MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING GRADUATION THESIS ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOP UNDERWATER SCOOTERS FOR DIVING ADVISOR : NGUYEN VU LAN STUDENTS: LE HOANG HOA TRAN QUOC TOAN NGUYEN MINH HUY SKL 0 1 0 8 4 6 Ho Chi Minh City, July 2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING GRADUATION THESIS RESEARCH AND DEVELOP UNDERWATER SCOOTERS FOR DIVING Advisor: NGUYEN VU LAN, Ph.D Students: LE HOANG HOA – 19146122 – 19146CLA1 TRAN QUOC TOAN – 19146090 – 19146CLA2 NGUYEN MINH HUY – 19146006 – 19146CLA2 Course: 2019 – 2023 Ho Chi Minh City, July 2023 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KỸ THUẬT TP. HCM CỘNG HOÀ XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM KHOA CƠ KHÍ CHẾ TẠO MÁY Độc lập - Tự do – Hạnh phúc NHIỆM VỤ ĐỒ ÁN TỐT NGHIỆP Học kỳ 2 / năm học 2022-2023 Giảng viên hướng dẫn:. Sinh viên thực hiện:. Điện thoại: 0941414910 Sinh viên thực hiện:.
Trần Quốc Toàn. Điện thoại: 0389556458 Sinh viên thực hiện:. Nguyễn Minh Huy. Đề tài tốt nghiệp: - Mã số đề tài:.
Research and develop underwater scooters for diving. Các số liệu, tài liệu ban đầu: Kích thước, kết cấu, hình dạng của thiết kế. Các phương trình động học. Sử dụng DC motor.
Nội dung chính của đồ án: Tính toán, thiết kế phần cứng phù hợp, thân thiện với người dùng. Tính toán, lựa chọn động cơ phù hợp. Thiết kế thân thiện với môi trường. Khả năng chống thấm nước và ăn mòn.
Các sản phẩm dự kiến Mô hình phương tiện hỗ trợ bơi dưới nước. Ngôn ngữ trình bày: Bản báo cáo: Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt Trình bày bảo vệ: Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt TRƯỞNG BỘ MÔN GIẢNG VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN (Ký, ghi rõ họ tên) (Ký, ghi rõ họ tên) Được phép bảo vệ …………………………………………… (GVHD ký, ghi rõ họ tên) i DISCLAIMER Project tile: Research and develop underwater scooters for diving Advisor: Nguyen Vu Lan, Ph.D Student name: Le Hoang Hoa Student ID: 19146122 Class: 19146CLA1 Student name: Tran Quoc Toan Student ID: 19146090 Class: 19146CLA2 Student name: Nguyen Minh Huy Student ID: 19146006 Class: 19146CLA2 Graduation thesis submission date: Disclaimer: “We hereby declare that this graduation thesis is the work of our own research and implementation. We do not copy from any published article without citing the source. If there is any violation, we take full responsibility.” Ho Chi Minh City, July 21st, 2023.
Student name Student name Student name ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to sincerely thank Professor Nguyen Vu Lan for his guidance, support, and encouragement throughout this journey, valuable feedback and insightful comments on our work. His contributions have been invaluable in shaping the direction and improving the quality of our thesis. We would like to express our appreciation to our families for their unfailing help and support during our school years. Their compassion and empathy have served as a constant source of inspiration and drive.
Finally, we want to express our gratitude to all of the people who have helped us along the way. Their support and suggestions have been crucial in assisting us in achieving this accomplishment. We appreciate your encouragement, and support. Without your assistance, we could not have succeeded.
iii ABSTRACT RESEARCH AND DEVELOP UNDERWATER SCOOTERS FOR DIVING This Mechatronics engineering thesis focuses on the development of an underwater scooter, a device that allows individuals to move efficiently underwater. The project aims to design and implement a mechatronic system that incorporates propulsion, control, and safety features for the underwater scooter. The system includes a direct current motor, a propeller, a battery, and a control mechanism that allows for smooth movement and maneuvering underwater. The design process involves the use of computer-aided design software and simulation tools to optimize performance and ensure proper functionality of the system.
In this project, we used 3D printed plastic materials for the underwater scooter. The 3D printed plastic materials are expected to provide the necessary strength and durability required for the underwater scooter to operate effectively. Additionally, the design includes a waterproof seal to prevent water from entering the electronic components of the scooter, ensuring its safe and reliable operation. The final product is expected to offer a waterproof design, ensuring safety and an enjoyable experience for users while promoting environmental sustainability and conservation.
iv TABLE OF CONTENTS GRADUATION PROJECT TASK. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS. v LIST OF TABLES. ix LIST OF FIGURES, DIAGRAMS.
x LIST OF ACRONYMS. xiii LIST OF SYMBOLS AND PARAMETERS. xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. Motivation for the research.
Scientific and practical significance of the topic. Subject and scope of the research. Graduation project structure. 4 CHAPTER 2: TOPIC RESEARCH OVERVIEW.
The marine environment. Diversity of marine ecosystems in Vietnam. Vietnam marine ecosystem. Diversity of marine ecosystems.
The economic potential. Dive sites in Vietnam. Types of beach tourism activities. Underwater leisure activities.
Underwater scooter - the new generation of diving. Underwater scooter definition. Underwater scooter device. Potential of underwater scooter.
17 CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW. Body surface area. Power and consumption time. 25 CHAPTER 4: REQUIREMENTS AND SOLUTIONS.
Popularity of CAESES® in the field. How to use CAESES® to design B-Series propeller. 32 CHAPTER 5: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION. Calculation and equipment choosing.
Calculation and design. Check GPIO change loop. Measure sensor value loop. Slowly change PWM value.
58 CHAPTER 6: EXPERIMENTS AND DESIGN ANALYSIS. Establish target specifications. List of metrics. Proposed specifications and experimental methods.
71 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .40 TAYLOR BP-δ DIAGRAM. 76 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Drag coefficient of simple 3D and 2D shapes .1 Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites comparison table .2 Comparison table of underwater scooter models on the market.3 Electricity supply comparison table .1 Motor and propeller calculation based on Taylor 𝐵𝑝 − 𝛿 chart .2 DC motor ZOGO 68S-RA/CW.3 Propeller parameter table .4 Battery parameter table .5 Power consumption table .6 PVC pipes parameter table .1 List of needs .2 List of metrics .4 Proposed specifications and experimental method .5 Device size measurement table .6 Screen response time test .7 Speed 1 change response time table .8 Speed 2 change response time table .9 Speed 3 change response time table .11 Scooter head waterproof test.12 Scooter handle waterproof test .13 Scooter screen waterproof test .14 Scooter body waterproof test .15 Scooter body waterproof test .16 Scooter switch waterproof test .17 Scooter overall waterproof test .18 Speed test in 3 levels .19 Assembly time tests .21 Comparing with available products on market. 72 ix LIST OF FIGURES, DIAGRAMS Figure 1.2 Water-related activities and sports .3 Underwater with Diver Propulsion Vehicles .1 Marine ecosystems help attract tourism .2 Sea tourism activities in Con Dao .3 Vinh Ha Long .4 Nha Trang bay .5 Snorkeling in Vinh Hy.6 Phu Quoc island .7 Beach tourism in Vietnam .8 SCUBA diving in Phu Quoc.9 Basic SCUBA diving equipment .10 Snorkeling in Nha Trang .12 Sea walker activity in Phu Quoc .13 Diving with underwater navigation device .14 Surface marker buoy.16 SCUBAJET PRO Underwater Kit 40071 .17 Sublue White Shark Mix Underwater Scooter .18 Yamaha Seascooter RDS300 .1 Drag force affects on swimmer body .2 Human body position can affect drag force .3 Human body in various positions .4 Description of drag force experiment in the article .6 Submerged part parameters of ships.7 Potential flow and boundary layer growth affect wake velocity .9 Taylor Bp-δ chart explanation example .1 a) Polycarbonate and b) Polypropylene .3 Cup made by PLA material .5 a) Yamaha seascooter and b) Sublue underwater scooter .6 Buller-shape underwater scooter .7 a) Lithium-ion battery and b) Nickel-metal hydride battery .13 CAESES® applications on many aerodynamic bodies .14 Popularity of CAESES® in the field .15 CAESES® B-series propeller design website .16 CAESES® B-series propeller result after input data .17 3D CAD model generate by CAESES® website .1 Block diagram of the device .2 Motor ZOGO 68S-RA/CW .4 Fluid domain in flow simulation .5 Flow simulation with inlet flow velocity 0m/s and outlet flow velocity 1.6 Cut plots for the velocity distribution on propeller .7 Velocity distribution on the propeller.8 Underwater buoyancy force description .14 System orthographic projection .15 Underwater scooter head explode view .16 Underwater scooter body explode .17 Bottom of battery .18 Underwater scooter holding head .21 Motor chamber zoom in view.22 Mechanical seal of the propeller.23 Mechanical seal in assembly with the shaft of the motor.24 Mechanical seal position in device .25 Scooter cage exploded view .27 Proteus circuit schematic .30 a) PCB circuit board visualizer and b) PCB circuit board in real life .31 Overall flow chart .32 Check GPIO change loop flow chart .33 Measure sensor value loop flow chart .34 Slowly change PWM value flow chart .35 Control interface of the device .36 Underwater TFT screen display .37 TFT screen shows when battery is low .38 Underwater scooter LED light at night .39 First prototype electrical wiring .40 Underwater scooter hull parts .41 Underwater scooter head parts .42 Underwater scooter body parts .43 Underwater scooter tail parts .1 Ampere test results in 3 levels.2 Speed test using velocity formula.3 Assembly time tests .1 Drag coefficient according to simulation results with experimental results .1 Drag coefficient of cylindrical bodies in Axial flow .2 Test results at speeds below 2m/s. 76 xii LIST OF ACRONYMS 3D : Three Dimensions ABS : Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene BCD : Buoyancy Control Device BSA : Body Surface Area CAD : Computer-Aided Design CW : Clockwise DAR : Disc Area Ratio DC : Direct Current DPV : Diver Propulsion Vehicle GPIO : General Purpose Input/Output GPS : Global Positioning System I2C : Inter-Integrated Circuit IRF : Instrument Response Function IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature LCD : Liquid Crystal Display LED : Light-Emitting Diode MOSFET : Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor MWR : Mean Width Ratio PCB : Printed Circuit Board PLA : Polylactide PR : Pitch Ratio PVC : Polyvinyl Chloride PWM : Pulse Width Modulation RPM : Revolutions Per Minute SCUBA : Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus SPI : Serial Peripheral Interface TFT : Thin Film Transistor xiii UART : Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter VND : Vietnamese Dong VOM : Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter xiv LIST OF SYMBOLS AND PARAMETERS Description Symbol Unit Body surface area 𝐵𝑆𝐴 𝑚2 Weight of a persion 𝑊ℎ 𝑘𝑔 Height of a persion 𝐻ℎ 𝑐𝑚 Buoyancy force 𝐹𝐵 𝑁 Fluid density 𝜌 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 Gravitational acceleration 𝑔 𝑚/𝑠 2 Volume of the replaced liquid 𝑉 𝑚3 Weight of the device 𝑊 𝑁 Mass 𝑚 𝑘𝑔 Thrust force total 𝑇 𝑁 Thrust deduction factor 𝑡 Thrust force 𝑇𝑒 𝑁 Drag force 𝐹𝐷 𝑁 Drag coefficient 𝐶𝐷 Reynold number 𝑅𝑒 Projected area of the object 𝐴 𝑚2 Fluid dynamic viscosity 𝜇 𝑘𝑔.
𝑠 −1 Submerge lenght 𝐿 𝑚 Submerge width 𝐵 𝑚 Submerge height 𝑇 𝑚 Block coefficient 𝐶𝐵 Wake fraction coefficient 𝑤 Velocity of the device 𝑣 𝑚/𝑠 Translational speed of the propeller 𝑣𝑎 𝑚/𝑠 Motor speed 𝑛 𝑟𝑝𝑚 Motor power needed 𝑃𝐷 𝑊 xv Description Symbol Unit Motor torque needed 𝜏 𝑁. 𝑚 Propeller pitch 𝑝 𝑚 Propeller diametter 𝑑 𝑚 Pitch ratio 𝑃𝑅 𝑜𝑟 𝑃/𝐷 Mean width ratio 𝑀𝑊𝑅 Disc area ratio 𝐷𝐴𝑅 Propeller number of blade 𝑧 Power factor 𝐵𝑝 Advance coefficient 𝛿 Shaft efficiency 𝜂𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 Bearing efficiency 𝜂𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 Seal efficiency 𝜂𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑙 Environment efficiency 𝜂𝑒𝑛𝑣 Propeller efficiency 𝜂𝑝 Voltate 𝑉 𝑉 Current 𝐼 𝐴 xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Motivation for the research For centuries, people have enjoyed swimming, a well-liked water-based activity.