VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES HOÀNG THỊ QUỲNH IMPROVING ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL OF 4TH GRADERS BY USING READERS THEATER: AN ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT AT AN ENGLISH CENTER IN YÊN BÁI Cải thiện kỹ năng nói tiếng Anh của học sinh lớp 4 bằng việc sử dụng hoạt động đọc truyện biểu diễn : Nghiên cứu cải tiến sư phạm tại một trung tâm Anh ngữ ở Yên Bái MA. MINOR THESIS Major: English Teaching Methodology Code : 8140231.01 HÀ NỘI – 2018 i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES HOÀNG THỊ QUỲNH IMPROVING ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL OF 4TH GRADERS BY USING READERS THEATER: AN ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT AT AN ENGLISH CENTER IN YÊN BÁI Cải thiện kỹ năng nói tiếng Anh của học sinh lớp 4 bằng việc sử dụng hoạt động đọc truyện biểu diễn : Nghiên cứu cải tiến sư phạm tại một trung tâm Anh ngữ ở Yên Bái MA. MINOR THESIS Major : English Teaching Methodology Code : 8140231. Lâm Quang Đông .PhD HÀ NỘI – 2018 ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT One very popular problem in English speaking classrooms is the lack of chances for students to practice speaking in a meaningful context. Students‟ practice may be considered the crucial element that helps them achieve success in learning speaking, but many learners may tend to avoid practicing speaking in class. Improving oral proficiency in EFL classroom and creating an enjoyable learning atmosphere have long been the major goals for most EFL instructors. One effective approach in teaching speaking skill which may help to provide students with opportunities in practicing speaking English is the use of a drama technique called Readers Theater (RT). RT is a presentational performance when the “actors” first read a story before transforming it into a script involving several characters; then they use their voice, facial expressions and gestures to portray those characters. All the actors keep looking at the script during the performance and there is no need to memorize the script. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to uncover how RT improves speaking skill among the students at a center in Yen Bai. The second was to find out more information on students‟ attitudes towards the practice of RT in their speaking class, the disadvantages, if any, that students may encounter besides its advantages. Generally, the study aims to see how RT works with this group of students in a local Vietnamese context. The research was conducted with 16 fourth-graders in an English center in Yen Bai. Using the design of Classroom Action Research, this study followed the steps of reconnaissance, planning, action and observation, reflection, and data analysis. The data were obtained through classroom observation, questionnaire survey and tests. The findings of the research suggested that using RT in the language classroom benefit students‟ learning in different ways. Students‟ speaking skill was improved both in linguistic and paralinguistic features. Students also have positive attitudes toward the use of RT in class. I therefore recommend RT as an effective technique in helping students in the process of improving their speaking proficiency. iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it are my own and have been generated by me as the result of my own original research. I confirm that: This work was done wholly while I am in candidature for a Master degree at this University; This thesis has never been submitted partially or wholly for a degree or any other qualification at this University or any other institution; Where I have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed; Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given. With the exception of such quotations, this thesis is entirely my own work; I have acknowledged all main sources of help; Where the thesis is based on work done by myself jointly with others, I have made clear exactly what was done by others and what I have contributed myself. I am fully aware that should this declaration be found to be false, disciplinary action could be taken and penalties imposed in accordance with University policy and rules. Hanoi, 2018 Author iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I would like to thank Assoc. Lâm Quang Đông for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the writing of this thesis. Without his help, I would have never been able to finish this thesis. I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to all my lecturers at the Faculty of Post-graduate Studies, University of Languages and International Studies for their valuable lectures which have helped me a great deal in gaining a lot of theoretical as well as practical knowledge. My special thanks go to the manager and teachers at Yen Bai center for Foreign Languages and Informatics in general and 16 grade-4 students in particular. I am grateful to them for their cooperation during the period of my research. Finally, I would also like to express my deep gratitude and love to my devoted parents, my brother, my husband and my friends who gave me time and encouraged me to complete this study. v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CONTENTS ABSTRACT . i DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP . 1 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES . 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . Organization of the Thesis . 8 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW. Definition of Speaking . Micro- and Macro-Speaking Skills . Advantages of Readers Theater in Teaching and Learning Speaking Skill . How is Readers Theater Applied and Studied around the World? . How is Readers Theater Applied and Studied in Vietnam? . Theoretical Support for this Study . Data Collection Techniques and Instruments . 21 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. The Situation Prior to the Research . 29 CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION . Readers Theater and the Improvement of Students‟ Speaking . Improvement of Speaking through Observation . Improvement of Speaking through Tests . Students‟ Responses toward the Implementation of Readers Theater in Speaking Classes . Some Cautions Concerning Readers Theater Application in Speaking Classes . Limitations and Suggestions for Further Research . 50 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1: Situation Prior to the Research . 29 Table 2: Scores of pre-test, post-test 1 and post-test 2 . 39 Figure 2: Cyclical Action Research Model (S. 26 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS EFL English as a Foreign Language ESL English as a Second Language RQ Research Question RT Readers Theater 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Rationale In order to master any language, learners have to practice all 4 skills, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing. As Rivers (2002) argues, speaking is used twice as much as reading and writing in our communication. Therefore, developing learners‟ speaking skill is of vital importance in language programs in general, and EFL/ESL programs in particular. Richard and Renandya (2002) also believe that speaking is one of the central elements of communication in EFL teaching. It is a skill that needs special attention and instruction. However, to many students, speaking seems to be the most challenging skill to develop. Brown and Lee (2015) state that learning to speak a foreign language is often considered one of the most difficult for students to learn. When learning speaking, learners are expected to be competent in using various language elements such as vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation, amongst others, and it is so important to activate these elements in the process of teaching/learning. There are many factors that may affect students‟ performance, for instance, the lack of opportunities to practice speaking in meaningful contexts. Besides, class size and mixed ability class also reduce general learners‟ motivation in acquiring EFL speaking skill. The students at an English center in Yen Bai, where the author is working, are no exception. They experience different problems with regards to speaking. Firstly, from my own observation, lack of students‟ speaking proficiency is the problem. Their vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation are low, which make them unable to speak up during the speaking class. In language teaching class, students rarely answer the questions given by the teacher orally. It also takes them quite some time to produce an answer because they speak with a lot of pauses and they get difficulties in finding appropriate words to express their ideas. The next problem is that students have low motivation in learning speaking. They have little chance to use English in their daily life and speaking activities for students to practice in class are also limited and boring. Furthermore, a number of techniques and strategies used in speaking classes at the center are not effective in supporting students‟ improvement in communication in the target language. Activities in speaking classes are generally routines, while, as stated by Brown and Lee (2015, p. 48), “routine activities in learning can make students bored. As a result, their motivation and participation in learning will decrease”. Learning activities become monotonous and less challenging. Therefore, students are not enthusiastic and interested in joining speaking activities. 5 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Another problem is that students often lack confidence in speaking English. They tend to be passive in speaking lessons. They are shy when using the target language in front of their teacher, and their mates. Students are also afraid of making mistakes and being laughed at by their friends when they speak English. Consequently, students usually avoid using English in class and prefer using their native language when answering questions or working in pairs or groups with their mates and their teacher. This has been confirmed by many researchers: Psychological factors such as anxiety or shyness, lack of confidence, lack of motivation, and fear of mistakes commonly hinder students from speaking (Nunan, 1999; Sato, 2003; Thornbury, 2011). One more problem that affects students‟ speaking skill improvement is the lack of authentic input and output (Zhang, 2009) in which students can apply the language elements they have learnt meaningfully. Students rarely have opportunities to practice the target language beyond the classroom; they often learn monotonously in speaking lessons, with the traditional method focusing mainly on listening and repeating language elements. The lack of application is the main reason why not a small number of students can get very high scores at exam, but cannot use their English in real life situations. One possible solution to such problems comes from teachers who play a crucial role in creating opportunities for students to practice speaking skill. Such chances can be created by applying various methods, including discussion, drama, role play, information gap, simulations, etc. Among those alternatives, Readers Theater (henceforth RT) activity seems to be one of students‟ favorite. RT is a drama technique that is suitable for students at all levels because actors can play the story they have read without having to memorize the scripts. RT creates opportunities for students to take part in practice activities as active participants rather than passive ones. According to Thornburry (2011), speaking activities involving drama elements provide a useful catalyst for real-life language use because learners take an imaginative leap beyond classroom boundaries. RT is expected to help improve students‟ enthusiasm in practicing speaking in class and solve several students‟ problems in learning speaking. However, RT seems to be new in the country, so the author would like to carry out an action research using RT in the classroom of the English center where the author is teaching to improve students‟ speaking competence.
Cải thiện kỹ năng nói tiếng Anh cho học sinh lớp 4 bằng hoạt động đọc truyện biểu diễn
Luận văn thạc sĩ VNU ULIS nghiên cứu cải thiện kỹ năng nói tiếng Anh cho học sinh lớp 4 qua phương pháp Readers Theater tại Yên Bái.
Trường đại học
Vietnam National University, Hanoi University Of Foreign Languages And International StudiesChuyên ngành
English Teaching MethodologyNgười đăng
Ẩn danhThể loại
Minor ThesisPhí lưu trữ
30 PointMục lục chi tiết
THÔNG TIN CHI TIẾT
Tác giả: Hoàng Thị Quỳnh
Người hướng dẫn: Assoc. Lâm Quang Đông .PhD
Trường học: Vietnam National University, Hanoi University Of Foreign Languages And International Studies
Chuyên ngành: English Teaching Methodology
Đề tài: Improving English Speaking Skill Of 4th Graders By Using Readers Theater: An Action Research Project At An English Center In Yên Bái / Cải thiện kỹ năng nói tiếng Anh của học sinh lớp 4 bằng việc sử dụng hoạt động đọc truyện biểu diễn : Nghiên cứu cải tiến sư phạm tại một trung tâm Anh ngữ ở Yên Bái
Loại tài liệu: Minor Thesis
Năm xuất bản: 2018
Địa điểm: Hà Nội
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