VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES ------ ------ HÀ VĂN MINH THE INTERFERENCE OF THE MOTHER TONGUE IN THE WRITING SKILLS OF THE GRADE 10 STUDENTS AT TINH GIA 2 UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL (ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA TIẾNG MẸ ĐỐI VỚI KỸ NĂNG VIẾT CỦA HỌC SINH LỚP 10 TẠI TRƯỜNG THPT TĨNH GIA 2) M. Minor Programme Thesis Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60. 10 Hanoi, 2011 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES ------ ------ HÀ VĂN MINH THE INTERFERENCE OF THE MOTHER TONGUE IN THE WRITING SKILLS OF THE GRADE 10 STUDENTS AT TINH GIA 2 UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL (ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA TIẾNG MẸ ĐỐI VỚI KỸ NĂNG VIẾT CỦA HỌC SINH LỚP 10 TẠI TRƯỜNG THPT TĨNH GIA 2) M. Minor Programme Thesis Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60. 10 Supervisor: NGUYỄN BÀNG, MA Hanoi, 2011 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION………………………………………………………………………. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………. iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS………………………………………. vi LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………… vii 1 PART A: INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………. Rationale for the study…………………………………………………………… 1 2. Aims of the study ………………………………………………………………. Research questions of the study…………………………………………………. Scope of the study ………………………………………………………………. Significance of the study ………………………………………………………… 2 6. Organization of the study ……………………………………………………… 3 4 PART B: DEVELOPMENT…………………………………………………………. 4 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………. Written language vs spoken language…………………………………………. The interference of L1 in L2…………………………………………………… 6 1. Errors in foreign language learning process……………………………. Definition of errors……………………………………………………. Errors and mistakes………………………………………………………… 8 1. Classification of errors ……………………………………………………. Concepts of error analysis…………………………………………………. Procedures in analyzing errors……………………………………………. Research questions of the study………………………………………………. Participants of the study………………………………………………………. 20 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Data collection instruments ………………………………………………… 20 2. Introduction to a test in general and description of the final test used in the study…………………………………………………………………… 20 2. Data collection procedures………………………………………………. Coding the writtings…………………………………………………………. 22 23 CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION……………………………………. Data Analysis and discussion…………………………………………………. Data Analysis and discussion on the errors from the test papers…………. Description and discussion on the five most frequent types of errors…. Discussion and explanation on the grammatical errors…………………… 29 3. Major findings on how much MT interference in students’ errors………… 38 3. Major findings on the most frequent grammatical errors…………………. Suggestions for further teaching strategies……………………………………. Summary of the study……………………………………………………………. Limitations of the study and suggestions for further studies……………………. III LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vi LIST OF ABBREVIATION AND SYMBOLS CA : Contrastive Analysis CS : Correct Sentence EA : Error Analysis EFL : English as a Foreign Language ES : Error Sentence L1 : First Language L2 : Second Language MT : Mother Tongue SLA : Second Language Acquisition TL : Target Language TG2USS : Tinh Gia 2 Upper Secondary School Ø : Missing word LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Comparing spoken language and written language. Table 2: Total number or errors from the test papers. Table 3: Parts of speech in Vietnamese. Table 2: Number or grammatical errors from the test papers. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 1 PART A: INTRODUCTION This part provides an overview of the study including the rationale, aims as well as the research questions and scope of the study. Besides, the significance of the study and organization of the study are presented. Rationale for the study In recent years, the teaching and learning of English have become a great concern in Vietnam. English is now taught not only at all universities and colleges but also as a basic and compulsory subject at all upper secondary schools, including TG2USS. Writing is one of four skills in language learning process and it is seen as the most difficult and complex language skill because it requires widely perception and needs good understanding on grammar and structures. Along with language knowledge and other three skills, writing is often required and evaluated as a part of the total assessment of tests in two terms of the academic year of upper secondary school. But there is a fact that students usually have a large number of difficulties in expressing their ideas in their English writing. They normally translate word by word, vocabulary, idiomatic expressions and especially grammatical rules of their first language (L1) into the target language (TL). As a result, they do not often get good marks or have good paragraph writings. These problems cause a lot of grammatical errors in students‟ writing works. In other words, the students negatively transfer features of L1 into the TL, and consequently they may encounter difficulties in learning English. The better understanding of students‟ errors in EFL writing will help the students recognize the negative effects of the mother tongue (MT) interference in L2 acquisition and then avoid errors. It will also help students improve their accurate and fluent writing and their English learning in the future. All the above-mentioned reasons have inspired the researcher to carry out a study entitled “The Interference of the Mother Tongue in the Writing Skills of the Grade 10 Students at Tinh Gia 2 Upper Secondary School”. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Aims of the study This study is primarily targeted at helping to improve the grade 10 students‟ writing skills by reducing the negative interference of the L1 (Vietnamese) on their writing. To achieve this aim, the researcher attempts: - To find out the most frequent L1 interference errors students committed when doing paragraph writing. - To identify causes of the students‟ writing errors – the interference of the L1. - To give practical recommendations. Research questions of the study The study just focuses on writing errors caused by MT interference, the following research questions are proposed: 1. How much does L1 interfere with the students‟ writing? 2. What are the most common L1- related grammatical errors committed by the students in their writing? 4. Scope of the study The study was carried out with four classes (10C1, 10C6, 10C7 and 10C11) consisting of 182 students of TG2USS in their second term, the academic year 2010-2011. Due to the fixed curriculum and limited time, the study only centred on the L1- related grammatical errors committed by students in their final writing test papers and based on the analysis of their writing papers, some suggested solutions were provided. Significance of the study The study attempts to bring about some benefits theoretically and practically to the readers and researchers, especially to the secondary school teachers of English. In terms of theoretical benefits, the study could provide the information on the students‟ errors in paragraph writing in teaching and learning process. In terms of practical benefits, the researcher hopes that the study could be the references for teachers of English and the readers as well. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 3 - The result of this study could provide the information and evaluation for the students‟ knowledge of grammar, so they would avoid the same errors next time. - It would be useful for the teachers to improve the students‟ writing skills. Organization of the study The study consists of three parts: introduction, development with three chapters and conclusion. Part A, INTRODUCTION presents an overview of the study with the rationale, aims, the research questions and scope of the study. Besides, the significance of the study and organization of the study are presented. Part B, DEVELOPMENT includes three chapters: Chapter 1 presents literature review relevant to the study. Chapter 2 consists of research questions, participants of the study, data collection instruments and procedures of data collection. Chapter 3 displays the major findings of the error analysis and discussions from the collected data analysis. It also provides some suggestions for further teaching strategies. Part C: CONCLUSION presents a summary of the study. It also provides some limitations of the study and suggestions for further study The REFERENCES and APPENDIXES are at the end to the study. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 4 PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW This part, literature review, presents a review of related literature that provides the theoretical background of the study. It includes the main sections: section 1 dicusses the written English vs spoken English, section 2 addresses the L1 interference on L2, section 3 examines errors in foreign language learning process, section 4 mentions contrastive analysis (CA) and section 5, the last section, discusses error analysis (EA). Written language versus spoken language A commonly held belief is that the nature of written language will be most clearly seen when being contrasted with that of the spoken language. Many famous linguists have followed this approach such as Brown & Yule, Byrne, Ellis & Sinclair, etc. Brown & Yule (1983) suggest that information is packed very much more densely in the written language than in the spoken form, which also explains its brevity and results from the presence of heavy premodified noun phrases, heavy adverbial modification and complex subordinating phrases. In other words, the written language provides much more information than the spoken language with a more complicated set of vocabulary and grammar rules. Ellis & Sinclair (1989) make a clear distinction between spoken and written language. They point out that written language is formal and stable while spoken language is informal and variable. Therefore, it appears much easier to provide a model of written language than that of spoken one. Done Byrne (1997) also agrees with the view that writing is different from speech in a number of ways. Speech takes place against the background of a situation and much of what we say can be understood from the situation; speech is addressed to a person who is present at that time and there is continuous interaction and feedback, which may be in verbal or non-verbal form. That is not to mention the considerable amount of resources possible to be drawn from speech through the use of prosodic features, facial expressions, gestures. Writing, in contrast, creates contexts and is a way of communicating with someone who is not present and may not lead to interaction. There is also no use of the prosodic features, which is replaced by graphological devices such as punctuation and capitalization. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. (1996:159-161) suggests nine characteristics that distinguish written from spoken language. His analysis is summarized in Table 1: Written language Spoken language Permanence permanent fleeting and movable Explicitness explicit assumed, implicit Density dense include repetitions, glosses, fillers detached in time and place takes place with intermediate Detachment from readership interaction and feedback Organization well organized, edited improvising Slowness of quicker to produce but listening slower to produce, but production, speed speed is decided by the speed of quicker to read of reception speaker may be in regional, or limited- Standard language standard context dialect A learnt skill must be taught and learnt mother tongue is acquired Sheer amount and used less used more in life importance (Source: Adapted from Ur, P. 1996: 159-161) Table 1: Comparing spoken language and written language. According to the data, the different features between spoken and written language suggest some cautions in teaching writing. Because written texts are permanent and can be referred many times, they must be written with careful choice of vocabulary and structures. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. The interference of L1 in L2 Many language teachers and linguists have considered L1 interference as an barrier of L2 learning. Lightbown and Spada (1993:54) found that in the 1960‟s various studies indicated that most of mistakes L2 learners made due to their L1 interference. As a result, numerous researchers have paid attention to errors which demonstrate the influence of one‟s L1 on L2. Brown (1994:89) believes that SLA is strongly influenced by the learners‟ L1. He states “native language interference is surely the most immediately noticeable source of errors among second language learners”.
Ảnh hưởng của tiếng mẹ đẻ đến kỹ năng viết của học sinh lớp 10 tại trường THPT Tĩnh Gia 2
Luận văn thạc sĩ phân tích vnu ulis the interference of the mother tongue in the writing skills of the grade 10 students at, đánh giá thực trạng, chỉ ra hạn chế, đề xuất giải pháp
Trường đại học
Hanoi University of Languages and International StudiesChuyên ngành
English Teaching MethodologyNgười đăng
Ẩn danhThể loại
ThesisPhí lưu trữ
30 PointMục lục chi tiết
THÔNG TIN CHI TIẾT
Tác giả: Hà Văn Minh
Người hướng dẫn: Nguyễn Bàng, MA
Trường học: Hanoi University of Languages and International Studies
Chuyên ngành: English Teaching Methodology
Đề tài: The Interference Of The Mother Tongue In The Writing Skills Of The Grade 10 Students At Tinh Gia 2 Upper Secondary School (Ảnh Hưởng Của Tiếng Mẹ Đối Với Kỹ Năng Viết Của Học Sinh Lớp 10 Tại Trường Thpt Tĩnh Gia 2)
Loại tài liệu: Thesis
Năm xuất bản: 2011
Địa điểm: Hanoi
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