VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES FACULTY OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE ------------------------------------------------------ THE IMPACTS OF GAMIFICATION ON TEACHING VOCABULARY TO YOUNG LEARNERS IN HO CHI MINH CITY A minor thesis submitted to the Faculty of English Linguistics & Literature in partial fulfillment of the Master’s degree in TESOL By HO TRUC CHI Supervised by TRAN THI MINH PHUONG, Ph. HO CHI MINH CITY, MAY 2021 STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby certify my authorship of the thesis submitted today entitle: THE IMPACTS OF GAMIFICATION ON TEACHING VOCABULARY TO YOUNG LEARNERS IN HO CHI MINH CITY in terms of the statement of Requirements for the Thesis in Master’s program issued by Higher Degree Committee. The thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other situation. Ho Chi Minh City, May 2021 Hồ Trúc Chi I RETENTION AND USE OF THE THESIS I hereby state that I, Hồ Trúc Chi being the candidate for the degree of Master in TESOL, accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and use of Master’s Theses deposited in the library.
In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my thesis deposited in the library should be accessible for the purpose of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the library for the care, loan, or reproduction of the thesis. Ho Chi Minh City, May 2021 Hồ Trúc Chi II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest and sincerest gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Dr. Tran Thi Minh Phuong, who has provided helpful guidance, precious comments, and strong support in developing and completing this thesis. Her dynamism, vision, sincerity, and motivation have deeply inspired me.
She has taught me the methodology to carry out the thesis and to present the thesis works as clearly as possible. It was a great privilege and honor to work and study under her guidance. I am extremely grateful for what she has offered me. I would also like to acknowledge my debt to colleague teachers at Vietnam USA Society English Centers and Dong Do English Centers who have helped and shared their valuable comments and teaching experience related to the scope of this thesis.
Besides, I am grateful to learners at the above-mentioned language center, especially those who have taken part in the questionnaire. This thesis would not have been accomplished without their support. This thesis would not have been completed without the encouragement from my friends, Dr. Pham Tran Chi at Cho Ray Hospital and Dr.
Anh Cao at Harvard University for their mental health and psychological support. Last but not least, I would like to dedicate this thesis to my endlessly family members. Their love and sympathy motivated me to complete this thesis. III ABSTRACT The application of gamification in language teaching is perceived to have mass appeal among the learners in stimulating motivation, learner engagement, and social influence, especially in teaching vocabulary.
This study attempted to present a summary of the findings of state-of-the-art literature in the emerging field of gamification within the educational sphere of language instruction. The study aimed to examine teachers' and learners' perceptions of gamification in teaching vocabulary, discover the language teachers' beliefs and practices of gamification in teaching vocabulary to young learners, and determine the learners' opinions on how gamification affects their motivation. The study used a mixed-methods design to analyze both quantitative and qualitative data of questionnaire for learners, questionnaire for teachers, and teachers' interviews to investigate the real nature of learners' and teachers' conditions in the classroom for vocabulary teaching. The findings of this study indicated that gamification was practical and had an effective impact on vocabulary teaching.
The finding in the interview for teachers showed that gamification supported learners to develop their motivation, interaction skills, and their learning achievement in the classroom. Additionally, the learners' responses in the questionnaire showed they had positive attitudes towards integrating gamification in teaching vocabulary. Therefore, the application of gamification contains a vital role in learning and teaching English vocabulary in Ho Chi Minh City. Key words: Gamification, Vocabulary, Impact.
IV TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1.1 Background of the study .2 Aims of the study .4 Significance of the study .5 Scope of the study .6 Structure of the study .1 Definition and the role of vocabulary in language learning and teaching .1 What is vocabulary? .2 The role of vocabulary in language teaching and learning .2 Factors influencing vocabulary acquisition .2 Perspectives on teaching vocabulary .1 Techniques in using gamification to teach vocabulary to young learners .2 Principles of teaching vocabulary .3 Stages in teaching vocabulary.4 Difficulties in teaching vocabulary .3 Teaching vocabulary through gamification .1 What is gamification? .2 Related literature in teaching vocabulary through gamification .3 The typical components of gamification .5 Game-based learning platforms .6 Other game elements .4 The impacts of using gamification on teaching vocabulary .1 Motivating learners to learn vocabulary .2 Enhancing social interaction .3 Developing vocabulary knowledge .4 Describing young learners .1 Who are young learners? .2 Young learners vocabulary strategies .3 Attitude of young learners toward gamification .4 Research site and participants .1 Research sample of the teachers who answer the interview .2 Research sample of the teachers who answer the questionnaire.3 Research sample of the learners .1 Interview for teachers .2 Questionnaire for teachers .3 Questionnaire for learners .6 Data collection procedure .7 Procedure of data analysis.1 Qualitative analysis of interview data .2 Statistical analysis of questionnaires .8 Summary of the chapter. DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS .1 Responses to interview from the teachers .1 The purposes of teachers using gamification to teach vocabulary .2 The strengths and weaknesses of using gamification in teaching vocabulary .1 The strengths of using gamification in teaching vocabulary .2 The weaknesses of using gamification in teaching vocabulary .3 Teachers’ recommendations on the use of gamification in teaching vocabulary .2 Responses to the questionnaire from the teachers .1 Teachers’ opinions towards teaching vocabulary .1 The reliability of the questionnaire.2 Teachers’ opinions about the importance of vocabulary in language learning .3 Teachers’ opinions of the difficulties with the learner’s in learning vocabulary .2 Teachers’ opinions of applying gamification in teaching vocabulary .1 Game elements using in teaching vocabulary .2 Teachers’ opinions of the impacts of gamification on teaching vocabulary .3 Responses to questionnaire from the learners .1 Learners’ opinions of the vocabulary in learning English .1 The reliability of the questionnaire instrument .2 Learners’ attitudes toward vocabulary .2 Learners’ opinions of using gamification in learning motivation .3 The impacts of gamification on learning motivation and enhancing learners's vocabulary .5 Summary of the chapter. RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION .1 Summary of main points .3 Limitations and recommendations for further research .2 Recommendations for educational administrators .3 Recommendations for further research .4 Summary of the chapter. 88 APPENDIX 1: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR TEACHERS (ENGLISH VERSION).
88 APPENDIX 2: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR TEACHERS (VIETNAMESE VERSION). 90 APPENDIX 3: QUESTIONNAIRES FOR TEACHERS (ENGLISH VERSION). 92 APPENDIX 4: QUESTIONNAIRES FOR TEACHERS (VIETNAMESE VERSION). 98 APPENDIX 6: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR LEARNERS (VIETNAMESE VERSION).
110 APPENDIX 7: INTERVIEW ANSWERING SAMPLE. 115 APPENDIX 8: CRONBACH’S ALPHA OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TEACHERS. 123 APPENDIX 9: CRONBACH’S ALPHA OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR LEARNERS. 124 APPENDIX 10: DETAILED DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TEACHERS IN EACH TYPES OF QUESTIONS 126 APPENDIX 11: DETAILED DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR LEARNERS IN EACH TYPES OF QUESTIONS 130 APPENDIX 12: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR TEACHERS OF THE PILOTING STUDY.
136 APPENDIX 13: QUESTIONNAIRES FOR TEACHERS OF THE PILOTING STUDY. 137 APPENDIX 14: QUESTIONNAIRES FOR LEARNERS OF THE PILOTING STUDY (ENGLISH VERSION). 143 APPENDIX 15: QUESTIONNAIRES FOR LEARNERS OF THE PILOTING STUDY (VIETNAMESE VERSION). 149 VIII APPENDIX 16: INTERVIEW ANSWERING SAMPLE OF THE PILOTING STUDY.
155 IX LIST OF TABLES Chapter 3: Table 3. 1: Cronbach's Alpha for the learners' questionnaire in piloting study. 2: Cronbach’s Alpha for the teachers’ questionnaire in piloting study. 3: Distribution of sample by age group and gender of learners.
4: Distribution of teachers’ information for answering the questionnaire. 5: Distribution of teachers’ information for answering the interview. 1: Teachers’ purposes of using gamification in teaching vocabulary. 2: The strengths of using gamification in teaching vocabulary.
3: The weaknesses of using gamification on teaching vocabulary. 4: Teachers’ recommendations about the use of gamification on teaching vocabulary. 5: Reliability statistics of the questionnaire for teachers. 6: Teachers’ report on the number of words teaching.
7: Stages of the teaching process teachers think it will help motivate learners' vocabulary learning. 8: Teachers frequency of use of gamification in teaching vocabulary. 9: The duration of time teachers use gamification in teaching vocabulary. 10: Teachers’ opinions about the impacts of gamification on the teaching and learning environment.
11: Learners' ability to acquire vocabulary when applying gamification from teachers’ viewpoints. 12: Learners' motivation when experiencing gamification from teachers’ viewpoints. 13: Reliability statistics of the questionnaire for learners. 14: Learner’s perception of the importance of vocabulary in language learning.
15: Learners’ opinions of desire to improve vocabulary knowledge. 16: Learners’ opinions of gamification enhances the learning experience. 17: Learners’ opinion of gamification enhances learning motivation. 18: Learners’ opinions of gamification helps to get better results.
19: Learners' opinions of using gamification in learning vocabulary. 20: Learners' opinions of gamification's prospect in learning vocabulary. 72 XI LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 2: Figure 2. 1: Thematic network of the study.
1: Teachers’ opinions of the importance of teaching vocabulary and learning. 2: Teachers’ opinions of the difficulties in teaching vocabulary. 3: Game elements using to teach vocabulary. 4: Learners’ ability to remember vocabulary after using gamification.
5: The effectiveness of gamification in teaching vocabulary from teachers’ viewpoints. 6: Learners’ opinions of the importance of vocabulary in language learning. 7: Factors that assess the importance of learning vocabulary. 8: The importance of gamification in vocabulary learning.
9: The lesson stages learners want to apply gamification in teaching vocabulary. 10: Learners’ opinions of gamification application’s frequency in classroom. 69 XII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 1. HCMC Ho Chi Minh City 2.
SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 3. VUS Vietnam USA Society English Centers 4. Dong Do Dong Do English Language Centers 5. CLT Communicative Language Teaching XIII CHAPTER 1.1 Background of the study Currently, the demand for Vietnamese people to learn English is increasing.
That is the inevitable consequence of international integration and cultural exchange. Our country is gradually asserting its position globally with a robustly growing economy and an attractive investment market. Every year, the number of foreigners coming to study and work in our country is increasing. Learning English helps learners develop and better understand people, cultures, and career development in the future.
To meet that demand, English teaching activities are also more and more diverse. In addition, there is much research on issues related to teaching English to learners. Currently, these studies focus mainly on teaching methods of English as a foreign language. Later, there are still many scientific conferences and research articles on many issues in this activity to enhance teaching and learning English more effectively.
When teaching English, vocabulary is one of the language system parts and has the primary importance in knowing a language. English is taught as the major subject in elementary and high schools. Similar to many other learners worldwide, young learners in Vietnam obtain new languages efficiently and easily, but they get bored and tired very quickly if the teacher is applying the old methods to teach them.