MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HUE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES ------------ DANG THI HUONG AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE USE OF CONJUNTIONS FOR DEVELOPING COHERENCE IN WRITING ENGLISH BY THIRD YEAR STUDENTS AT HUE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES MA THESIS IN THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING CODE: 60.11 SUPERVISOR: TON NU NHU HUONG, D. HUE, 2014 i BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ ------------ ĐẶNG THỊ HƯỜNG NGHIÊN CỨU VIỆC SỬ DỤNG LIÊN TỪ ĐỂ TẠO TÍNH LIÊN KẾT TRONG HỌC VIẾT TIẾNG ANH CỦA SINH VIÊN NĂM THỨ BA TẠI ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ LÝ LUẬN VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP DẠY HỌC BỘ MÔN TIẾNG ANH MÃ SỐ: 60.11 NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: TIẾN SĨ: TÔN NỮ NHƯ HƯƠNG HUẾ, 2014 ii STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby acknowledge that this study is mine. The data and findings discussed in the thesis are true and have not been published elsewhere. Author Dang Thi Huong iii ABSTRACT This research investigates the use of conjunctions for developing coherence in writing English, at Hue University College of Foreign Language.
First, it attempts to clarify students‟ perceptions of using conjunctions in developing coherence in English writing. Second, it seeks to find what types of conjunctions of coherence students often use in their writing. Third, it aims to identify students‟ problems with using conjunctions in their writing. Last, it seeks to address some suggestions for improving students‟ ability in using conjunctions.
The subjects for this study consisted of 70 students, and 5 teachers of English at HUCFL. The data were collected through questionnaires, interviews. They were analyzed based on both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The findings of this study indicate that most of the students are well aware of the importance of using conjunctions in the writing.
With the main purpose of identifying difficulties faced by students to find possible solutions, these difficulties are carefully put into consideration. Based on the findings, suggestions are drawn out for students to have better achievement in English learning process. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest thanks and gratitude to my supervisor, who has provided me with the invaluable guidance, the valuable advice, reference books and materials during the time I wrote the study. I am grateful to teachers and third year students of Hue University College of Foreign Language.
The data collection for my research paper was supported by them. Without their valuable contributions with real and truthful ideas, I could not do well with my research paper. I also want to thank the teachers and students who were willing to spend their time participating in the interviews. I am also grateful to the staff of librarians working in the college of Foreign Languages, who helped me assess the necessary and valuable materials for the fulfillment of the study.
v I wish to send my last expression of greatest gratitude to my family members and my friends whose great affection, considerate care, both spiritual and material supports, and in time encouragement in moments of difficulty have meant a very big mobilization to me during the process of doing this thesis. TABLE OF CONTENT v SUB COVER PAGE. i, ii STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP .v TABLE OF CONTENTS .vi LIST OF FIGURES. ix LIST OF TABLES…………….…………………………………………………… x LIST OF APPENDICES ………………………… ……………………………….
The background of the research .Rationale of the research. Purposes of the research. 2 Scope of the research. Significance of the research.
Structure of the thesis. Definition of writing and of academic writing. The importance of academic writing. Coherence and cohesion in academic writing.
Definition of coherence. The importance of coherence. Factors to create coherence in academic writing. Definition of conjunction.
Types of conjunctions for developing coherence in academic writing. The importance of conjunctions in academic writing. Teaching & learning essay writing skills in EFL environments. Teaching & learning essay writing skill at Vietnamese universities.
Teaching & learning essay writing skill at Hue‟s College of Foreign Language. Data collection instruments. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION. Students‟ perceptions of using conjunctions.
A comparison between students using and not using conjunctions. The importance of conjunctions. The necessity of using conjunctions. Benefits of using conjunctions.
The frequency of using conjunctions. Types of conjunctions used by the students. The students‟ self-evaluation on the use of conjunctions. Kinds of conjunction used by students.
Students‟ problems with using conjunctions. The existence of difficulties in using conjunctions. Types of difficulties in using conjunctions. The ways to deal with difficulties.
Suggestions for improving students‟ ability in using conjunctions. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS. The limitation of the study. Suggestions for further studies .51 viii ix LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 4.
A comparison between students with and without using conjunctions 26 Figure 4. The important of conjunctions 28 Figure 4. The necessity of using conjunctions 29 Figure 4. The frequency of using conjunctions 32 Figure 4.
The students‟ self-evaluation on their use of conjunctions 34 Figure 4. The existence of difficulties in using conjunction 37 Figure 4. The ways to deal with difficulties 40 x LIST OF TABLES Page Table 3.1 Structure of the questionnaire content 23 Table 4.1 Benefits of using conjunctions 31 Table 4.2 Kinds of conjunctions used by students 35 Table 4.3 Types of difficulties in using conjunction 38 Table 4.4 Suggestions for improving students‟ ability in using conjunctions 41 xi LIST OF APPENDICES Page Appendix 1A: Questionnaire for students in English 51 Appendix 1B: Questionnaire for students in Vietnamese 56 Appendix 2A: Interview questions for students in English 61 Appendix 2B: Interview questions for students in Vietnamese 62 Appendix 3A: Interview questions for teachers in English 63 Appendix 3B: Interview questions for teachers in Vietnamese 64 xii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter provides the introduction to the thesis. It is divided into seven sections: the background of the research; the rationale; the purposes of the research, the scope in which my research has been implemented; the significance of the research; research questions and the structure of the thesis.
The background of the research Nowadays, English has become a popular and international language around the world. In Vietnam, since the government has realized the important role of English in the development of the country, the need of learning English has increased quickly. Hence, there is more and more University College of Foreign Languages in Vietnam. At almost all colleges and universities in Vietnam, students of English learn the four basic language skills such as listening, speaking, reading and writing.
Among these four main skills, according to Richards and Renandya (2003), writing is always regarded as one of the most difficult skills, especially academic writing skill. Here, students are required to know how to write essays. According to Mc Laurent (2001), essay writing is regarded an act of exploration of mountain climbing. Vietnamese students of English also meet several difficulties in writing academic essays.
They do not have experience in writing academic essays. It is said that they are unskilled students in this field. So academic writing has been an extremely difficult task to them. Therefore, English writing outcomes by Vietnamese students of English have been limited about English proficiency.
Being an English learner in many years, the researcher realizes that it is difficult for her to be able to write a good essay. And English students of Hue University College of Foreign Languages also have similar difficulties. Among the difficulties, the most outstanding seems to be the use of cohesive devices. This has also been shown in Worrall‟s (2009) standpoint that Vietnamese students fail to produce a formal English essay because they often leave cohesive devices out of their writing altogether rather than risk confusing the reader.
Their essays often lack cohesion and coherence, which effectively contributes to the logic and unity 1 for a meaningful discourse. Because of the fact that the researcher wants to have a lot of deeper experience for teaching better English writing to her students after she graduates, she would like to conduct an experimental a study entitled “An investigation into the use of conjunctions for developing coherence in writing English by third year students at Hue University College of Foreign Languages” 1. Rationale of the research Being an English learner for many years, I know how important English is in the modern life today. It is considered an essential means of communication in the world.
And in order to be able to communicate with other people in English well, learners have to be fluent in all the fours skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. Especially in writing skill, if the learners want to have a good writing, first of all, their vocabulary must be extensive. And the next, their writing must be connected and fluent. Good writers use cohesion to explicate meaning within and across clauses in a text (Halliday, 1985).
According to Halliday (1985)‟s point, a writing which loses the connectedness will not attract the readers. Hence, conjunction is one of the elements to help the writers be able to have fluent and coherent writing. I really would like to know what English learners thought about conjunctions and how they used conjunctions in developing coherence in English writing classes. Based on all of the above reasons, I made a decision to do a study on “the use of Conjunctions in developing coherence in writing English by the third year students at Hue University College of Foreign Languages”.
Purposes of the research The study aims to investigate what students of English at HUCFL think about the role of conjunctions, how conjunctions are used in writing classes. In addition, the study is carried out in order to find what types of conjunctions students use to develop the coherence in their writing. Furthermore, the researcher wants to know about some suggestions to teachers‟ ways of teaching to improve students‟ use of conjunctions in developing coherence in their students‟ writings. 2 Scope of the research Conjunctions are used in all the fours skills of studying of English.
However, in writing this paper, the writer just wants to investigate the use of conjunctions in developing coherence in English Writing classes. It will be carried out with third year students at Hue University College of Foreign Languages. Significance of the research The researcher hopes to offer help to students of English in terms of how to make better use of the conjunctions in their English writing learning. And with the research implication, it is expected to be able to raise the writing skill by third year students in writing classes of English at HUCFL.
Moreover, it might partially contribute to the better implementation of learning and teaching EFL. Research Questions My paper aims to investigate the use of conjunctions in developing coherence in writing English of students. This study will deal with the following research questions: 1. What are students‟ perceptions of using conjunctions in developing coherence in English writing? 2.
What types of conjunctions of coherence do students use in their writing? 3. What are some suggestions to teachers‟ ways of teaching to improve students‟ use of conjunctions in developing coherence in writing English? 1. Structure of the thesis This thesis includes the following five chapters. Chapter I: Introduction In this chapter, I introduce my research project, the reasons for choosing this topic, as well as the aims of research, scope of research, significance of research, and research questions.
Chapter II: Literature Review This chapter offers a fundamental overview of theoretical concepts relating to the research Chapter III: Research Methods In this chapter, I will give methods used to collect data and information of 3 participants such as: questionnaires, interviews.