VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES BA THESIS A STUDY ON THE VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY FIRST-YEAR ENGLISH-MAJORED STUDENTS AT VNUA NGHIÊN CỨU NHỮNG CHIẾN LƯỢC HỌC TỪ VỰNG ĐƯỢC SINH VIÊN NĂM THỨ NHẤT NGÀNH NGÔN NGỮ ANH SỬ DỤNG TẠI VNUA Student : PHAM DUY SON Student code : 621254 Major : ENGLISH Supervisor : NGUYEN THI KIM QUE Hanoi – 2021 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled “A study on vocabulary learning strategies employed by first-year English-majored students at Vietnam National University of Agriculture” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor in English Language. Except where the reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis. Hanoi, 2021 Pham Duy Son Approved by SUPERVISOR (Signature and full name) Date:…………………… i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY. i TABLE OF CONTENTS.
v LIST OF ABBREVIATION. vi LIST OF TABLES. vii Part 1: INTRODUCTION. RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY. SCOPE OF THE STUDY. DESIGN OF THE STUDY. 3 Part II: DEVELOPMENT.
5 Chapter 1: LITERATURE REVIEW. REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS STUDIES. Review of the previous study at home. Review of the previous study abroad.
REVIEW OF THEORETICAL BACKGROUND. Statement of theoretical framework chosen. Definition and importance of vocabulary. Definitions of Language Learning Strategies.
Classifications of Language Learning Strategies. Definitions of Vocabulary Learning Strategies. Classifications of Vocabulary Learning Strategies. Data collection instruments.
Data collecting procedures. 23 Chapter 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION. THE MOST AND LEAST FREQUENTLY USED VLSs. DICTIONARY STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY PARTICIPANTS.
MEMORY STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY PARTICIPANTS. GUESSING STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY PARTICIPANTS. NOTE-TAKING STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY PARTICIPANTS. SELECTIVE AND METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY PARTICIPANTS.
Limitation of the study. Suggestions for further study. 43 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people have been of great help and I want to express my sincere gratitude to them. Que, my personal instructor, who took care of me from the very first day, gave me advantageous advice, corrected me even just a tiny detail.
I wish to express grateful thanks for her advice and counsel. I cannot fully express my gratitude to Ms. Lam, an exceptional instructor, enthusiast lecturer I have ever known. Thank you for your generosity, faith, and superb guidance.
I could never have done this report without the eager cooperation and skilled work of my friend, Hanh Nguyen. Her suggestions, too, have always been valuable. And finally, I would like to express my sincere to my parents, who always give me the ultimate support, become my motivation so that I can conduct this study. To these and all quoted in this study, I extend grateful thanks.
iv ABSTRACT Vocabulary plays an vital role in acquiring a language, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. Vocabulary is one of the three elements of language, the building material and the basic of language. Encountering vast amount new words to learn, it is necessary to investigate vocabulary learning strategies. This study aims to investigate the use and preference of these strategies among the students at Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA).
Firstly it introduces the importance of vocabulary. Secondly it gives definition and classifications about the vocabulary learning strategies. Thirdly it discovers the vocabulary learning strategies used by first-year English-majored students at VNUA. It is hoped that this paper can offer some help for students’s English vocabulary learning and improve students’ interest in learning vocabulary.
The research method approach of the study was quantitative method with the main data collection instrument was a questionnaire adapted from Seddigh and Shokrpour (2012). The results show that the metacognitive and dictionary strategies were preferred most by the participants whereas the least used strategies were note-taking and selective strategies. The findings of this study led to some suggestions to enrich English-majored students’ vocabulary learning. v LIST OF ABBREVIATION LLSs Language Learning Strategies M Mean SD Standard Deviation VLSs Vocabulary Learning Strategies VNUA Vietnam National University of Agriculture vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Rubin’s Language Learning Strategy System (Rubin, 1975, p.
12 Table 2: Oxford’s Language Learning Strategy System (Oxford, 1990, p. 13 Table 3: O’Malley and Chamot’s Language Learning Strategy System (O’Malley and Chamot, 1990). 14 Table 4: A Taxonomy of Vocabulary Learning Strategies (Schmitt, 1997). 18 Table 5: Frequency of Strategy groups used by English-majored students (K65).
25 Table 6: Most frequently used vocabulary learning strategies. 26 Table 7: Least frequently used vocabulary learning strategies. 26 Table 8: Dictionary strategies employed by participants. 27 Table 9: Memory strategies employed by participants.
28 Table 10: Guessing strategies employed by participants. 29 Table 11: Note-taking strategies employed by participants. 30 Table 12: Selective strategies employed by participants. 31 Table 13: Metacognitive strategies employed by participants.
31 vii Part 1: INTRODUCTION 1. RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY According to David Crystal (2006), English is the official language of more than 53 countries and territories, the second language of nearly 100 countries, and a common language of over 400 million people in the world. In the era of Industry 4.0, many industries are using English, such as media, healthcare, tourism, commerce, etc. In most of the forums, meetings, and workshops in the world, despite the fact that there are many people from different parts of the world where English is not their first language, they are still able to communicate with each other thanks to this international language.
English is the ticket, the key to open the door connecting to the modern world, connecting to people from all around the globe, and indispensable for anyone wishing to prove themselves in nowadays globalization era. It is undeniable that with the full equipment in both knowledge and communication skills, English proficient people can quickly integrate into a multicultural environment and have better performance. The English learners aim for four skills (Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing). Nonetheless, learning English or mastery of the four skills is like playing the jigsaw puzzle, vocabulary is the pieces of the puzzle, and without it, nothing can be created.
Learners who want to master English must accumulate a lot of vocabulary; nevertheless, numerous English learners do not have a rich vocabulary as a result of not having an effective study strategy. No one can deny the fact that vocabulary plays an important role when it comes to learning and using English. Its importance is emphasized by Wilkins (1972): "without grammar, very little can be conveyed; without vocabulary, nothing can be 1 conveyed". Moreover, vocabulary helps learners understand the information imparted by others when communicating or when learning English.
Learning and improving the foreign language, especially English, is highly essential for English-majored students at the Vietnam National University of Agricultural (VNUA) as this is their major. Furthermore, the English-majored students' level must be at least C1 (The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) in order to meet the graduation requirements. Unlike high school education, university education has a tremendous amount of knowledge. However, due to the strict curriculum in university, lecturers do not have enough time to introduce all the new words to the students.
Hence, the learning vocabulary relies on the self-studying process at home. On the other hand, students believe that learning a new word is to memorize the spelling and the meaning of that word. Thus, it is common to find that students often suffer from acquiring and producing language as a result of their insufficient vocabulary knowledge. It seems that by virtue of a massive difference in terms of learning between high school and university, without a suitable learning vocabulary strategy, a large number of English-majored first- year students (K65) at VNUA can be overwhelmed and faced several challenges.
In order to bring a comprehensive picture of the English vocabulary learning of university students, further research on this issue is needed. This paper intends to study the current VLSs employed by first-year English-majored students and proposing ways to use VLSs more effectively. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY This study was mainly about trying to understand the VLSs employed by first-year English-majored students at VNUA. The objectives of the study were to find out the VLSs used by the first- year English-majored students at VNUA and to suggest some useful strategies for English-majored students to enrich their vocabulary.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS The following research questions have been developed to enable the researchers to achieve the objectives of the study: Research question 1: What strategies are used by first-year English- majored students at VNUA to learn vocabulary? Research question 2: What strategies should be recommended to English- majored students at VNUA? 1. SCOPE OF THE STUDY The subject of the study was the VLSs employed by first-year English- majored students at VNUA, and the study's objects were the English vocabulary learning activities of first-year English-majored students at VNUA. There were 138 English-majored (K65) students participating in the research. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study mainly focuses on the research of current VLSs in order to come up with appropriate strategies to hone the vocabulary learning quality of English-majored students (in general and first-year English-majored students in particular).
DESIGN OF THE STUDY Besides the abstracts, references & appendices, the study consists of three main chapters: 3 The introduction provides the rationale of the study, the aims and objectives of the study, research questions, the scope as well as significance of the study. Chapter 1 describes the review of related literature on vocabulary learning strategies. This chapter summarizes how vocabulary learning strategies are defined and classified by different researchers. Chapter 2 mainly deals with the methodology used in the research including quantitative research, setting, data collection instruments, data collecting procedures, and the data analysis instruments.
Chapter 3 demonstrates and discusses the results of the research in terms of students' overall strategy use, frequency of use of strategies reported by 138 first-year English-majored students (K65) at VNUA. The conclusion summarizes the major findings of the study and proposes suggestions for further studies. 4 Part II: DEVELOPMENT Chapter 1: LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter mainly concentrates on the review of related literature concerning VLSs. It starts with several concise reviews of related literature and research works conducted by both Vietnamese and others.
This is followed by how the previous scholars define and classify VLSs. REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS STUDIES 1. Review of the previous study at home In “Vocabulary learning strategies employed by students at Hung Vuong Gifted High School” written by Đinh Thụy Hằng, ULIS; 2008, Dinh (2008) analyzes the VLSs generally used by the students at Hung Vuong Gifted High School and the differences in VLSs by genders. The statistics showed that most of the strategies were not used with high frequency.
The data also pointed out the participants used determination strategies more often than memory, cognitive, metacognitive, and social strategies. Regarding the impact of genders on the choice of VLSs, Dinh finds out that the difference between males and females in the use of VLSs was not significant. Tran (2012) investigates the frequency of VLSs are used by students at the University of Da Nang. She finds that because students are used to the traditional learning technique, students realize that they only need to repeat or write the word constantly in order to memorize that word.
However, it is likely that very few words you can obtain and remember through this way of learning, we can see that this strategy is not efficient. In her study, Tran also indicates the inappropriate use of VLSs of the students and the lack of linking vocabulary with reality.