MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY NGUYEN VO BICH THUY A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF TEACHING GRAMMAR IN NGO MAY SECONDARY SCHOOL BASED ON DEDUCTIVE APPROACH VERSUS INDUCTIVE APPROACH Field: Theory and Methodology of English Language Teaching Code: 8140111 Supervisor: Truong Van Dinh, Ph. BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN NGUYEN VO BICH THUY NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ HIỆU QUẢ CỦA VIỆC SỬ DỤNG PHƢƠNG PHÁP DIỄN DỊCH VÀ PHƢƠNG PHÁP QUY NẠP TRONG VIỆC GIẢNG DẠY NGỮ PHÁP TẠI TRƢỜNG THCS NGÔ MÂY Ngành: Lý luận và phƣơng pháp dạy học bộ môn tiếng Anh Mã số: 8140111 Ngƣời hƣớng dẫn: TS. TRƢƠNG VĂN ĐỊNH i DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP The thesis entitled “A Study of the Effects of Teaching Grammar based on Deductive Approach versus Inductive Approach” is conducted under the supervision of Ph. Truong Van Dinh, a lecturer working at Quy Nhon University.
I declare that the information reported in this study is the result of my own work and effort, except where due reference is made. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not simultaneously submitted to any candidature for any degree or diploma. Binh Dinh, August 2022 Nguyen Vo Bich Thuy ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Without the support, encouragement, and contributions from my Ph. Truong Van Dinh, colleagues, friends and family, the successful completion of this study work would not have been possible.
I take this chance to appreciate them for their useful advice and invaluable comments, and time. They have always been by my side and helped me enriched my knowledge and made my master thesis graduate journey a memorable chapter in my life. First and foremost, I am grateful to my supervisor, Ph. Truong Van Dinh, for his amazing supervision.
His knowledge and profession teaching- related expertise inspired me greatly during my studying at Quy Nhon University, and he opened new horizons for me in every field. I profoundly appreciate his accommodating guidelines and suggestions, great patience, and strong management skills in helping me resolve the obstacles whenever I had difficulties in my thesis. I am very lucky to have had him support me for my work. This study was made achievable by the presence of the enthusiastic students at Ngo May Secondary School in Quy Nhon City, who devoted their time taking part in this study.
I was also thankful to my colleagues for their fascinating assistance, encouragement and management during this phase. I feel fortunate to know all of them. Last but not least, I am grateful to all the support that I received from my beloved parents throughout my thesis education. iii ABSTRACT The present research seeks to investigate the effectiveness of English grammar teaching to language users in EFL classrooms.
In Vietnam, English in general and grammar in particular has been taught deductively or inductively depending on students’ needs, interests, attitudes and motivation. To be more precise, the study has explored the effectiveness towards inductive and deductive approaches to English grammar teaching held by 135 students in Ngo May Secondary School. The instruments for data collection to serve the aim of the study are a survey questionnaire, a proficiency test and an achievement test. Moreover, the objective of this research is to get empirical data of the differences between students’ scores on grammar tests who were taught inductively and deductively.
The research method used in this research was a quantitative method using quasi-experimental design. The data was collected through pre-test and post-test. After a careful long time of collecting and analyzing the data, it is revealed in the research that the students’ performances in deductive class is better than the inductive one despite the students’ improvement of grammar retention. Additionally, through the different instruments such as questionnaires for students, class observation the underlying reasons for the above problems have been revealed.
Last but not least, the researcher also offers some pedagogical suggestions that emerged from the research findings with the hope to bring about some changes and progresses in English grammar teaching for the sake of effective grammar learning on the students’ learning process. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iv LIST OF TABLES .vii LIST OF FIGURES.
ix LIST OF ABBREVIATION. Aim and Objectives. Aim of the Study. Objectives of the Study.
Scope of the Study. Significance of the Study. Structure of the Thesis. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW.
Importance of Grammar in Teaching Foreign Languages. Definition of Grammar. Types of Grammar. Theories of Language Learning.
Krashen’s viewpoint regarding the role of grammar. Role of grammar in EFL contexts. Approaches to Grammar Teaching. Two main approaches to Grammar Teaching.
Previous studies on Deductive versus Inductive Grammar Learning. Researches into effectiveness of Inductive and Deductive teaching. The knowledge gap in the literature. Research Entrance Test.
Research Setting and Participants. Pre-post test. Procedures of the Study. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION.
Description of Data. Pre-post-tests. Pre-test Scores. Post-test Scores.
Effective Approach in Teaching Grammar. Results of questionnaire. Learning the grammatical rules helps me produce grammatically correct sentences. I believe that I can improve my grammatical accuracy through practice of grammatical structures.
Sometimes I have difficulties in producing language in a natural conversation because I focus largely on correct use of grammar. I need to know the structural pattern and its function before I can use it proficiently. I expect my teacher to present and explain grammatical points. Learning grammatical rules is very useful for me.
I feel insecure when the teacher does not explain the grammatical rules81 4. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS. Summary of the Study. Significance of the findings.
Implication for EFL teachers. Implication for different types of learners. Limitations and Suggestions for Further Research. Limitations of Deductive Approach.
Limitations of Inductive Approach. Suggestions for further research. 93 APPENDICES vii LIST OF TABLES Table 2. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Deductive Approach (Widodo, 2006).
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Inductive Approach (Widodo, 2006). The relationship between two types of grammar instruction (Krashen, 1993). Means of classes in Ngo May Secondary School. Number of participants.
The Reliability of the Pre-post Tests. The Reliability of Questionnaire. Conversion of the Actual Score into a Five Scale Score. Group statistics of pre-test results of Experimental and Control Group.
Difference of Level between Inductive class and Deductive class before Intervention. Group statistics of pre-test results of Experimental Group. Independent samples T-test of the Inductive and Deductive Classes before the treatment. The percentage of frequency Pre-test score of Deductive class.
The percentage of frequency Pre-test score of Inductive class. The percentage of frequency Pre-test score of Control Group. Group statistics of Post-test result of Experimental and Control Group. Group statistics of Post-test result of Experimental Group.
Independent samples T-test of the Inductive and Deductive Classes after the treatment. The percentage of frequency Post-test score of Deductive class. The percentage of frequency Post-test score of Inductive class. The percentage of frequency Post-test score of Control Group.
Descriptive statistics of Post-test in Control Group and Experimental Group. The comparison of mean of Pre-test and Post-test in Control Group and Experimental Group. Descriptive statistics of Post-test in Inductive Class and Deductive Class. The comparison of mean of Pre-test and Post-test in Experimental Group.
The reliability statistics of Questionnaire. Learning the grammatical rules helps me produce grammatically correct sentences. I believe that I can improve my grammatical accuracy through practice of grammatical structures. Sometimes I have difficulties in producing language in a natural conversation because I focus largely on correct use of grammar.
I need to know the structural pattern and its function before I can use it proficiently. I expect my teacher to present and explain grammatical points. Learning grammatical rules is very useful for me. I feel insecure when the teacher does not explain the grammatical rules.
82 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. Dirven’s distinction between pedagogical and descriptive grammar. The system of Interlanguage (Lary Selinker, 1972). Histogram of Control Pre-test Score.
Histogram of Experimental Pre-test Score. Frequency Distribution Pre-test Score of Deductive Class. Frequency Distribution Pre-test Score of Inductive class. Frequency Distribution Pre-test Score of Control Group.
Inductive Approach of rules. Deductive approach of rules. Histogram of Control Post-test Score. Histogram of Experimental Post-test Score.
Frequency Distribution Post-test score of Deductive Class. Frequency Distribution Post-test score of Inductive Class. Frequency Distribution Post-test score of Control Group. Learning the grammatical rules helps me produce grammatically correct sentences.
I believe that I can improve my grammatical accuracy through practice of grammatical structures. Sometimes I have difficulties in producing language in a natural conversation because I focus largely on correct use of grammar. I need to know the structural pattern and its function before I can use it proficiently. I expect my teacher to present and explain grammatical points.
Learning grammatical rules is very useful for me. I feel insecure when the teacher does not explain the grammatical rules. 81 x LIST OF ABBREVIATION EFL : English as Foreign Language FOF : Focus on Form BAAL : The British Association for Applied Linguistics 1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 introduces the rationale underlying this current study.
The chapter includes six main parts: the Rationale, the Aims and the Objectives of the Study, Research Questions, the Scope of the Study, the Significance of the Study, and the Organization of the Study. Rationale English, an international language which is used by many people all over the world, is the target language which is taught in most schools in Vietnam and is used to be mean of communicate among nations either in spoken or written form. It is also considered as one of the requisite languages in the world and is crucial to learn, especially for young learners. It can be used in giving or receiving information as well as for advancement of education, technology and arts.
It is also necessary for parents to prepare their child to study English as soon as possible since their brain is ready for learning and most of them have abilities to memorize well from a very early age. Throughout the history of second language and foreign language, both grammar and grammar teaching have always been at the center of methodological discussion in teaching English. Many scholars have been conducting their research on the importance of the teaching and learning of grammar. Most of them share the view that the role of grammar and teaching grammar are essential parts in language learning.
Brown (1994) stated that the teaching of grammar besides vocabularies should be a central aspect of foreign language teaching. With the rise of communicative methodology in the late 1970s, the role of grammar instruction was restrained, and it was even believed that teaching grammar was not only helpless but also detrimental. Nonetheless, recent research has demonstrated the need for formal instructions for learners to 2 achieve high levels of accuracy, which is one important constituent of language proficiency. Additionally, it is necessary for students to learn grammar so that they can understand English as a second language.
According to Widodo (2006), grammar has its own superiority in language learning, especially in English as a foreign language. Having good knowledge of grammar is important in order to have the ability to communicate successfully. In other words, improper use of grammar will not convey meaningful messages.