VtMHAM UM'iOHM. UNIVERSITY-HO CHI MINH CITY lilMt¥E8SIT¥ OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES mmmism SPBAEMG SKILLS :0KS KO^^ 'S^ S.'Sji£«sj ThJpf ?1R OF RMTB i TEBQh I Soperrisor : PE'flR LEONARD, MA Student; NGUYfeN TH| THOY CHAU HO CHI MINH 2006 m « VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILLS AMONG NON-ENGLISH MAJORS AT THE COLLEGE OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF HO CHI MINH CITY: PROBLEMS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS (TESOL) imfvirwiM'^iDiifcvNv t>.iioci;iM!Nii jfodywcii'i Supervisor: PETER LEONARD, MA Student: NGUYEN THI THUY CHAU HO CHI MINH 2006 m CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I certify my authorship of the thesis submitted today entitled "ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILLS AMONG NON-ENGLISH MAJORS AT THE COLLEGE OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF HO CHI MINH CITY: PROBLEMS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING" in terms of the Statement of Requirements for Theses in Master's Programs issued by the Higher Degree Committee. This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other institution. Ho Chi Minh City, April 2, 2006 NGUYEN THI THUY CHAU RETENTION AND USE OF THESES I hereby state that I, Nguyen Thi Thuy Chau, being a candidate for the degree of Master of Arts (TESOL) accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and use of Master's Theses deposited in the Library.
In terms of these conditions, I agree that the original of my thesis deposited in the Library should be accessible for the purpose of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the Library for the care, loan or reproduction of theses. Signature: Date: ACKOWLEDGEMENT I am deeply indebted to my supervisor, Mr. Peter Leornard, for his valuable guidance, helpful suggestions and comments in the writing of this study. 1 would like to express my sincere gratitude to my lecturers for their dedication and helpful instruction during my TESOL course.
Thanks are also due to all my colleagues for the permission to attend their classes, their help with the data collection for the research, and their precious remarks; to all the first-year students participating in the research for their cooperation; and to all my friends for their moral support, good friendship and enjoyable company. Finally, I would like to thank my husband, Nguyen Viet Anh, who helped me with data processing for this paper and his encouragement. ui ABSTRACT The English language occupies a specially important status in the increasing development of science, technology, culture, economy, and international relations in Vietnam. Therefore, there is a growing demand for English language learning all over the country.
A good command of English, especially spoken English, is a good advantage for job applicants nowadays. Unfortunately, very few students at COFER have such an advantage. Most of the students have problems with oral English, which always makes the teaching of spoken English a challenge to all EEL teachers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the first-year non-English majors' problems in learning speaking skills, their causes, and offer some suggestions to better the teaching of spoken English to the freshmen at COFER.
In order to achieve the purpose, the study was carried out with the data collected through a survey questionnaire of 168 first-year non- English majors, interviews with eight EEL teachers, and class observations. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods helps to achieve triangulation in action in order to gain good validity in the study. The results of the,study show that the students are very passive and not confident in spoken classes. First, this is due to the fact that they are affected by their prior learning experience, psychological factors such as anxiety, shyness, being afraid of being laughed at, being afraid of making mistakes, listening ability, classroom climate, and teacher.
Second, it is caused by the students' insufficient communicative competence. After all, these problems result ftom the fact that they lack exposure to authentic English. Based on the results and under the Hght of relevant literature review, the thesis came up with practical suggestions for the improvement of the teaching of spoken English at COFER. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii ABSTRACT iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES x INTRODUCTION 1 01.
Statement of Purpose 5 03. The Research Questions 5 04. Significance of the Study 6 05. Abbreviations and Definition of Terms 6 06.
Overview of the Thesis 8 Chapter 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 9 1. What is speaking? 9 1. The importance of speaking skills 9 1. Differences between spoken and written language 11 1.
Factors affecting EEL learners' speaking skills 16 1. Psychological / Affective factors 17 1. Attitude and Motivation 19 1. Components underlying speaking effectiveness 22 1.
What is interaction? 25 1. The importance of interaction 25 1. Teaching methods often used in Vietnam 28 1. The grammar-translation method 28 1.
The communicative approach 29 1. The goal of communicative language teaching 30 1. Characteristics of the teaching/learning process 30 1. The roles of teachers and learners in the classroom 31 VI 1.
The role of teaching materials 32 1. Summary 35 Chapter 2: METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN DESIGN 36 2. Characteristics of Subjects 37 2. Data collection procedures 41 2.
Summary 42 Chapter 3: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 43 3. From student-questionnaires 43 3. EFL teachers' remarks on problems students face in learning speaking skills and the causes of the problems 57 3. Difficulties teachers face in teaching speaking skills 62 3.
Summary of findings 66 3. Summary 68 Chapter 4: SUGGESTIQNS 69 To the organizers 69 To the teachers 70 VI1 CONCLUSION 87 BIBLIOGRAPHY 89 Appendix 1 95 Appendix 2a 97 Appendix 2b 100 Appendix 3 103 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 via LIST OF TABLES Page 3.1 Students' prior learning experience at high school 43 3. Students' feehngs about learning English 44 3. Students' difficulties in learning spoken English at COFER 45 3.
Students' obstacles in carrying out a conversation 47 3. Students' solutions to being unable to express their ideas 48 3. Students' frequency of exposure to English 49 3. Students' perception on the influence of teacher, physical conditions and classroom climate on their speaking skills 50 3.
Students' attitude towards the course book 51 3. Students' attitude to learning spoken English 53 3. Students' motivation (reasons) for learning spoken English 53 3. Students' favourite ways of learning speaking skills 55 3.
Students' favourite classroom activities 56 IX LIST OF FIGURES Page 3. Students' feelings about speaking English 45 3. Students' solutions to being unable to express their ideas 48 3. Students' perception on the influence of teacher, physical conditions and classroom climate on their speaking skills 51 3.
Students' attitude towards the course book 52 3. Students' attitude to learning spoken English 53 3. Students' motivation (reasons) for learning spoken English 54 3. Students' favourite ways of learning speaking skills 55 INTRODUCTION 01.
Background Today, English has established itself as the most dominant language in the world. English is used as an important medium of communication in the fields of science, technology, politics, diplomacy, and especially in business, commerce, and international trade. In Vietnam, English is regarded as an effective tool in gaining access to scientific and technological advances and as a means to promote mutual understanding and cooperation between Vietnam and other countries in the world. In the next few years when Vietnam joins the WTO, more and more foreign companies will invest in Vietnam.
It is no doubt that there will be a great demand for people who have a good command of English, especially spoken English in order to communicate with foreign partners and do business with them. Unfortunately, at the College of Foreign Economic Relations (COFER) where non-English majors are expected to become foreign trade executives and business people, their oral proficiency is far from satisfactory. Although they have spent several years' learning English, they still cannot express themselves freely and naturally in English; they find themselves quite embarrassed and lack confidence when they speak English in front of class or participate in English conversations; they made a lot of errors in their oral communication in the target language. In this study, it is the author's intention to choose the first-year non- English majors as the target group since the learning of oral English in the flrst year is considered as a "turning point" in students' study.
After several years' study of grammar, vocabulary, and reading at high schools, many students have become so interested in learning speaking English, but their language level and their personal characteristics may cause them some inhibitions. Therefore, the identification of first-year non-English majors' problems in learning oral English and giving some suggestions to improve teaching speaking skills in first-year classes are very essential in order to help students learn this skill well in the following academic years, and in the long run help them find a good Job. hi order to understand the issues to be discussed in this thesis, it is necessary to have a brief look at the English course for first-year classes at COFER, teaching material, physical conditions, students, and teachers. In the first academic year, non-English majors are required to learn English for 180 periods in two semesters.
Thus each semester, students are required to learn 90 periods, each week ten periods including four skills. In terms of speaking skills, at the end of the first academic year, students are expected to carry out short conversations, and present simple topics in front of class. The material used for teaching spoken English in the first-year classes at COFER is GETTING AHEAD by Sarah Jones - Macziola and Greg White. It is "a course in communication skills in English for students who 2 need, or will soon need, to use English in their work" (Sarah Jones - Macziola and Greg White, 2000: vi).
The book consists of 20 units, four of which are review units. The units are topically based but incorporate practice in all four skills. The school facilities at COFER do not contribute to an ideal environment for practicing spoken English. Although the classrooms are spacious, bright, and equipped with cassette players, the sound quality of the cassette players is not good.
In addition, the classroom setting is still strongly influenced by traditional teaching ideas with the teacher's desk in the front and students' desks and benches fixed and ananged in rows lacing the teacher. This kind of seUing is only suitable for teacher- centered teaching, but not conductive to communication activities in the classroom. Students usually find it hard to talk to each other in this kind of setting when they practise in groups. First-year non-English majors at COFER are aged from eighteen to twenty-one.
Most of students major in export- import business administration. The others major in business and trade administration. All of them have learnt English for seven years at high school. Before entering COFER, they had to pass the entrance exam in written English (see appendix 1), mathematics, and literature.
Students who come from central and southern provinces are often not as good at English as those from big cities because the conditions for teaching and learning English there are very poor due to a shortage of instructors of English and materials. Students from the big cities like Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Nha Trang are usually better, but they are only better at grammar and translation. They can do written exercises on grammar accurately but they find it difficult to express their thinking in English. This proves that they had been taught English with the Grammar-Translation method or in a very traditional way.