Luận văn thạc sĩ về ẩn dụ ngữ pháp trong ngôn bản dược tiếng Anh

Luận văn thạc sĩ VNU ULIS phân tích phép ẩn dụ ngữ pháp trong diễn ngôn dược phẩm tiếng Anh, cung cấp cái nhìn sâu sắc về ngôn ngữ chuyên ngành.

2011

133
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

35 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

1. CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

2. CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN ENGLISH

3. CHAPTER 3: GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN ENGLISH PHARMACEUTICAL DISCOURSE

SOURCES OF DATA

APPENDIX 1: THE DISCOURSES FOR ANALYSIS

APPENDIX 2: CLAUSES AND CLAUSE COMPLEXES

APPENDIX 3: IDEATIONAL GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR

APPENDIX 4: GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR OF MOOD

APPENDIX 5: NOMINALIZATIONS

APPENDIX 6: LEXICAL DENSITY

APPENDIX 7: TRANSITIVITY PATTERN

APPENDIX 8: MOOD PATTERN

APPENDIX 9: THEMATIC PATTERN

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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ---------- FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES VŨ THỊ MẪU GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN ENGLISH PHARMACEUTICAL DISCOURSE ẨN DỤ NGỮ PHÁP TRONG NGÔN BẢN DƯỢC TIẾNG ANH M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 HANOI - 2011 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ---------- FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES VŨ THỊ MẪU GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN ENGLISH PHARMACEUTICAL DISCOURSE ẨN DỤ NGỮ PHÁP TRONG NGÔN BẢN DƯỢC TIẾNG ANH M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 Supervisor: Đỗ Tuấn Minh, Ph.D HANOI - 2011 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS . vi LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES . vii PART 1: INTRODUCTION . Why English pharmaceutical discourse? . Why systemic functional grammar? . Why grammatical metaphor? . Aims of the study . Scope of the study . Methods and data of the study . Format of the study . 6 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND . Language and social context . 10 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN ENGLISH . What is grammatical metaphor? . Classification of grammatical metaphor . 17 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com v CHAPTER 3: GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN ENGLISH PHARMACEUTICAL DISCOURSE . The authors and the chosen discourses . Linguistic features of English pharmaceutical discourse . Lexical features of English pharmaceutical discourse . Grammatical features of English pharmaceutical discourse . Nominalization and English pharmaceutical discourse . Frequency of use of grammatical metaphor in English pharmaceutical discourse 25 3. Types of grammatical metaphor in English pharmaceutical discourse . Implications of the study. Limitations of the study . Prospects for further studies . 43 SOURCES OF DATA . I APPENDIX 1: THE DISCOURSES FOR ANALYSIS . I APPENDIX 2: CLAUSES AND CLAUSE COMPLEXES . X APPENDIX 3: IDEATIONAL GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR . XXVII APPENDIX 4: GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR OF MOOD . XXXVI APPENDIX 5: NOMINALIZATIONS . XXXVII APPENDIX 6: LEXICAL DENSITY . XLVI APPENDIX 7: TRANSITIVITY PATTERN . LV APPENDIX 8: MOOD PATTERN . LXIV APPENDIX 9: THEMATIC PATTERN . LXXIII LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS CFL : College of Foreign Languages CUP : Cambridge University Press Dr. : Doctor Ed(s) : Editor(s) ELT : English Language Teaching ESP : English for Specific Purpose EPD(s) : English Pharmaceutical Discourse(s) GM(s) : Grammatical Metaphor(s) GMC : Grammatical Metaphors per Clause LM : Lexical Metaphor M. : Master of Arts No. : Number OUP : Oxford University Press PD(s) : Pharmaceutical Discourse(s) Ph.D : Doctor of Philosophy Prof. : Professor SF : Systemic Functional SFG : Systemic Functional Grammar SFL : Systemic Functional Linguistics Vol. : Volume VNU : Vietnam National University, Hanoi ULIS : University of Languages and International Studies USA : The United States of America [2: 1] : Example number 1, Chapter 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vii LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1.1: Language as the realization of social context.2: Language as tri-stratal system .1: Mapping of components .1: Distribution of types of logico-semantic relation in EPD .2: Distribution of types of process in EPD .3: Distribution of types of theme in EPD .4: Direction of metaphorization .5: Distribution of types of ideational GM in EPD.1: Process types, their meanings and key participants .1: Congruent relationship between semantics and lexicogrammar .2: Two perspectives on metaphorical variation .1: Frequency of use of grammatical metaphor in EPD.2: Types of grammatical metaphor .3: Types of ideational metaphors in EPD . 28 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Why English pharmaceutical discourse? Since language has always mirrored society, the emphasis on pharmacy in the recent decades has given rise to the growth of pharmaceutical literature. As English is an international language and the United States of America (USA for short) has got big achievements in pharmacy, most pharmaceutical papers are only available in English. In Vietnam, the study of pharmaceutical literature has been playing a greater role. However, making sense of English pharmaceutical discourse (hereafter abbreviated EPD) is not an easy task for readers of general English, language students, and even readers of ESP (English for Specific Purpose) as these EPDs require both linguistic and subject knowledge. Meanwhile, most of them may not have high level of English and pharmacy competence. Obviously, as a kind of scientific and technical writing, EPD is not transparent to the laymen. Therefore, an analysis of EPD sounds important as it draws insights from both pharmaceutical expertise and English language expertise. Such insights are likely to be of potential value in improving reading, writing and translating competence of language students coming new to the discipline. Besides, EPD has been always of my personal interest. I have taught English for many pharmacist students and helped my pharmacist-student sister deal with EPD; it is apparent to me that this kind of discourse is extremely complicated and need studying. Although previous research has studied scientific discourse (Đỗ Tuấn Minh, 2001, Briones et al, 2003, and etc.), different branches, namely, biology, literature, pharmacy, etc. perform distinct functions, have a distinct set of users, pursue different pace of development and, therefore, may present dissimilar characteristics. Nguyễn Thị Vân Hạnh (2008) says that medico-pharmaceutical English differs much from others in terms of lexical features. Also, my own EPD study has found evidence for the claim of complexity in this particular genre. Hence, study on language used in EPD is undeniably of necessity. Why systemic functional grammar? Different from formalism which views language as a set of rules and concentrates on language forms and structures, systemic functional grammar (SFG afterward) considers language as limitless resources used to carry out, to a limitless level, a mode of an action. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 2 SF linguistics (SFL from now on) is particularly concerned with describing the relationship between language and social context and its primary aim is to understand how the grammar serves as a resource for making and exchanging meanings. A SFG provides language teachers with tools for understanding why a discourse is the way it is; thus, good SFG can help language teachers be more effective teachers. In addition, some studies have already investigated medico-pharmaceutical language (Nguyễn Thị Ánh Hồng, 2005, Nguyễn Thị Vân Hạnh, 2008 and Lưu Trọng Tuấn, 2008); however, these papers are simply based on the structural approach (Hồng studies its terminologies and translation, Hạnh pays attention to its lexical and morphological characteristics and Tuấn investigates its syntactic features) and not enough research has been carried out to investigate lexicogrammatical features of EPD. None of the papers found uses SFL to analyze PD. Thus, an analysis of PD which uses SFG as framework is important since it fills the gap in pharmaceutical literature. This thesis focuses on both the wording and the meaning of EPD within SF framework and specifically on one interesting and powerful feature, GM. Why grammatical metaphor? There is a great number of factors that help make PD what it is; and due to the limitation of time and effort as well as within the scope of an M. minor thesis, I was forced to investigate one of these aspects only. Although grammatical metaphor (GM for short) is one of the most interesting and important concept within SFL and is considered vitally important in creating scientific discourse (Halliday, 1994, Halliday & Matthiessen, 1999 & 2004, and Đỗ Tuấn Minh, 2001), it has not attracted enough attention paid by Vietnamese researchers. GM, a lexicogrammatical phenomenon which first involves the transcategorization of various elements in a clause, and second is a mapping of the semantic and lexicogrammatical components in a way which deviates from the usual one (Halliday & Matthiessen, 1999), appears considerably frequently in the EPD constructed by pharmaceutical specialists and the use of GM in EPD contributes to its complexity and ambiguity. Thus, it may cause difficulties for readers in understanding what is really meant or referred to. As a result, GM should be taken into account in EPD. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 3 With all the above mentioned, I was inspired into the study of GM used in EPD in the light of SFG. The EPDs taken into consideration are from specialized pharmaceutical books published in the USA by worldwide famous publishers. Hopefully, this thesis will provide an insight into the nature and the role of GM in EPD, contribute to a fuller understanding of EPD, help readers to realize its importance in comprehending and manipulating EPD and translators of this specialized language can, to some extent, benefit. Aims of the study The ultimate aim of the study is to make an inquiry into the nature of GM and to examine its use in EPD. To achieve this aim, the paper will examine how semantics and lexicogrammar are related since their relationship provides environment for the occurrence of GM. The study also takes the use of GM, including its frequency and types, in EPD into consideration and attempts to answer the question of how writers of this genre fully exploit the potential of a natural process of linguistic change to meet their scientific goals. It is hoped that the investigation into GM in EPD will provide an insight into EPD. Research questions The study aims to give answer to the following research questions: 1. What is the nature of grammatical metaphor? 2. What are linguistic features of English pharmaceutical discourse? 3. Which types of grammatical metaphor are used in English pharmaceutical discourse? 4. What is the ratio of grammatical metaphor (number of grammatical metaphor instances per clause) in English pharmaceutical discourse? 4. Scope of the study In this study, I do not have an ambition to cover all aspects of SFG. Only issues related to GM such as framework, elements and features are taken into consideration. Types of PD may be lessons in textbook, newspaper articles, magazine articles, reports, journals, presentations, speeches, etc. However, this study does not explore all kinds of PD. Only one type is chosen, that is, discourse in English specialized advanced books for pharmacists and pharmacist students. Specifically, these discourses are centered mainly on pharmacology, a branch of pharmacy studies. Other kinds will not be studied in this LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Besides, PD may range from spoken type to written one. Since GM happens more often in written discourse (Halliday, 1994, Halliday & Matthiessen, 1999 & 2004, and Đỗ Tuấn Minh, 2001), the analysis focuses on the written discourse. It is predicted that this kind of discourse exploits many instances of GM. Also, this paper does not attempt to investigate Vietnamese PD concurrently, so only English discourses are analyzed. In addition, even the researcher is well aware of the fact that PD is not solely communicated through verbal language, the analysis solely focuses on the verbal record of the discourses. Therefore, the graphs, tables, figures, diagrams, imagines, photographs, and etc. included in those discourses are ignored. All the titles and headings in those discourses are also not analyzed. The writer desires to focus on the nature of GM, its occurrence and types in written EPD. Special emphasis is put into analyzing ideational GM, which plays the key role in construing meaning in the discourse. An attempt is also made to explain how GM is deployed in EPD with special concern about nominalization, which is „the single most powerful resource for creating [GM]‟ (Halliday, 1994: 352). Since there is not enough space for a minor M. thesis to investigate the whole three pharmaceutical books of more than a thousand pages, seven written EPDs of eight pages (in its authentic papers) seem to be more feasible. Those papers are written by American professional pharmaceutical specialists. The English language used in these documents is authentic and is named in the Sources of Data.

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