communicating in daily life and the use of code switching is not restricted or obeyed with any language structures or rules. Thus, the purpose of this research is to identify the frequecy, reason as well as the type for using code switching. Data used for the research is from daily conversation of ESL students.
Based on the theories of Malik and Poplack, and quantiative and qualitative methods, the result of the research shows that code switching is a very common phenomenon in everyday communication of ESL students. The type of code switching used by conversationers is varied, most commonly is intra-sentential switching. And the most reasons explaining why ESL students switch everyday are that sometimes they lack of facility and sometimes they as all the sudden forget the topics related to the topics speaking. However, using CS does not affect their communicationg skill.
Instead, it builds the strength and confidence in their speaking skill. iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iv LIST OF TABLES .vii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.
The aims of the study. Significance of the study. 3 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW. Definition of bilingualism.
Type of bilingualism .Borrowing and switching. Code and code switching. 7 CHAPTER III: RESEACH METHODOLOGY. Method of the study.
Setting of the study. Participants of the study. 18 CHAPTER IV: FINDING .1 Result of question one: How often do ESL students use code switching in communication?. 19 iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.
Result of question two: Which topic do ESL students switch? .3 Results of question three: What is the most common reason for code switching in communication among ESL students? .1 Lack of register .2 Lack of facility. Mood of the speaker .5 To emphasize a point: .6 To show identity with a group. Forget Vietnamese as a sudden. It’s easier and saves time to use English sometimes.
A way of expressing your high education and my style. Feeling like native speakers.4 Result of question four: Does code switching facilitate interpersonal communication for students participating in the study?. Result of question five: What type of code switching often occurs in ESL students’ communication?. Recommendation for further studies.
40 APPENDIX 1: RECORDING TRANSCRIPTS. 50 v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CS : Code- switching ESL : English as a second language EFL : English as a foreign language PDF : Portable Document Format TOEIC : Test of English for International Communication IELTS : International English Language Testing System WHO : The World Health Organization WTO : The World Trade Organization IDP : International Development Program vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF FINGURES Figure 1: frequency of using code switching in conversation. 20 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Topics for switching from Vietnamese to English. 21 Table 2: Reasons for code-switching (proposed by Malik, 1994).
22 Table 3: Other reasons for code-switching (proposed by the respondents ). 28 Table 4: The affect of code switching on language capability .33 Table 5: Types of code switching used in conversation of participants .35 vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction In all language in all over the worlds, English is chosen and considered one of the most important and official languages. In fact, English is considered an intermediate language, a language that is used in most international organization such as the United Nations, non-governmental organizations, WHO, WTO… and it is also frequently used in all important meetings among the nations as well as economies of many countries around the world.
That is also the reason why English has become a compulsory language in many countries. Thanks to languages, especially English, many people in the world can exchange information and communicate with each other. Communicating effectively in English helps us to learn and access new social, political enviroments, so learning English is also a must and necessity for all students in all over the world. In Vietnam, after integrating into the world economy as well as creating new opportunities for other countries to invest and develop in Vietnam, English has become an indispensable language of communication and English is introduced into the curriculum as a compulsory subject in all schools, colleges and universities, even in Vietnamese organizations.
Students who can speak Engish are always able to get a good job with very high wages. In fact, Vietnamese students have been investing time, money and energy in learning English. Today, in the community of English speakers and learners, the language exchange styles such as “ Tớ rất sorry cậu, nhưng tớ không thể come” or “ Tớ được có 4 điểm và tớ thật sự không understand lắm” or “ Mai có bài speaking test đấy, cậu đã làm exercise chưa?” are very common in conversations. This phenomenon-code switching is really widespread in bilingual speech, especially in communication of English as Second Language or ESL students and considered one of the most intringuing linguistic phenomena in multilingual communities.
Bilinguals will 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com switch or mix between languages that they are familiar with while communicating. They do not choose which language to use but select portions of one language and then of the other, alternating back and forth (Coulmas 2005). Billock and Toribio, 2009 showed that many bilinguals often utilize their ability to shift from one language to another to make conversation with each others in an unchanged setting and within the same utterance in order to achieve their communicative goals. These objectives could be: to show courtesy and respect in communication with their teachers or professors, or to express their personal feelings or maybe it’s a habitual expression that people coincidentally use while communicating or hopping to get attention from other friends in the class… Based on the data collected from conversations of 50 ESL students, this study helps readers have a deep and better understanding about code switching, the reason of using it as well as show what type of code switching is widely available in today ESL students’ communication and also whether code switching is facilitating their conversation.
The aims of the study. The aims, therefore of this study are to - Examine the frequency of using code switching in communication among ESL students. - Determine the topics of conversation in which code switching exists. - Determine the main reasons for ESL students to switch when communicate.
- Identify the type of code switching that often occurs in the communication of ESL students. - Determine whether code switch facilitates interpersonal communication for students participating in the study. Research questions Particularly, the research will answer the following questions: 1. How often do ESL students use code switching in communication.
2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Which topic do ESL students switch? 3. What is the most common reason for code-switching in communication among ESL students? 4. Does code switching facilitate interpersonal communication for students participating in the study? 5.
What type of code switching often occurs in ESL students’ communication? 1. Significance of the study Since the rise of English and since it has become an indispensable language in the life of modern Vietnamese, the phenomenon of insertion English into Vietnamese communication occurs quite commonly in the communication style of young people, especial teenagers today. The increasing in frequency of using English in Vietnamese students' conversations makes the writer want to know the reasons why teenagers or students today would like to speak English sometimes while communicating in Vietnamese and whether using English affects their mother language or Vietnamese and what types of switching they are used to speaking. So the findings of this paper will help researcher to achieve a better understanding of the reasons that govern code-switching in conversation and the types of switching that bilingual’s use in their daily speaking.
It also answer the writer concerns about whether using English while speakings helps ESL students learn the language better. 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW Language is a system of signs which we use to communicate with each other and since English has become an international language, it is now one of the most important tools for every student to have a bright future. That’s also the reason explaining why a thousand of Vietnamese students are spending money and time learning English and how to communicate in English and they utilize and practice their English skills every time when they have a chance.