i THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING BANKING UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY LE NHAT MINH ANH DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE ENTERPRISES LISTED ON VIETNAM’S STOCK MARKET GRADUATION THESIS MAJOR: FINANCE AND BANKING Ho Chi Minh,2022 i THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING BANKING UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY LE NHAT MINH ANH DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE ENTERPRISES LISTED ON VIETNAM’S STOCK MARKET GRADUATION THESIS MAJOR: FINANCE AND BANKING SUPERVISOR NGUYEN THI NHU QUYNH, PHD. Ho Chi Minh,2022 i COMMITMENT The author commits an honorary statement about your scientific thesis, specifically as follows: Full name of the author: Lê Nhật Minh Anh Born on October 2nd, 1998 in DaNang, Viet Nam Hometown: DaNang, Viet Nam Currently, last year student majoring in Finance and Banking, at Banking University Ho Chi Minh City. While studying at Banking University Ho Chi Minh, the author declares that The thesis: Determinants of the capital structure of the Food and Beverage listed on Vietnam‘s stock market. Major in: Finance - Banking Science supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Như Quỳnh, PhD.
This thesis has never been submitted anywhere else before. The thesis is the author's own research work. The research results are reliable, in that there are no previously published contents or contents made by others except for cited sources fully in the thesis. Ho Chi Minh City, 11 April 2022 The Author Lê Nhật Minh Anh i ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all, the author would like to thank the Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City and the teachers who enthusiastically helped with knowledge, taught and imparted valuable knowledge as well as necessary documents for the author's work.
qualified to complete this thesis. In particular, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor, Ms.Nguyen Thi Nhu Quynh, PhD. for her attention, guidance and meticulous guidance so that I could complete my thesis in the best way. Finally, I would like to thank my family, brothers and sisters, and friends who wholeheartedly cared and created the best conditions for the author to complete this graduation thesis.
However, due to the limited expertise and knowledge of the research area, this thesis still contains many errors. The author is looking forward to receiving the comments of the teachers so that I can complete the thesis better. The Author Lê Nhật Minh Anh ii ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is to investigate determinants that affect the capital structure of the food and beverage (F&B) companies listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange. Thereby offering some recommendations to support F&B firms improve their capital structure suitable for their business activities.
Data was collected from the audited financial report of 34 the F&B enterprises listed on Vietnam‘s stock collected from the published annual financial market from 2009 to 2020 and were analyzed by using Stata. Thesis using Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) regression models to ensure the effectiveness of the chosen models. The dependent variable is financial leverage. The thesis uses eight independent variables are firm size, profitability, tangibility, growth opportunity, tax, non-debt tax shield, liquidity, and uniqueness of products.
The research results show that firm size has a positive effect on the financial leverage; while profitability, tangibility, non-debt tax shield, liquidity, and uniqueness of products have a negative effect on the financial leverage. The two remaining factors such as growth opportunity and tax affect financial leverage but the coefficient of regression is not statistically significant in the study model. i TÓM TẮT KHÓA LUẬN Mục đích của bài khóa luận là nghiên cứu các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến cấu trúc vốn của các doanh nghiệp ngành F&B niêm yết trên Sở giao dịch chứng khoán Việt Nam. Qua đó đưa ra một số khuyến nghị nhằm hỗ trợ các doanh nghiệp F&B cải thiện cơ cấu vốn phù hợp với hoạt động kinh doanh của mình.Nghiên cứu sử dụng dữ liệu tại các báo cáo tài chính đã kiểm toán của 34 doanh nghiệp F & B được niêm yết trên thị trường chứng khoán của Việt Nam được trong giai đoạn từ năm 2009 đến năm 2020 và được phân tích bằng phần mềm Stata.
Bài khóa luận này sử dụng mô hình hồi quy Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) để đảm bảo tính hiệu quả của các mô hình đã chọn. Biến phụ thuộc là đòn bẩy tài chính. Tám biến độc lập là quy mô doanh nghiệp, khả năng sinh lời, tính hữu hình, cơ hội tăng trưởng, thuế, lá chắn thuế không nợ, tính thanh khoản và tính độc đáo của sản phẩm. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy quy mô doanh nghiệp có ảnh hưởng tích cực đến đòn bẩy tài chính; trong khi khả năng sinh lời, tính hữu hình, lá chắn thuế không nợ, tính thanh khoản và tính độc đáo của sản phẩm có ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến đòn bẩy tài chính.
Hai yếu tố còn lại như cơ hội tăng trưởng và thuế không ảnh hưởng đến đòn bẩy tài chính vì chúng không có ý nghĩa thống kê trong mô hình nghiên cứu.iii TÓM TẮT KHÓA LUẬN. iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. 1 LIST OF TABLE. REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE TOPIC.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS. General objective of research. Specific research objectives:. OBJECTS AND SCOPE OF RESEARCH.
MEANING OF THE THESIS. STRUCTURE OF THE TOPIC. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW.1 OVERVIEW OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE.1 Definition of capital structure.2 Meaning of capital structure in business.3 Measure capital structure of the enterprise.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE.1 Modigliani & Miller's Theory (M&M theory).2 The trade-off theory.3 Pecking order theory.4 Market time theory.5 Agency costs theory.3 DETERMINANTS OF A ENTERPERISE‘S CAPITAL STRUCTURE. OVERVIEW OF PREVIOUS EMPIRICAL STUDIES.23 Summary of chapter 2.
43 Summary of chapter 3. 44 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH RESULT ANALYSIS. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF VARIABLES. Correlation analysis of variables.
REGRESSION MODEL RESULTS. The model chosen. RESEARCH RESULTS DISCUSION.52 Summary of chapter 4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
THESIS LIMITATIONS AND RESEARCH DIRECTION. Limitations of the thesis. The research direction.60 Summary of chapter 5. 67 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION MEANING FEM Fixed Effects Model F&B Food and Beverage GLS Generalized Least Squares (GLS) GROWTH Growth opportunity LIQID Liquidity NDTS Non-debt tax shield OLS Ordinary Least Square REM Random Effects Model ROA Profitability SIZE Firm‘s size TANG Tangibility TAX Corporate income tax UNI Uniqueness of products 2 LIST OF TABLE Table 2.
Summary of relevant empirical studies. The research process. Summary the determinants of capital structure. Results of using VIF to test multicollinearity.
Test results using OLS, FEM, REM. The result of F-Test. The result of Hausman Test. Test results using GLS model.
INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 identifies the research problem as the factors affecting the capital structure of the F&B enterprises listed on Viet Nam's stock market. Accordingly, the author presents the necessery of topic; subjects, objectives, scope, metholodogy of research. REASONS FOR CHOOSING THE TOPIC In the current process of international economic integration and development deepening, the problem of determining an optimal capital structure is one of the important financial tasks of corporate financial managers. Because the optimal capital structure will help the business minimize the cost of capital and thereby maximize the asset value of the shareholders of the business.
In addition, the capital structure also affects profitability and business risks that the firm itself may face (Frank and Goyal, 2009). Therefore, businesses are required to face how to use debt and equity effectively to minimize risks for the business because the use of debt is like a double-edged sword. If the appropriate financial structure is not built, it can reduce the competitiveness of enterprises, not realize the goal of value enhancement, and also lead to higher financial distress costs if the debt is used too much. Among the listed companies in Vietnam, food and beverages (F&B) companies have grown in no time and played a significant role in satisfying the increasing demand of Vietnamese residents and exports.
According to survey results of Business Monitor International Ltd. (BMI), the full consumer spending of all sales channels was over VND 2,800 trillion within the period 2010-2018, within which consumption expenditure of F&B reached the best level compared to other categories, accounting for 22.3% of total household expenditure. F&B companies in Vietnam recognized the importance of creating a method to extend equity capital and make momentum for business scale development still as step by step liberalising international trade. However, they're managing lots of 4 difficulties, especially within the end of 2019, the government has implemented new regulations on drunk driving and taxation on alcohol, resulting in severe effects on cash flows management of those who provide food and drinks services and products.
Currently, the capital structure within the F&B industry shows that about 60% of companies use a mix of debt and equity, while cases of excessive debt and non- use of debt exist. Using an excessive amount of debt financing can increase financial exhaustion and reduce the firm‘s ability of to borrow (Addae et al. In addition, debates about whether investors should use long-term investment within the F&B industry or keep a portfolio of various stocks in several industries are continuing, resulting in the necessity to research more on capital structure of firms. Capital structures is known as corporate financing decisions because enterprises can finance their operations using debts, equity or a mix of those two sources (Brealey et al.
Therefore, so as to develop stably and sustainably, F&B enterprises have to founded an inexpensive capital structure to market the efficiency of capital structure, helping businesses maximize corporate value, this is often called the optimal capital structure (Nirajini & Priya, 2013). Companies operating within the same industry have an equal level of operational risk and, therefore, have similar optimal capital structures (Morri & Cristanziani, 2009). Currently, over the wolrd, there are a large number of studies study the factors affecting the capital structure of enterprise such as Huang & Song (2006); Sarah & Mahmoud (2019); Jie Lin (2019). However, these studies are usually for businesses in developed countries such as the US, UK, China.
In Vietnam, researchers usually do the research for all general businesses (Vo (2016); Nguyen et al (2020); Tran & Bui (2021); B.Thuy (2020)) and they do not seem to be interested in specific industries such as F&B. Thus, because of the lack of relevant empirical studies in building up optimical capital structure of F&B firms in Viet Nam, specially the F&B industry contribute quite large to the overall growth of the country in recent 5 years, the author decided to choose the topic "DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE ENTERPRISES LISTED ON VIETNAM’S STOCK MARKET" as the graduate thesis. The research results are used to strengthen recommendations proposed to support these companies improve their capital structure suitable for their business activities. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.
General objective of research : The general objective of research is to analyze the determinants of the capital structure of the F&B companies listed on Vietnam‘s Stock Exchange. From the research result, the thesis proposes some recommendations to improve the capital structure suitable for their business activities. Specific research objectives: To achieve the above general objectives, the thesis solves the following specific objectives: - Determining the factors affecting the firm‘s capital structure. - Measuring the influence of factors affecting the capital structure of F&B industry enterprises listed on Vietnam's stock market.
- Based on the research results, propose some recommendations to support F&B companies listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange improve their capital structure suitable for their business activities. Research question: To achieve the above objectives, the thesis needs to address the following research questions: - What factors affect the capital structure of enterprises? - How do these factors affect the capital structure of the F&B industry enterprises listed on the Vietnamese stock market?