HỌC VIỆN NGÂN HÀNG BÁO CÁO TỔNG KẾT ĐỀ TÀI THAM DỰ CUỘC THI “SINH VIÊN NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC” CẤP HỌC VIỆN NGÂN HÀNG NĂM HỌC 2021-2022 TÊN ĐỀ TÀI: Factor affecting the intention of green consumption behavior among Vietnamese millennials and Gen Z: A behavioral and psychological perspective for using second-hand clothes LĨNH VỰC: Quản trị kinh doanh CHUYÊN NGÀNH: Quản trị kinh doanh Hà Nội, Tháng 05 Năm 2022 17014126215021000000 HỌC VIỆN NGÂN HÀNG THÔNG TIN SINH VIÊN THỰC HIỆN ĐỀ TÀI 1. Tên đề tài: Factor affecting the intention of green consumption behavior among Vietnamese millennials and Gen Z: A behavioral and psychological perspective for using second-hand clothes 2. Lĩnh vực: Quản trị kinh doanh 3. Chuyên ngành: Quản trị kinh doanh 4.
Giáo viên hướng dẫn: Họ và tên: Hoàng Phương Dung Học hàm, học vị: Tiến sĩ Chức vụ: Giảng viên khoa Kinh doanh Quốc tế Điện thoại: 0913 393 860 Email: dunghp@hvnh. Sinh viên/nhóm sinh viên thực hiện đề tài: ĐH Mã số Điện STT Họ và tên Lớp Khoa năm Email SV thoại thứ 1 Nguyễn F13-146 F13A 3 0866569 vynguyen011. Tài Chính- Đặng Huyền 081 vn@gmail.co Ngân Hàng Vy Sunderland m 2 Chu Thúy F13-016 F13A 0965402 chuthuyquynh1 Quỳnh 087 411@gmail.co m 3 Hoàng Bảo F13-032 F13A 0942907 blinh1502@gm Linh 929 ail. Lựa chọn đề tài tham dự các cuộc thi (Tích dấu X vào ô lựa chọn) Cuộc thi cấp Bộ GDĐT Cuộc thi Euréka X Ngày 05 tháng 05 năm 2022 Sinh viên chịu trách nhiệm chính thực hiện đề tài (ký và ghi rõ họ tên) Nguyễn Đặng Huyền Vy TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF FIGURES i LIST OF TABLES ii LIST OF CHARTS iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.
The disadvantage of the fashion industry to the environment 1 1. The significance and advantages of purchasing second-hand clothes for the environment 2 1. The significance and advantages of purchasing second-hand clothes for individuals 3 1. The necessary of purchasing second-hand cloth encouragement 4 1.
The barriers of social and personal norms and psychological concerns to second-hand products consumption 4 1. Approaching important factors to encourage the second-hand clothes consumption intention 5 1. Researching objective and research questions 9 1. Research objective 9 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT 11 A 2.
Factors that impact second-hand products purchasing behavior 14 2. Factors that impact second-hand clothes purchasing intention 18 2. Hypothesis development 24 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 29 3. Data analyzing method 33 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 34 4.
Assessment of the measurements 37 4. Hypothesis testing for the whole sample 40 4. Research Implication 55 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 60 5. Limitations and recommendations for future research 61 REFERENCE 62 APPENDIX 73 B LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Conceptual framework in research by Alam (2014) 6 Figure 1.2: Conceptual framework in research by Gerlaugh (2011) 7 Figure 2.1: Theory of reasoned action/planned behaviour (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975; Ajzen, 1985, 1991) 12 Figure 2.2: Conceptual framework in research by Jiao (2015) 15 Figure 2.3: Conceptual framework in research by Seo, M.4: Conceptual framework in research by Borusiak et al.5: Conceptual framework in research by Liang, J.6: Conceptual framework in research by Eunsuk Hur (2020) 21 Figure 2.7: Conceptual framework in research by Te et al.8: Conceptual model of the research 28 i LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Summary of factors influencing the intention to purchase second-hand in general and second-hand clothing in particular 23 Table 4.5: Reliability test 37 Table 4.6: KMO and Bartlett's Test 38 Table 4.7: Rotated component matrix 39 Table 4.8: Regression analysis results (applied for the whole sample) 42 Table 4.9: Regression analysis results (applied for gender groups) 45 Table 4.10: Regression analysis results (applied for age groups) 46 Table 4.11: Regression analysis results (applied for income groups) 47 Table 4.12: Regression analysis results (applied for experience groups) 48 ii LIST OF CHARTS Chart 4.1: Gender structure 35 Chart 4.2: Age structure 35 Chart 4.4: Frequency to buy second-hand clothing 36 iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations Full name ATE Attitude towards second-hand clothing purchase (related to the environment) ATI Attitude towards the second-hand purchase (related to the individual) MEC Model for Environmental Costs NAM Norm Activation Model PBC Perceived behavioural control over second-hand clothing purchase PC Psychological consequences PI Purchase intention PN Personal norm SHB Second-hand buying SHC Second-hand consumption SHP Second-hand purchasing SN Subjective norms TPB The Planned Behaviour VIF Variance inflation factor iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.
The disadvantage of the fashion industry to the environment When comparing the fashion sector to the food or cosmetics industries, it appears that addressing the causes of societal environmental and human costs is challenging (Beard, 2008).513) also identified that the fashion business is enormously costly and destructive not only to living creatures but also to the local and global ecology, due to pesticides and chemicals used in textile manufacturing, as well as the lack of human rights associated with child labor or exploitation of workers. According to statistics related to the fashion industry, over $400 billion was estimated as the expense of fashion waste for the worldwide economy (Young, 2020). Moreover, on average, consumers throw away 60 percent of their clothes after using them for 1 year. Consequently, there were approximately 18.6 million tonnes of clothing that ended up in landfills from the previous years to 2020 (Young, 2020).
With the huge waste of the industry, the environment is affected significantly negatively. To be more specific, Polyester, which is one of the most popular fabrics used in making clothes, is a threat to the environment. To be more specific, 72% of our clothes are made from synthetic ffiberssuch as polyester, acrylic nylon, and so on made of fossil fuels that require much more energy-intensive than original fibers for manufacturing (Young, 2020). The characteristic of the fabric is non-biodegradable so it can exist in landfills for more than 200 years (Young, 2020).
Furthermore, nearly 300 million polyester microfibers each year are wasted on the environment by washing clothing and over 900 million of the waste can be discharged into the air. Specially, all the amount of waste could be ejected by a person. Consequently, approximately 700,000 individual microfibers are released into the water, seriously affecting the undersea ecosystem by the intrusion of plastic in the food chain from small aquatic organisms to bigger fish (sustainyourstyle. This is a toxic cycle for both humans and the environment.
In addition, although cotton is a natural material for clothing making, these materials still influence the environment 1 dangerously due to the gross requirement of water and pesticides. Drought is one of the particular backwashes of problems (Young, 2020). Moreover, these days with the growth of fast fashion, many brands use toxic and hazardous chemicals during the clothing production process which leads to water pollution as well as a negative effect on human individuals and society in general (Patel, 2017). In particular, water pollution is one of the main problems of the fashion industry.
Through Greenpeace, the dyeing process takes 1.7 million tons of various kinds of chemicals for the whole process involves toxic chemicals such as PFCs, heavy metals, ammonia, formaldehyde, and so on (Patel, 2017). In addition, there is an average of 2 billion pairs of jeans that consume 7,000 liters of water each pair, producing a shirt also consumes 2700 liters of water, which is equivalent to the average amount of water for one person in 900 days (Patel, 2017). Last but not least, the fashion industry also affects seriously eco-biological. To be more specific, using cow leather is considered an unethical problem in the industry when the demand for leather is growing higher and higher in fashion goods.
With 290 million cows killed out of a total of 1 billion cows in the world, it is estimated that by 2025, the number of cows killed will reach 430 million cows (Eduzaurus) It can be seen clearly that the large volume of clothing produced continuously in clothes factories makes humorous emissions (represent for 10% of global carbon emissions) to the atmosphere that leads to the greenhouse effect (Charpail, 2017) 1. The significance and advantages of purchasing second-hand clothes for the environment These underutilized second-hand fashion-related products can be re-activated through the facilitation of alternative consumption models and a circular economy. Through the research of Cervellon, Carey, and Harms, (2012) reusing clothes not only can decrease the lifespan of the product but also can minimize the waste of clothing. To specify, nine months of cloth extending can reduce the influences of water waste and carbon footprints by approximately 20%–30% WRAP (2012).
To put it another way, Life cycle assessments (LCAs) of cloths are the most ideal choice to limit the environmental 2 impacts compared with recycling or incineration of materials (Nørup, Pihl, Damgaard, and Scheutz, 2019). In the same way, (Farrant, Olsen and Wangel, 2010) discovered that purchasing 100 items of SHC can decrease from 60 to 85 new clothes based on the aim of reuse. As a piece of evidence, there is 14 per cent of global warming deduction by using second-hand clothes. Moreover, reusing cotton T-shirts contributes to a 45% reduction of toxic polyester-cotton garments for human society as well as the environment (Farrant, Olsen and Wangel, 2010).
Generally, by reducing the resources, water use, manufacturing costs, and landfill space of virgin clothes creation, using second-hand clothing (SHC)brings more environmental and economic benefits (King and Wheeler, 2016). The significance and advantages of purchasing second-hand clothes for individuals With such significant potential in the process of using second-hand clothing to be environmentally friendly, it is impossible not to mention the numerous benefits to individuals accessing or considering purchasing second-hand clothes. Individual consumption habits have a detrimental effect on the environment, and their harmful impact would be restricted by modifying individuals' frequent purchasing habits and empowering them to encourage sustainable styles of consumption (Saleki et al., 2019; Yang and Ha-Brookshire, 2020). Specifically, purchasing used clothing or accessories fulfils socially responsible actions while remaining fashionable (Beard, 2008).
"By embracing more personally liable behaviours of second-hand buying and utilization, individuals can contribute to local and global sustainability through consuming less energy and fewer resources". Individuals can practice social responsibility by donating used clothing, adopting renewable and natural fibers, and lowering their greenhouse gas emissions (Rath et al. Last but not least, the change in the second-hand consumption intention mindset motivates the well-being of each individual. As a result, it helps customers to prevent themselves from purchasing new clothes and give the old clothes a second chance (Borusiak et al.
The necessary of purchasing second-hand cloth encouragement According to the previous report's statistics, "consignment and thrift stores are growing widely at a rate of 5% per year to achieve the desired objective, this rate proves that more people are steadily rising the positive variation towards using second-hand clothes than ever before. Second-hand resale is anticipated to gain market share with an annual growth rate of 20 billion dollars in 2017 to 41 billion dollars in 2022. The invasion of THREDUP, an American online resale platform to Europe in 2017, including Germany and Sweden, confirms the simultaneous growing need for second-hand apparel (Turner, 2017). Despite the lack of precise figures, it is estimated that it increased from 500 million euros to one billion euros in Germany (Weishaupt, 2017).
Sweden is known as the second-hand paradise, and in addition to charity consignment stores, the online resale websites Tradera and Blocket are very popular (Raeed, 2017). The growing numbers ascertain the obvious fact that consumers are strongly encouraged to accompany and assist the advancement of reselling used clothes, or they already have many concerns about the environmental impact of apparel or the fashion industry (Katharina et al, 2018) Regarding the categories in Viet Nam, through the report of Hàng Thùng Nguyên Kiện (2020) the second-hand product market had developed since 2016 and is growing stronger day by day with better quality and clothing’s store.