VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES ------------------ NGUYEN THI CHAU ANH A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF WORD ORDER ERRORS MADE BY CHINESE LEARNERS & VIETNAMESE LEARNERS OF ENGLISH AT FLC AND SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT A thesis in Master of Arts Major: TESOL Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: NGUYEN BICH HANH, MA. HOCHIMINH CITY January, 2005 CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY I certify my authorship of the thesis submitted today entitled: A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF WORD ORDER ERRORS MADE BY CHINESE LEARNERS & VIETNAMESE LEARNERS OF ENGLISH AT FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTERS AND SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT in terms of the statement of the Requirements for Theses and Field Study Reports in Master’s Programs issued by the Higher Degree Committee Ho Chi Minh City, January 2005 NGUYEN THI CHAU ANH RETENTION AND USE OF THE THESIS I hereby state that I, NGUYEN THI CHAU ANH, being the candidate for the degree of Master of Arts (TESOL), accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and use of Master’s Theses deposited in the university library. In terms of these conditions, I agree that the original of my thesis deposited in the University library should be accessible for the purpose of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the Library for case, loan or reproduction of theses. I also agree that a copy of the original of my thesis will be sent to Lok-an Taiwanese Grant for Vietnamese Students Scholarship for the purpose of study and research in Taiwan.
Ho Chi Minh City, January 2005 NGUYEN THI CHAU ANH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS T hanks to the good conditions created by Beán Tre College and in particular its Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, English Department, I have been able to finish this work. First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Ms. Nguyeãn Bích Haïnh, for her guidance, suggestions and encouragement. Nguyeãn Bích Haïnh, this work would not have been done.
I would also like to thank Lok-an Taiwanese Grant for awarding me a scholarship to do this thesis. This scholarship has provided me with the financial assistance to complete the study in HCMC. I also wish to send my sincere thanks to my teachers, Mr. Nguyeãn Huyønh Ñaït and Ms.
Cao Thi Quyønh Loan for their advice. And my thanks also go to to Dr. Wi-vun Taffalo Chiung for his encouragement and support. I am also grateful to the teaching staff of the Master Course of which I am a student.
The professors and lecturers of the Master Course have provided excellent materials in TESOL and helped me to understand new concepts in English and English Teaching Methodology. I am grateful to all the teachers of English at Vaên Lang Foreign Languages Centers, District 5, HCMC and teachers of English at thaønh Ñoaøn Informatics and Foreign Language School, District 1, HCMC, especially Mr. Haø Tuaán Hieàn and Ms. Ñaëng Thò Kieàu Anh who spent a great deal of time with me distributing, collecting questionnaires and tests and discussing the data for the study.
I would also like to thank all the learners of English at the two schools for their participation in the research. Without this help, this thesis could not have been written. Finally, in the place of honor, I wish to thank my beloved family. Their love and support has been wonderful, particularly in the period of compilation of my thesis.
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English – Vietnamese Dictionary. Nhaø Xuaát Baûn TP. 145 Chapter One Introdution CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationales Word order (WO) is a universal syntactic device. However, it is language specific, differing from one language to another.
Failure to produce a correct syntactic order may lead to misunderstanding, miscommunication or confusion. For example, if a speaker wants to express the idea that he gave a flower from the garden to his mother. Let’s compare the following sentences:(1)* He gave his mother a flower garden as a birthday gift. And (1’) He gave his mother a garden flower as a birthday gift.
Obviously, a change in WO can bring about a different meaning from what is intended by the speaker. In addition, a change in WO may result in ambiguity or obscurity. (2) * The dog belongs to one of our neighbors that followed us home. The modifier “that followed us home” in the sentence above is misplaced, and may cause the reader or hearer to think that it is one of our neighbors that followed us, not the dog.
The modifier, in this case, needs a relative clause to be put in the right place, i. next to its antecedent, in order to disambiguate the sentence. It should be: (2’) The dog, that followed us home, belongs to one of our neighbors. In the following sentence, the ordering of words causes ambiguity.
(3) * The young man is watching a little girl in the park wearing a uniform. (obscure) 1 Chapter One Introdution The sentence (3) above is ambiguous: Where is the young man? And where is the little girl? Are they in the park? Who is wearing a uniform? This sentence should be rewritten as either: (3’) In the park, the young man is watching a little girl wearing a uniform. Or (3”): The young man in uniform is watching a little girl in the park. Word order errors may also cause obscurity or confusion as seen in (4).
(4) * My handbag’s mother is old. (Obscure) This sentence should be rewritten as: (4’) My mother’s handbag is old. As WO is language specific, it must be acquired by learners, and when errors in WO occur, they may be traced back to the learners’ mother tongue as in (4). Generally speaking, syntactic errors are thought to be interferences from L1 to L2.
Brown (1980) argues that, for the beginners of a foreign language, interference of the first language has a great influence on the second language acquisition. “We have all observed children acquiring their first language easily and well, yet learning of a second language, particularly in an educational setting, often meet with great difficulty and sometimes failure.” [7:48] Lado (1957) believes that the grammatical structures, in many cases, tend to be transferred to the target language. [41:58] Errors in word order can be accounted for by the syntactic order in learners’ mother tongue.