MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSTIY Nguyen thi thuy huyen USING GAMES IN TEACHING ENGLISH VOCABULARY: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE 1ST YEAR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT HOA LU UNIVERSITY SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN TESOL Hanoi December 2012 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSTIY Nguyen thi thuy huyen USING GAMES IN TEACHING ENGLISH VOCABULARY: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE 1ST YEAR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT HOA LU UNIVERSITY SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN TESOL Supervisor: nguyen van trao, Ph.D Hanoi December 2012 II STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I certify that the minor thesis entitled: “Using games in teaching English vocabulary: a quasi-experimental study on the 1st year non-English major students at Hoa Lu University” and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in TESOL is the result of my work, except where otherwise acknowledge, and that this minor thesis or any part of the same has not been submitted for higher degree to any other university or institution. The research reported in this thesis was approved by Hanoi University. Signed: Dated: I TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP. VII LIST OF TABLES .VIII LIST OF FIGURES.
IX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Background to the study and statement of the problem. Aims of the study and research questions. The research questions.
The scope of the study. The significance of the study. The overview of the thesis. 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.
Definition of vocabulary. What is involved in knowing a word. The importance of vocabulary in teaching and learning English. Games in language learning and teaching.
Definitions of games. Classifications of games. The advantages of using games in language teaching and learning18 2. Games provide active learner-centered learning.
Games motivate learners. Games promote learners’ interaction. Games improve learners’ language acquisition. Games increase learners’ achievement.
When to use games. Which games to use. Motivation in language learning and teaching. Definition of motivation.
Integrative and instrumental motivation. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Role of motivation in language learning and teaching. Subjects of the study and the textbook.
The students and the textbook. Data collection instruments. The independent variables. The dependent variables.
Data collection procedure. The experimental procedure. The teaching to the experimental class. The teaching to the control class.
The observation procedure. The questionnaire procedure. The test procedure. The pretest procedure.
The posttest procedure. Data analysis tools. T-test for test and observation result analysis. Thematic analysis for questionnaire result analysis.
49 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION. Analysis of the observation results. Analysis of the questionnaire results. The pre-questionnaire and part I of the post-questionnaire: The participants’ motivation in learning vocabulary.
Part II of the post-questionnaire: The participant’s attitudes towards vocabulary games. The participants’ feelings about vocabulary games. The participants’ belief on the effects of vocabulary games. The participants’ opinions about the use of vocabulary games in the future 57 4.
Analysis of the test results. Comparing the pretest results between the control and experimental classes. Comparing the results of pretest and posttests within class. Test results of the control class.
Test results of the experimental class. Comparing the posttest results between the control and experimental classes 64 4. Major findings and discussion. 66 CHAPTER 5: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION.
Recommendations on the application of vocabulary games. Limitations and recommendation for the futher studies. 79 APPENDIX 1: OBSERVATION SHEET. 79 APPENDIX 2A: PRE QUESTIONNAIRE (English).
81 APPENDIX 2B: PHIẾU KHẢO SÁT Ý KIẾN SINH VIÊN 1. 82 APPENDIX 3A: POST QUESTIONNAIRE (English). 83 APPENDIX 3B: PHIẾU KHẢO SÁT Ý KIẾN SINH VIÊN 2. 88 APPENDIX 5 : IMMEDIATE POSTTEST.
93 APPENDIX 6: OBSERVATION SHEET’S SCORE RESULT. 98 APPENDIX 7: PRE-QUESTIONNAIRE’S SCORE RESULT. 99 APPENDIX 8: POST-QUESTIONNAIRE’S SCORE RESULT. 100 APPENDIX 9: PRETEST AND POSTTEST RESULTS.
103 APPENDIX 10 : LESSON PLAN. 105 V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have been completed without the help, assistance and support of many people to whom I am indebted. First of all, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor, Nguyen Van Trao, Ph.D, for the wholehearted guidance he gave me while I was doing this research. I am truly grateful to him for his ideas, comments and instructions, as well as his constant support throughout my research.
I would like to thank all the lecturers who taught me during the post graduate course. They provided me with valuable knowledge in various aspects that I used to carried out my study. I am very thankful to the Examining Proposal Staff, the members of which gave me incisive comments, critical ideas and invaluable advice for my very first steps. I also would like to thank all the staff members of the Department of Post graduate study, Hanoi University for providing me best condition to fulfill my thesis.
I wish to express my deep gratitude and appreciation to the administrators of Hoa Lu University (HLU), my colleagues at Informatics and Foreign Languages Department for their constant support, co-operation, and encouragement while the study was in progress, especially Nguyen Thi Hong Tuyen, M.A who conducted the study with me as an observer. My sincere thanks go to the students of HLU who participated in my study and helped me with data collection for this study. My special thanks are also sent to Mr. Trinh Phuong Hong, a friend of mine, for helping me with SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 18.0 to analyze my data.
Finally, I owe my deep thanks to my dear family, specially my sister-in-law, my younger brother and friends who were always standing for me with love, help, consideration and encouragement. VI ABSTRACT It has been acknowledged that vocabulary plays an important role in language learning and teaching. Indeed, without good knowledge of vocabulary, people cannot communicate with each other successfully or get a satisfactory result in learning a foreign language. However, the students at HLU, located in Ninh Binh city, are often unsuccessful in learning vocabulary.
It is assumed that vocabulary revision technique in use, traditional practice exercises which are rather boring and ineffective, is one of the reasons for that problem. This thesis, thus, is a report of the research conducted to scrutinize reason(s) for the issue, with a focus on vocabulary practice techniques in use. Among a lot of different techniques which are recommended to use in vocabulary lessons, games are paid much attention to thanks to its useful characteristics. The study then aims at investigating the effectiveness of using games in teaching vocabulary.
To reach that aim, a quasi-experiment is carried out to compare the effectiveness of two common techniques in teaching vocabulary, namely, using games and traditional exercises for vocabulary practices. The subjects of the study are 50 1st year non-English major students from two classes at HLU. They are assigned into two classes: experimental and control ones in which games and traditional practice exercises are applied to them, respectively. The data collection instruments are questionnaires (pre- questionnaire, post questionnaire), observation, and tests (pretest, two posttests).
To analyse data, SPSS version 18. The results obtained from the analyzed data show that the use of games motivates students in vocabulary lessons and improves their vocabulary learning. VII LIST OF TABLES Table 1: What is involved in knowing a word (Nation 2001, p. 7 Table 2: Major aspects of vocabulary.
8 Table 3: The units taught in the study. 39 Table 4: The games used in the study. 41 Table 5: Independent sample t-test for observation’s results of two classes. 52 Table 6: Independent samples t-test for pretests of two classes.
58 Table 7: Paired samples t-test for pretest and immediate posttest of the control class. 60 Table 8: Paired samples t-test for immediate posttest and delayed posttest of. 61 Table 9: Paired samples t-test for pretest and immediate posttest of the experimental class. 62 Table 10: Paired samples t-test for immediate posttest and delayed posttest of the experimental class.
63 Table 11: Independent samples t-test for posttests of two classes. 64 VIII LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Observation sheet’s results. 51 Figure 2: The pre-questionnaire’s result. 53 Figure 3: The post-questionnaire’s result (part I).
53 Figure 4: General feelings about vocabulary games. 54 Figure 5: Feelings about the operation in vocabulary games. 55 Figure 6: Feelings about the competition in vocabulary games. 55 Figure 7: Belief on the effects of vocabulary games.
56 Figure 8: Opinions about the use of vocabulary games. 57 Figure 9: Pretest scores of two classes. 59 Figure 10: Test scores of the control class. 61 Figure 11: Test scores of the experimental class.
63 Figure 12: Immediate posttest scores of two classes. 65 Figure 13: Delayed posttest scores of two classes. 65 IX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CC: Control Class CLT: Comprehensive English Language Test DEC: Distance Education Center EC: Experimental Class EFL: English as foreign language HLU: Hoa Lu University L2: Second language SPSS: Statistical Package for Social Science TESOL: Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages X CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This chapter provides background to the study and statement of the problem, aims of the study and research questions, scope of the study, and significance of the study. It also outlines the thesis.
Background to the study and statement of the problem The trend of globalization in every field all over the world has given foreign languages in general and English in particular a greater role than ever before. This is the reason why English has become a compulsory subject in most of the colleges and universities in Vietnam. HLU is no exception, all of the 1st year non-English major students have to learn English during the two first terms. However, it is not easy for them to learn English well, especially vocabulary.
The importance of vocabulary is confirmed by a great number of scholars. Horwritz (1999), using her “Beliefs about Language Learning Inventory (BALLI)”, found that with respect to vocabulary learning, all groups of EFL students agreed that the important part of learning a language was learning vocabulary (agreement ranging from 42% to 79% of the subjects. The same claim has been reiterated in other widely recognized studies. For example, Wilkins (1972, p.
111) emphasized, “Without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed”.37) was consistent with Wilkins that, “Grammar provides the overall patterns, vocabulary the material to put in the patterns”. Or one cannot speak, understand, read or write a foreign language without knowing a lot of words. Vocabulary learning is at the heart of mastering a foreign language (Rubin & Thompson, 1994). Despite the acclaimed indispensable role of vocabulary in learning English, students at HLU are reported to encounter difficulties in learning vocabulary, especially memorizing and recalling the word meaning, pronunciation and spelling.
They may easily forget the words they have learnt or fail to use words in communicative situations. They cannot get words they learnt into long-term memory and retrieve them when necessary. Consequently, their lack of good vocabulary probably has negative 1 influences on their writing, reading, listening, and speaking proficiency. This has been the case at HLU, and lecturers have made attempts to improve this situation.
Using games in teaching vocabulary has been widely practiced around the world as a good solution to release students’ stress when learning vocabulary. Byrne (1980) gave the definition to games as a form of play governed by rules. They should be enjoyable and fun.