THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY JOHN MAVERICK SAYABOC DE LEON A VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TO FLOODING IN FLOOD PRONE AREAS: A CASE STUDY IN SELECTED THREE (3) BARANGAYS IN SANTA ROSA CITY, LAGUNA PROVINCE IN THE PHILIPPINES BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty: International Programs Office Batch: 2013-2017 Thai Nguyen, 2017 c DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name John Maverick S. De Leon Student ID DTN1454290054 Thesis Title A Vulnerability Assessment to flooding in flood prone areas: A case study in selected three (3) Barangays in Santa Rosa City, Laguna province in the Philippines Supervisor(s) 1. Tran Quoc Hung (Vietnam) Abstract: The Philippines is one of the typhoon-prone countries in the world. Twenty (20) or more typhoons strike the country in a year.
This calamity results in flood or flashflood in the Philippines. A vulnerability assessment is a must to the flood- prone areas in the Philippines to lessen the negative effects of flood to these areas as well as to the people living in them. A community-vulnerability assessment was conducted in three lakeshore barangays of Sta. Rosa City namely: barangay Aplaya, barangay Caingin and barangay Sinalhan.
This was done by conducting a survey to 50 residents in each of the three barangays and also to some city and barangay officials. The main objective of the study is to conduct a community-based vulnerability assessment to floods of the three barangays in the City of Santa Rosa along the shoreline of Laguna de Bay. This study generally aims to survey these communities with respect to their exposure, sensitivity, impacts and capability to adapt to floods. The other objectives of the study are determining the reasons why the three barangays are vulnerable to flood, determine the experiences, observations, and coping mechanisms of the residents in the three barangays during floods and extreme weather conditions, find out views of the residents of the three barangays on government intervention and implementation of policies during floods and extreme weather conditions, assess the vulnerability of these communities to flooding using the data gathered and recommend appropriate adaptation strategies to residents and mitigation policies to government officials to lessen the effects of flooding to these areas based on the assessment.
The results of the survey were used for the Physical Vulnerability Analysis and Socio-Economic Vulnerability Analysis. In conclusion, barangay Sinalhan is the most vulnerable among the three lakeshore barangays in the city of Santa Rosa based on the conducted Physical and Socio- Economic Vulnerability Analysis. Keywords: Vulnerability Assessment , Flooding Numbers of Pages Ninety-Six (96) pages Date of Submission November 2017 Signature of the Supervisor ii c ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am most grateful to my thesis supervisor, Prof. Damasa Macandog, Professor, Institute of Biological Science, University of the Philippines at Los Banos (UPLB) in the Philippines for her help, guidance, encouragement, and patience throughout the implementation of this research study.
Her valuable suggestions and criticism on my thesis topic and on the manuscript are greatly appreciated. Also, I am thankful to her for financing my research study during the data gathering process in the research sites. I would also like to thank my second thesis adviser in Vietnam, Assoc. Tran Quoc Hung, Dean, Faculty of Forestry, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF) in Vietnam for his utmost support, valuable advice and guidance on my research study.
I would like to acknowledge the assistance and support of several people during the course of my research study. Charles Gunay for his help and unending assistance during the process of data gathering in the three barangays in Santa Rosa City, Laguna. Also, for his help in providing references for the research study. Donald Luna, Ms.
Elena Eugenio, and Mr. Job Jonas Ruzgal for their help, giving valuable suggestions, and for providing references on my study. Ozzy Boy Nicopior and Ms. Anne Jellie Bacani for their advice, guidance and help in mapping the necessary GPS coordinates on my thesis.
I sincerely thank Ms. Amor Salandanan, City Environmental and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) Official for her help and advice on my research study. I would also like to thank Ms. Linda Creencia and Mr.
Eldrin Ramos, CENRO officials for their help and assistance for asking permits in conducting survey in the three barangay research sites in Santa Rosa City. I am also thankful to Mr. Lu and Mr. Mark Nino Villanueva from the City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office (CDRRMO), Mr.
Gary Abadines from the City Planning and Management Office, Mr. Bustamante from City Veterinarian Office, and Mr. Adduru from the Local Building Office for giving time to participate in the Key informant survey. I give special credit to Honorable Mayor Danilo Fernandez for agreeing and giving permission to gather necessary data in the three barangays in the City of Santa Rosa, Laguna Philippines.
I sincerely thank all the Barangay Secretary Mr. Benjamin Barairo from Barangay Caingin, Mr. Claros from Barangay Aplaya and Ms. Che Pacheco from Barangay Sinalhan for giving time to participate for the key informant survey and for granting my iii c request to conduct a household survey in each of the three barangays.
I am also thankful to the Barangay Officials who assisted and guided us while conducting the household survey. I also give special credit to the three honorable Barangay Captains in the three research sites for allowing us to conduct household survey in their barangay and for assigning some barangay officials to guide us during the survey. I would like to extend my gratitude to Ms. Susana Mutya, Ms.
Imelda Bautista, Ms. Lenny Ann De Leon, Ms. Roselyn Marcelo, Mr. Jonas Dungan, Ms.
Rosette Dela Torre, Ms. Jonalyn Suarez, Ms. Roselle Cabugason, and Ms. Ruby Thea Balao-as, for agreeing to be the survey enumerators and helped me in conducting the household survey.
I am also grateful to the 150 survey respondents from Barangay Caingin, Barangay Aplaya and Barangay Sinalhan for their hospitality and for allotting time to participate in the household survey. I am sincerely thankful to my grandmother, Perlina Howard for reading my manuscript and for helping and giving valuable suggestions on my study. I also give special credit to Dr. Zenaida Sumalde for teaching me to assign different codes to the gathered data and for giving valuable advices on my research study and Mr.
Nestor Parafina for helping and reading my manuscript. I wish to thank and acknowledge the help of Dr. Nerissa Torreta to find a supervisor for me. To my mother Lenny Ann De Leon, my grandmother Perlina Howard, my grandfather Bill Howard, my father Iric M.
De Leon, my two siblings Iris Anne De Leon and Phriya Nadine De Leon, my great grandmother Estrelita Dungan, my uncle Engr. Antonio Sayaboc Jr., my relatives, my best friends Rosette Princess Dela Torre and Rhonalyn P. Agupo and to my friends, I deeply appreciate and cherish your love, prayers, understanding and unending support in the completion and success of my thesis. Above all, to God Almighty, thank you for giving me inspiration and determination to finish my research study.
Also, for giving the right solutions to my problems I encountered during my study. JMSDL iv c TABLE OF CONTENTS: Title Page…………………………………. iii Table of Contents………………………………………….………… v List of Figures………………………………………………. ix List of Tables………………………………………………….…… xii List of Abbreviations……………………………………………….…… xiii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION………………………………………….1 Research Rationale and Background…………………….1 Background of the Study…………………………….2 Climate Change and its Effects…………………………………….3 Cause and Effects of Flooding…………………………………….4 Flooding in Santa Rosa City, Laguna Philippines………………….2 Significance of the study………………………….3 Objectives of the study…………………………….4 Research Questions and Hypotheses………………….5 Scope and Limitations……………………………………….6 Definition of Terms……………………………………….
6 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………….1 Background about Flooding……………………………………………….2 Community-based Vulnerability Assessment to Flooding…….3 Factors Affecting the Vulnerability of Communities…………………….1 Population Growth and Distribution…………………………….4 Related Studies in Vulnerability Assessment to Flooding………. 16 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY………………………………….1 Materials, Instruments and Sources of GPS Data………………….2 Materials, Instruments and GPS Data for Creating the Necessary Maps………………………………….1 Geographical Location Using ArcGIS 10. Location Map of Surveyed Areas Using ArcGIS 10.3 Flood Susceptibility Map and Population Flood Exposure Map Using ArcGIS 10.2 Time and Place of the Study…………………….3 The Research Design…………………………….4 Conduction of the Survey………………………………………….1 Determination of the Area to Survey…………………….2 Determination of Sample Size and Sampling……………….2 Key Informant Survey…………………………………… 26 3.3 Data Gathering Process………………………………….2 Key Informant Survey…………………….5 Organization and Analysis of Data……………………………….6 The Conceptual Framework of the study……………………………………. 29 CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………………… 31 4.1 Exposure to Flooding…………………….2 Location and Flood Susceptibility………………….2 Impacts of Flooding in the Barangay Sites…………………………….1 Highest Level and Duration of Flooding………………………… 35 4.2 Problems Encountered During Flooding Incidents………….3 Damage to Buildings…………………………………………….4 Damage to Building Contents……………………………….5 Impacts on Livelihood and Income………………………….6 Impacts on Human Life and Health…………………….3 Adaptive Capacity and Coping Mechanisms to Floods……………….1 Warning Strategies of the City officials and Barangay Officials………………………………….2 Forms of Local Government Assistance during and After Flood Events……………………………………………….3 Views of the Respondents on Local Government Intervention Before, During, and After Flood Events…………….4 Coping Mechanisms of the Surveyed Households…………….1 Physical Vulnerability Analysis……………………….1 Building Material Analysis…………………………….2 Effect of Height of Ground Floor and Distance from Lake…………………………………….3 Effect of Building Age and Number of Floors……….2 Socio-Economic Vulnerability Analysis………………………… 69 4.2 Livelihood and Period of Stay…………………….3 Size of Family and Gender……………………….4 Age, Educational Attainment and Ownership……….5 Calculation of Vulnerability Values/Scores………….5 Recommendations to the Local Government Based on the Results………………………………………….
77 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.1 Reasons for Flood Vulnerability………………….2 Impacts of Floods…………………………………………………………….3 Adaptive Capacity and Coping Mechanisms……………………………….4 Views on Government Intervention Before, During, and After Flood Events………………………….6 Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Recommendations for Flood Hazards…………………………………………….7 Recommendations for future studies………………………………………….…… 97 viii c LIST OF FIGURES: FIGURES: PAGE: Figure 1: The Geographical Location Map of the three barangay research sites (Barangay Sinalhan, Aplaya, and Caingin) in the City of Santa Rosa in Laguna Philippines………………………………. 4 Figure 2: Location Map of the Surveyed Areas in the three barangay research sites…………………………………………………………. 22 Figure 3: Flood Susceptibility Map of the Three Barangay Research Sites………………………………………………………. 23 Figure 4: The Population Flood Exposure Map of the Surveyed Areas in the Three Barangay Research Sites……………………….
23 Figure 5: City of Sta. Rosa Flash Flood Areas and Submerged Barangays Map (Source: City Planning and Development Office)… …………. 25 Figure 6: Left to Right Top Row. The Survey Team Members in Action in barangays (6a) Aplaya, (6b) Caingin, and (6c) Sinalhan.
Photos of the (6d) CDRRMO and (6e) CPDO. Left to Right Bottom Row. Photos of (6f) City Veterinarian Office and (6g) Local Building Office. The researcher with the officials of barangays (6h) Aplaya, (6i) Caingin, and (6j) Sinalhan…………………………….
28 Figure 7: Conceptual Framework of the study…………………………………. 30 Figure 8: Location Map and Flood Susceptibility Map of the Three Barangay Sites………………………………………………………………………………. 33 Figure 9: Percentage of the Total Area of Flood Susceptibility Zones in (a) Caingin, (b) Aplaya and (c) Sinalhan……………………………………………. 34 Figure 10: (a) The Highest Flood Water-Level Experienced in Previous Years.
(b) Flood Duration of the Highest Flood Water-Level Experienced in Previous Years………………………………. 35 Figure 11: Problems Encountered by the Respondents During and After a Flooding Incident. 37 Figure 12: Damage to Houses of the Respondents After a Flood in the Barangay Sites. 39 Figure 13: Damages of Loss of Building Contents: (a) Appliances.
40 Figure 14: Impact of Floods on Livelihood of the Respondents: (a) General Effects on Income and Livelihood; (b) Effect on Income (PhP) Due to Flooding; (c) Effects on Ability to Work During and After Flooding…………………………………………………………………………. 42 Figure 15: Awareness of the Respondents on an impending flooding event. 45 Figure 16: Government Actions/Intervention Done by the Local Government Units Felt/Experienced by the Respondents of the Three Barangay Sites. 51 ix c Figure 17: Views of the Respondents on Government Intervention Before, During, and After Floods.
52 Figure 18: Coping Mechanisms of Respondents With Respect to the Safety and Well-Being of Their Household Members………………………………………. 52 Figure 19: Coping Mechanisms of Respondents in Securing Their House Building and Contents…………………………………………………………… 53 Figure 20: Availability of Insurances of the Surveyed Households in the Barangays.