Nghiên cứu về phép châm biếm liên quan đến nhân vật nữ trong truyện ngắn của W. Somerset Maugham

Luận văn thạc sĩ nghiên cứu vnu ulis study on irony related to female characters in some short stories by w s maugham, khảo sát thực trạng, phân tích nguyên nhân, đề xuất giải

2016

53
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Rationale

1.2. Aims of the study

1.3. Scope of the study

1.4. Significance of the study

1.5. Design of the study

PART II. DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 1. REVIEW OF THEORY AND RELATED LITERATURE

1.1. Characterization

1.2. An overview of irony

1.2.1. Definition of Irony

1.2.2. Types of irony

1.2.2.1. Classification based on semantic displacement
1.2.2.2. Classification based on modern theories of rhetoric

1.2.3. Irony in pragmatics

CHAPTER 3. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

3.1. “The Three Fat Women of Antibes”

CHAPTER 4. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1. Types of irony used in the development of the female characters

4.2. Pragmatic functions of these ironic expressions

4.3. Maugham’s use of irony in the selected short stories

PART III. CONCLUSION

3.1. Limitations of the study

3.2. Implications for language teaching and learning

3.3. Suggestions for further study

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES NGÔ THANH HUYỀN A STUDY ON IRONY RELATED TO FEMALE CHARACTERS IN SOME SHORT STORIES BY W. MAUGHAM (Nghiên cứu về phép châm biếm liên quan đến nhân vật nữ trong một số truyện ngắn của W. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Hanoi - 2016 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES NGÔ THANH HUYỀN A STUDY ON IRONY RELATED TO FEMALE CHARACTERS IN SOME SHORT STORIES BY W. MAUGHAM (Nghiên cứu về phép châm biếm liên quan đến nhân vật nữ trong một số truyện ngắn của W. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Supervisor: Dương Thị Nụ, PhD. Hanoi - 2016 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com DECLARATION I declare that this thesis, entitled, “A Study On Irony Related To Female Characters In Some Short Stories By W. Maugham” and the work presented in it is my own and has been generated by me as the result of my own research. I confirm that when I quoted from the work of others, the source was always given and no part of this work has been published before submission. Hanoi,2016 Ngô Thanh Huyề n i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENT During the period of completing this research, I have received great assistance and support from many people. First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor, Ms Duong Thi Nu, who initiated me into this study and has always been willing to give me clear and sighted guidance as well as valuable suggestions and corrections in the completion of this research. Secondly, I want to thank all of the lecturers, professors and doctors teaching at the Faculty of Post-Graduate Studies of ULIS for their lessons and supports during my MA course. I would also like to thank my parents, my dearest friends: Nguyen Linh Chi and Nguyen Hoang Son for their love, support and caring. The research paper could not have been fulfilled without them. ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT This study is carried out in an attempt to investigate ironic expressions and their pragmatic functions in the development of female characters in some short stories written by W. However, because of the data sources and knowledge, the writer will only focus on five short stories: “The Three Fat Women of Antibes”, “The Escape”, “The Luncheon”, “Louise”, and “Winter Cruise”. In order to conduct this thesis, the writer approaches irony from the stand point of Speech Act Theory (Searle, 1969). Through identifying and analyzing ironic expressions, it is revealed that in the selected short stories, verbal irony is the most widely used among three types. Verbal and dramatic irony perform representative and expressive speech acts which describe the female characters’ appearance, personalities, dialogues, and express the narrator’s feelings and attitude towards the female characters. Meanwhile, situational irony functions as ironic directives which lead readers to expecting a situation which is contrary to what actually happens. In the selected short stories, W. Maugham often combined two or three types of irony. Apart from using irony as a means to mock, Maugham also employed it to amuse and to emphasize the female characters’ special features. Some implications in language teaching and learning English are then drawn out. Hopefully, the thesis will serve as a useful reference for students who would like to enhance their knowledge about British Literature, the application of Speech Act Theory into studying irony as well as the translation of irony. iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES . Aims of the study . Scope of the study . Significance of the study . Design of the study. 3 PART II: DEVELOPMENT . 5 CHAPTER 1: REVIEW OF THEORIES AND RELATED LITERATURE 5 1. An overview of irony . Irony in Pragmatics .Maugham’s life and career . Previous studies on irony . Data and data source . 20 iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Data collection procedure . Data analysis procedure . 20 CHAPTER 3: DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS . “The Three Fat Women of Antibes” . 30 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION . Types of irony used in the development of the female characters . Pragmatic functions of these ironic expressions . Maugham’s use of irony in the selected short stories . 36 PART III: CONCLUSION . Limitations of the study . Implications for language teaching and learning . Suggestions for further study .I v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1 – Classification of Speech Acts (Searle, 1969) . 15 Table 2 – Number of ironic expressions in the selected short stories . 21 Pie chart 1: Types of irony in the selected short stories. 32 vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale The term “irony” is derived from the ancient Greek word εἰρωνεία (eirōneía), which means dissimulation. As a rhetorical device, irony refers to the disagreement between the meaning intended by the author and what is actually said. It is believed that irony plays an important role in literature as one of the most effective rhetorical devices. In some cases, it is even more efficient than a direct statement since it helps create a private joke between the author and the readers. Besides, irony is also intended to provoke the readers into critical thinking and analyzing a situation. By comparing and contrasting what appears to be the case, and what is actually the case, the readers can arrive at a better understanding of the author’s intent. For example, in “Lemony Snicket: The Unauthorized Autobiography”, Snicket writes: “Today was a very cold and bitter day, as cold and bitter as a cup of hot chocolate; if the cup of hot chocolate had vinegar added to it and was placed in a refrigerator for several hours.” As can be seen from the above sentence, Snicket makes an enjoyable ironic statement by creating a structure that is more complex than what a reader may usually expect. In terms of pragmatics, irony can also be considered a subject of interest which has been studied by many linguists such as Grice (1975), Amante (1981), Kaufer (1981), Muecke (1982), Brown and Levinson (1987), and Hutcheon (1992). However, irony has still remained its attraction as well as complexity as Balconi and Amenta (2008, p.9) stated: 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com “Although frequent in our everyday conversations, irony remains a complex communicative and pragmatic phenomenon whose correct decoding requires specific linguistic, communicative and cognitive abilities.” Since how irony works, positively or negatively, depends on several factors such as people’s taste, points of view, habits, education, it seems to be really difficult to fully understand irony in daily communication and especially literary works. Being inspired by the complexity of irony in literary works, the writer of this thesis would like to investigate how ironic expressions are employed in some fiction writings. When she approached British Literature, she was strongly impressed by W. Maugham is a famous English writer whose writings are characterized by narrative facility, simplicity of style and an ironic point of view. After reading a collection of Maugham’s short stories, the writer was fascinated by the way Maugham portrayed his characters, especially female characters. They were described not only specifically but also vividly. All of these inspire the study: “A Study On Irony Related To Female Characters In Some Short Stories By W. Aims of the study The main aims of the research are as follows: - To identify different ironic expressions used in the development of female characters in some short stories by W. Maugham - To realize the role and contribution of these ironic expressions to the development of female characters in the selected stories. - To propose an insight into Maugham’s use of irony 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com In order to achieve the above aims, the study is conducted to find out the answer to the following research questions: 1. What are the ironic expressions used in the development of female characters in some short stories by W. What are the pragmatic functions of these ironic expressions? 3. What are the features of Maugham’s use of irony displayed through the selected short stories? 3. Scope of the study This study focuses on the ironic expressions in only some short stories written by W. The main emphasis of the study is put on identifying these ironic expressions and their pragmatic functions to propose an insight into Maugham’s use of irony. Significance of the study Theoretical significance: This study is expected to verifying the correctness and significance related to pragmatictic theories of irony by working on some fiction works Practical significance: This thesis helps gaining an insight into the use of ironic expressions in some short stories by W. Design of the study The study consists of three main parts: Part 1: Introduction In this part, the writer would like to present the rationale, the aims of the study, the research questions, the significance and the scope of the study as well as the research methodology. 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Part 2: Development This is the most important part of the study which consists of the following contents: Review of theory and related literature, Data collection and analysis, and Findings and discussion. Part 3: Conclusion In the final part, the writer will briefly present the summary of the study, the limitations, the implications in language teaching and learning as well as some suggestions for further study. 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com PART II: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: REVIEW OF THEORY AND RELATED LITERATURE In this chapter, the writer presents the theoretical background related to characterization, irony and irony in pragmatics. Basic information about W. Maugham as well as previous studies on irony is also briefly reviewed. Characterization According to Harrison (1998, p.51), characterization is the concept of creating characters for a narrative. Writers build characters by revealing their appearance, speech, thoughts, actions and other characters’ reactions. Regarding appearance, writers portray characters by describing their looks, clothes, and demeanor. For example, in “A Christmas Carol”, Charles Dickens described Scrooge with the following lines: “The cold within him froze his old features, nipped his pointed nose, shriveled his cheek, stiffened his gait; made his eyes red, his thin lips blue…” Apart from appearance, characters can be created through speech. If a story is told by a first-person narrator, he reveals his personal trait as he tells his own story as well as what he thinks or feels by using pronouns like I, me or we. However, there are some cases in which some first-person narrators mislead or lie to the audience. Besides, dialogue also reveal a lot about characters and their relationships with each other. Therefore, when analyzing the characterization in a story, readers should pay attention to what characters say and do not say and how they respond to each other. 5 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Concerning actions, what characters do and how they treat each other often reveal the most about them. By observing characters’ actions, readers are able to determine what characters’ personality is, what motivates them and how they deal with conflict. Additionally, writers can take readers into the characters’ minds to describe their thoughts and feelings. As reading, readers are able to investigate whether the characters’ thoughts and feelings match their speech and actions. Last but not least, writers also build a character by describing how other characters react to him/her. In terms of types, there are two types of characterization: direct and indirect.

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