MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY THE PERCEPTIONS OF EFL OFFICE WORKERS REGARDING THE USE OF SMARTPHONES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for The Degree of Master of Arts (TESOL) Submitted by NGUYỄN ĐẮC TRUNG DŨNG Supervisor: Đặng Tấn Tín, PhD Ho Chi Minh City, 2021 Tai Lieu Chat Luong MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY OPEN UNIVERSITY THE PERCEPTIONS OF EFL OFFICE WORKERS REGARDING THE USE OF SMARTPHONES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING Major: Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) Code: 8 14 01 11 MASTER OF ARTS IN TESOL Supervisor: Đặng Tấn Tín, PhD Ho Chi Minh City, 2021 STATEMENT OF AUTHORITY I certify my authorship of the Master Thesis submitted entitled: THE PERCEPTIONS OF EFL OFFICE WORKERS REGARDING THE USE OF SMARTPHONES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING. In terms of the statement of requirements for Thesis in Master of TESOL program issued by Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Graduate School. Ho Chi Minh, ___ 2021 NGUYỄN ĐẮC TRUNG DŨNG i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Dr. Đặng Tấn Tín for the full support and guidance, informative feedback, and patience to me.
My special thanks also go to all the participants in the survey who contribute significantly to the research and managers of OPSWAT Vietnam, Luxoft Vietnam, Hitachi Vantara, KMS, and other IT companies for support during my survey conduction. I am greatly indebted to my family, my lecturers and program manager at Ho Chi Minh City Open University, who supported and encouraged me to complete this thesis. One again, thank you for all your supports and contributions. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
ii TABLE OF CONTENTS .iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. vi LIST OF TERMINOLOGY. vii LIST OF TABLES .viii LIST OF FIGURES. xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.
Background to the study. Statement of the problem. Aims and objectives of the study. Scope of the study.
Significance of the study. Organization of the thesis. 6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW. Definition of research terms.
Smartphones facilitate learning and language learning. Impact of using smartphones on EFL learners. Summary of previous studies. 14 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .5 Pilot the instrument .6 Data collection procedures.
Data analysis procedures. Validity and reliability. 23 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .2 Results of Research Question 1 .3 Results of Research Question 2 .2 Findings and Conclusion .4 Limitations and Suggestions for further research .1 Limitations of the study .2 Suggestions for further research. 64 APPENDIX 3_THE RESULT OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH.
71 Test of normal distribution. 71 Frequencies statistic by English skills. 88 v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ANOVA ANalysis Of VAriance CALL Computer Assisted Language Learning CRA Cronbach’s Alpha index EFL English as a Foreign Language EPI English Proficiency Index IELTS The International English Language Testing System IT Information Technology MALL Mobile Assisted Language Learning QA Quality Assurance SPALL Smartphone Assisted Language Learning SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences TOEFL Test of English as a Foreign Language TOEIC The Test of English for International Communication m-learning Mobile learning CEFR Common European Framework of Reference for Languages IoT Internet of Things vi LIST OF TERMINOLOGY QA Engineers Quality Assurance engineers who are working in IT field and responsible for assessing the quality of software applications including specifications and technical design documents in order to ensure timely, relevant and meaningful feedback. EFL Office Workers EFL learners who are employees working in IT field.
iOS A mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. exclusively for its hardware 3G, 4G The third and fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Summary of data collection procedures. 21 Table 2 Summary of surveyed sampling. 24 Table 3 Summary of final sampling.
26 Table 4 Descriptives Statistic of Positive impact of smartphone in learning English. 28 Table 5 Descriptives Statistic of Negative impact of smartphones in learning English. 30 Table 6 Descriptives Statistic of the perceptions of English language skills enhancement. 33 Table 7 Cronbach’s Alpha of Positive and Negative impact of using smartphones to learn English.
34 Table 8 The result of Cronbach’s Alpha after eliminating variables. 35 Table 9 Other perceptions from EFL learners through smartphones. 37 Table 10 Cronbach’s Alpha of Skills. 39 Table 11 SK01- The smartphones can help me to improve my English listening skills.
39 Table 12 SK02- The smartphone can help me to improve my English speaking skills.40 Table 13 SK03- The smartphones can help me to improve my English reading skills. 40 Table 14 SK04- The smartphones can help me to improve my English writing skills. 41 Table 15 Group Statistics. 42 Table 16 Independent Samples T-Test.
42 Table 17 Test of Homogeneity of Variance Positive Impact (by Age). 42 Table 18 The result of ANOVA (by Age). 43 Table 19 Descriptive Statistics of Positive Impact (by English proficiency level). 43 Table 20 Test of Homogeneity of Variance Positive Impact (by English level).
44 Table 21 Results of in-depth analysis of ANOVA (by English level). 44 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Summary of previous studies. 13 Figure 2 Mean of Positive impact by English level. 45 Figure 3 Test of normal distribution variable VO01.
71 Figure 4 Test of normal distribution variable VO02. 71 Figure 5 Test of normal distribution variable VO03. 72 Figure 6 Test of normal distribution variable VO04. 72 Figure 7 Test of normal distribution variable TR01.
73 Figure 8 Test of normal distribution variable TR02. 73 Figure 9 Test of normal distribution variable TR04. 74 Figure 10 Test of normal distribution variable TR05. 74 Figure 11 Test of normal distribution variable PE01.
75 Figure 12 Test of normal distribution variable PE02. 75 Figure 13 Test of normal distribution variable PE03. 76 Figure 14 Test of normal distribution variable PE04. 76 Figure 15 Test of normal distribution variable PE05.
77 Figure 16 Test of normal distribution variable PE06. 77 Figure 17 Test of normal distribution variable PE07. 78 Figure 18 Test of normal distribution variable PE09. 78 Figure 19 Test of normal distribution variable PE01.
79 Figure 20 Test of normal distribution variable PE11. 79 Figure 21 Test of normal distribution variable PE12. 80 Figure 22 Test of normal distribution variable PE13. 80 Figure 23 Test of normal distribution variable PE14.
81 Figure 24 Test of normal distribution variable LI01. 81 Figure 25 Test of normal distribution variable LI02. 82 Figure 26 Test of normal distribution variable LI03. 82 Figure 27 Test of normal distribution variable LI04.
83 Figure 28 Test of normal distribution variable LI05. 83 Figure 29 Test of normal distribution variable LI06. 84 ix Figure 30 Test of normal distribution variable LI07. 84 Figure 31 Test of normal distribution variable LI08.
85 Figure 32 Test of normal distribution variable LI10. 85 Figure 33 Test of normal distribution variable SK01. 86 Figure 34 Test of normal distribution variable SK02. 86 Figure 35 Test of normal distribution variable SK03.
87 Figure 36 Test of normal distribution variable SK04. 87 Figure 37 SK01_The smartphone can help me to improve my English listening skills. 88 Figure 38 SK02_The smartphone can help me to improve my English speaking skills. 88 Figure 39 SK03_The smartphone can help me to improve my English reading skills.
89 Figure 40 SK04_The smartphone can help me to improve my English writing skill. 89 x ABSTRACT Internationalization and global integration are the general trends of economic development in the world and forming an international labor division. For Vietnam, the integration into the world and the regional economy is an urgent need (Mui, 2020). To be able to immerse in the new trend, English language is one of the most effective tools in general.
For the sake of English, working people in global companies can get more opportunities in career development. With the rapid technology and portable devices development, a huge number of English learning platforms or applications and websites have been developed, more authentic contents have been published online. All these helped EFL learners improve their English effectively without spending for the traditional learning approach like going the training center or English class. In this study, the researcher explored the perceptions of EFL learners who are working in IT field in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam regarding the use of smartphones in learning English.
The research instrument was questionnaire conducted quantitatively. The questionnaire was administered to 416 employees from 23 IT groups (22 IT companies and 1 IT freelancer group). The research results exposed the impacts of using smartphones in learning English towards the office workers’ perceptions both positively and negatively as well to promote learners’ autonomous learning. In more details, among the four main English language skills, reading and listening are considered to bring more efficiency to learners.
Besides, learners with poor and average English proficiency perceive less impact of using smartphones in learning English than the ones with very good English proficiency. Although it’s still unclear that smartphones can help EFL learners improve the communication skills, learning English via using smartphones help enrich their vocabulary, improve their pronunciation or spelling. Moreover, EFL learners can facilitate the smartphones use in learning English with some other benefits e. translation, new words lookup, authentic content access in the internet.
There also remains the limitation that smartphones are not able to replace the interaction-based approach e. easily getting distracted by relaxing programs, communication breakdown due to lacking guideline, health issues, cause of poor performance in the exam. xi Key words: EFL learners, English teaching, Mobile Applications, Perception, IT environment xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This chapter first presents the background and statement of the problem to the study. Aims and objectives are highlighted and then two research questions are introduced for the study.
Scope and significance of the study will also be introduced. Finally, the outline of the thesis is presented to facilitate the readers. Background to the study The rapid technology development and devices together with their integration have led to significant changes in all life dimensions, especially smartphones. People have utilized smartphones for different objectives and reasons.
In education, smartphones also have contributed much in English foreign language (EFL) learning (Reinders, 2010). Notably, the number of smartphones has significantly increased every year in the world. An article in yesterday’s New York Times observes that, with the number of mobile subscriptions exceeding five billion, more people today have access to a cell phone than to a clean toilet (Devarajan, 2010). This proves the more important role of smartphones to people and also brings the large volume of information, authentic content or helpful channels to English language learners via the internet than ever before.
Smartphones usage offers learners great opportunity to learn and discuss together easily although they are physically apart (Taleb & Sohrabi, 2012). As EFL learners in the world tend to use smartphones more for their English learning, MALL (mobile assisted language learning) as a subdivision of CALL (computer-assisted language learning) is applied more in education worldwide (Kukulska-Hulme, 2008). Kukulska-Hulme (2009) pointed out that MALL has led to the awareness that smartphones establish a bridge from the formal acquisition of knowledge of the classroom environment to informal acquisition of learning outside the classroom. Primarily, smartphones that include smart teaching applications such as smart-word placed on Android or iOS platforms may provide learners with an opportunity in terms of learning ubiquitously expressed.
The 3G and 4G generations of smartphones also offer multiple features that motivate the learners’ enjoyment and activate their inner-drives to satisfy daily needs (Claudill, 2007).