VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ----cx Ll) s0---- TRAN THI THUY USING ROLE-PLAY ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE SPEAKING SKILLS IN ESP FOR POST CLERK AT PT & IT HIGHLAND SECONDARY SCHOOL, THAI NGUYEN. Sw dụng hoạt động đóng vai nhằm cải thiện kỹ năng nói trong môn tiếng Anh chuyên ngành cho giao dịch viên bưu điện tại trường trung học M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Language Teaching Methodology Code: 601410 HA NOI, 2013 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ----cx Ll) s0---- TRAN THI THUY USING ROLE-PLAY ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE SPEAKING SKILLS IN ESP FOR POST CLERK AT PT & IT HIGHLAND SECONDARY SCHOOL, THAI NGUYEN. Sw dụng hoạt động đóng vai nhằm cải thiện kỹ năng nói trong môn tiếng Anh chuyên ngành cho giao dịch viên bưu điện tại trường trung học M.A MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Language Teaching Methodology Code: 60 14 10 Supervisor: Assoc. Vo Dai Quang HA NOI, 2013 STATEMENT OF THESIS ORIGINALITY 1 Tran Thi Thuy, K20D, declare that this thesis is the result of my own research and that the substance of the thesis has not, wholly or in part, been submitted for a degree to any other university or institution.
Signature Tran Thi Thuy il ACKNOWLEDEMENTS The largest debt of all is to my supervisor, Assoc. Vo Dai Quang, who has given me much invaluable advice and encouragement since the very beginning. I am indebted to all the lecturers of the Faculty of Post-Graduate Studies, Universities of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi for their valuable teaching and assistance during my study at the College. My sincere thanks also go to my friends, colleagues, and students at Post Telecommunication and Information Technology Highland Secondary school, Thai Nguyen for their support and cooperation in helping me complete this thesis.
Last but not least, my gratitude is extended to all members of my family for their love and continuous encouragement during the time I carried out this study. 1H ABSTRACT “The specific English for post clerk” is the compulsory subject which has been taught in Post Telecommunication and Information Technology Highland Secondary school in Thai Nguyen (PT & IT highland secondary school) for a long time; however, the result it obtains is not as good as we have expected. After completing the course for a post clerk (24- month course), most of the students in my school are not able to use English in their career. There are numerous reasons for this reality, in which teaching method is one of the considerable causes.
As a teacher of the school, the writer has carried out this study in order to do something or “act” something to change or to improve the students’ learning result. This paper aims at improving accuracy and fluency in speaking skills via role-playing activity. The writer hopes that role-playing will bring for teachers and students in the school new atmosphere in teaching and learning the specific English which is formally thought as difficult subject and hard to overcome. Moreover, the writer is eager to see the changes in students’ attitude toward the subject; from their thinking that they have to learn the subject, into that they want to take experience with the subject.
It is hoped that this thesis will make some useful contributions to the teaching and learning of English at PT & IT highland secondary school. iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS PT: Post Telecommunication IT: Information Technology PO: Post Office PC: Post clerk ESP: English for Special Purposes Ac: Accuracy FI: Fluency LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1: The Holistic Rating Scale Table 2: Students’ mark of two oral tests before role-playing Table 3: Students’ mark in term of accuracy and fluency in Pre-test Table 4: Students’ mark in term of accuracy and fluency in Post-test Figure 1: Percentage of students in different ranges of mark before role-playing. Figure 2: Percentage of students in different ranges of accuracy mark in Pre-test Figure 3: Percentage of students in different ranges of fluency mark in Pre-test Figure 4: Percentage of students in different ranges of accuracy mark in Post-test Figure 5: Percentage of students in different ranges of fluency mark in Post-test vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page Statement of thesis originality 1 Acknowledgements ii Abstract 11 List of abbreviations iv Table of content V PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale to the study 1 2.
Aims of the research 2 3. Objective of the research 3 4. Scope of the research 3 5. Signification of the research 3 6.
Structural organization of the thesis 3 PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW 5 1. Review of previous studies related to the research area of the thesis 5 1.2 Review if theoretical background 8 1. Statement of analytical framework chosen. Review of theoretical preliminaries employable as tools for 8 conducting the thesis.
Definitions of Role play 8 1. Types of Role Play. Significance of Role Play in teaching speaking. Definitions of Speaking 15 1.
Criteria to evaluate Speaking skills.3 Motivation in Second Language Teaching 19 1. 20 CHAPTER IT: METHODOLOGY 21 2. Principles/criteria for intended data collection and data analysis. Major methods vs.
Data collection instruments and procedure 28 2. Data collection instruments. Data analysis procedure 30 2. Summary 30 CHAPTER III: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 31 3.
Findings related to research question 1 31 3. The students’ accuracy and fluency before Role-playing. The students’ accuracy and fluency after Role-playing. Findings related to research question 2.
The students’ motivation before Role-playing 39 3. The students’ motivation after Role-playing 40 3. Findings related to of research question 3. Conclusion on objective 1 43 2.
Conclusion on objective 2 43 2. Conclusion on objective 3 43 3. Limitations of the current research and suggestions for further ones 44 PART D: REFERENCES 45 In English. 46 PART E: APPENDICES Appendix A: Interview questions for teachers II Appendix B: Questionnaire for students IH Appendix C: Tables of criteria to evaluate speaking skills.
Rationale to the study English plays a more and more important role in connecting our world together. Having a look at the development of English in any country, we can partly guess its prosperity as well as its cooperation with other countries. In Vietnam, with its process of developing and joining, teaching and learning English are always seriously taken care to develop. Especially, in recent years, renewing teaching methodology into communicative approach is the concern in teaching foreign languages.
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), according to Richards (2006, p6), is a set of principles about the goals of language teaching, how learners learn a language, the kinds of classroom activities that best facilitate learning, and the role of teachers and learners in the classroom. In other words, CLT is a new method of teaching that is learners- centered education; CLT is basically about promoting learning (Richards & Rodgers, in Guang Wei, Hu). With the presence of CLT, teaching and learning English in Vietnam has been changing in different aspects. A lot of teaching facilities have been equipped; syllabus and textbooks have been changed several times with the purpose of improving students’ ability to perceive the language.
Some progress has been reached, and some problems have also been appeared. As Li (1998) comments, CLT has extended in scope and has been used by different educators in different ways. However, we must accept that whatever way to apply, problems still exist for us to deal with. Teaching English in Viet Nam with CLT method also has to cope with unsuitable things; such as the irrationality between the way students are taught and the way they are tested.
While students learn to produce the target language in four skills (Listening, speaking, reading and writing), they are mainly evaluated through grammar-focus tests. That’s the reason why most of students are not motivated to use the language with communicative purpose. In my school, at PT and IT highland secondary school, the teachers often face with their students’ low level of participation in English lessons, especially in ESP subject through which students are taught how to use English in their future jobs. Most of students are unmotivated when learning the subject; they take the ESP course as they are required to do so.
This may partly result from the very low competence in English of the students in mountainous areas (This reason will be discussed more clearly in the later part of the thesis). In “ESP for post clerk”- a compulsory subject for the student in the Business Management Faculty- with its typical characteristics, students are mainly trained the speaking skill to communicate with foreigners. However, the final scores of students after taking this course have been very low during the recent years. Most of students fail to use English effectively for their job after finishing school.
What is the best way to teach the future PC to speak English? Belchumber once said that: “producing language is a skill, and when we learn a skill, we practice in improvised settings”. In teaching speaking, each method has its own advantage; however, it’s clear that creating communicative atmosphere is a vital role to gain success in speaking skills. It is now common knowledge that using Role-play activities helps brings about good outcome in teaching speaking skills. Role-play technique may bring about good settings for students to practice their skills.
But so far, at PT and IT highland secondary school, this teaching technique has not been paid attention to. For this reason, I have made up my mind to go further into this area of research. Aims of the research The thesis is an attempt to: (i) Make teachers and students fully aware of the advantages and the strengths of role- play activities in the improvement of speaking skills. (ii) Help improve the teaching of speaking skills at PT and IT highland secondary school via the solutions offered.
Objectives of the research (i) To identify the students’ degrees of progress related to speech accuracy and fluency via role-play activities. (ii) To clarify the changes in the students’ motivation via role-play activities. (iii) To establish the major types of difficulties encountered by learners and teachers in using role-play activities, and then propose possible solutions to the problems identified. Scope of the research The research is confined to two communicative situations at Post office; they are Accepting Mails and Parcels and Retail service.
The research only deals with accuracy, fluency and motivation in speaking skills. The research is done on a small group of students in PT & IT highland secondary school. The research is carried out on the materials obtainable by the writer. The materials collected are published books and articles from internet sources.
Significance of the research (i) Theoretical significance: The study supplies the English teachers at PT and IT highland secondary school with deeper understanding of Role Play activities in term of its advantages in teaching speaking skill, especially in ESP for post clerk. (ii) Practical significance: The research provides the language teachers at the school with suggestions to improve the learners’ communicative skill and increase their participation in the speaking lesson. Structural organization of the thesis This thesis consists of three main parts: - Part A, Introduction, presents the rationale, the aims, the objectives, the scope, and the significance of the research. This part is subdivided into three chapters: + Chapter 1, Literature Review, deals with some previous studies related to the research area of the thesis and some theoretical background that is relevant to the purpose of the study.
+ Chapter 2, Methodology, presents the research orientations, including research questions, hypothesis, research setting, research types, research approaches, and some principles for intended data collection and data analysis. Furthermore, major methods are presented in the chapter; and the subjects of the study, the instruments used to collect data, the procedures of data collection, and a detailed description of data analysis techniques are given in this chapter.