Luận văn thạc sĩ UEH: Tác động của giá dầu đến lạm phát tại Việt Nam – Truong Ngo Trong Nghia

Luận văn thạc sĩ phân tích ueh the impact of oil price on inflation the case of vietnam, đánh giá thực trạng, chỉ ra hạn chế, đề xuất giải pháp khả thi cho thực tiễn.

Trường đại học

University of Economics

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

thesis

2012

93
2
0

Phí lưu trữ

35 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

Acknowledgement

Certification

Abstract

1. Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1. Problem statement

1.2. Research Objectives

1.3. Research Questions

1.4. Scope and methodology of the sstudy

1.5. Thesis structure

2. Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1. Review oil shocks in history

2.1.1. Definition of oil shock

2.1.2. Measure price of oil

2.1.3. Key oil shocks

2.1.3.1. Suez Crisis in period 1956-1957
2.1.3.2. OPEC Embargo in 1973-1974

3. Chapter 3: Model Specification and Data

3.1. Steps of Estimation

3.2. Unit root testing

3.3. Granger Causality Test

3.4. Impulse response functions

4. Chapter 4: The impact of oil price on inflation-the case of Vietnam

4.1. Unit Root Test

4.2. Var Granger Causality Test

4.3. Impulse Responses and Variance Decompositions

5. Chapter 5: Conclusion and Policy Implication

5.1. Limitation and Further Studies

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Acronyms

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS THE IMPACT OF OIL PRICE ON INFLATION THE CASE OF VIET NAM A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By TRUONG NGO TRONG NGHIA Academic Supervisor: DR. NGUYEN VAN NGAI HO CHI MINH CITY, NOVEMBER 2012 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Acknowledgement Over two years not so long but it is one of the most interesting periods of my life with many impressive memories. I would like to take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude to the Vietnam-Netherlands Master Program for Economics of Development for organizing many helpful and exciting curriculums. For the completion of this thesis, I have indebted to many people who have given me their continued support, advice and guidance. First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Nguyen Van Ngai who gave me valuable guidelines, comments, suggestions, and inspiration for the successful completion of this study. Besides, his friendly and thoughtful instructions have given me a great deal of encouragements to overcome difficulties in the whole research process. I am also thankful to Dr. Nguyen Trong Hoai, Dr. Nguyen Hoang Nam, Dr. Tu Van Binh, MBA Ly Thi Minh Chau, Tutor-Mr. Phung Thanh Binh and all lecturers and program administrators in the Vietnam – The Netherlands Program for M. in Development Economics. They gave me advanced knowledge and help me kindly during the course. I would like to express my heartfelt thank to all my classmates in MDE15, MDE16, especially Tran Tuyet Hanh, Tran Van Long, Le Trong Binh, Vo Thi Ngoc Trinh, Le Anh Khang, Nguyen Van Dung, Nguyen Xuan Phap, Nguyen Le Thao Nguyen and other classmates for their continuous support and encouragement. Last but not least, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my parents, my brother, my close friends who have always given the most favorable environment and kept encouraging me that made me feel more confident during my study. ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Certification “I certify that the content in this thesis has not already been submitted for any degree and has not submitted for any other degree until now. I certify that this thesis is done from the best of my knowledge. All the aids that I received during the time in preparing the thesis as same as all sources used have been acknowledged in my thesis.” Signature Truong Ngo Trong Nghia Date: / / 2012 iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Abstract A steep upward trend in the price of crude oil in recent years, reaching a spike record in middle of 2008, has led to increasing concern about its impacts on macroeconomic, both abroad and in Vietnam. In this study, using the vector auto regression approach (VAR) with monthly dataset from 2001M1 to 2010M10, I attempt to empirically investigate the dynamic effects of oil price and Vietnam macroeconomics. Focusing on the reduced-form of causal relationships between world oil price (expressed in Vietnamese price) and macroeconomic variables, I have used both linear and non linear form of oil prices to get the results of their impact on price level and output. In empirical analysis, I find consistent evidence that oil price shocks have a significant effect on output and price level in short term. In detail, my research finds a weak and positive statistically significant association between oil price shocks and price level. The output is more highly sensitive and I find an empirical evidence about the negative impact of oil price shocks on economic growth although it’s not straight forward. I also assert the existence of asymmetric impact of oil price proxies’ changes on economic growth rate. Key words: inflation, GDP, oil price shock, VAR models, Cointegration, Granger causality, Phillips curve iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement . ii List of Tables . 4 List of Figures . 5 List of Acronyms .4 Scope and methodology of the Study . 10 Chapter 2: Literature Review .1 Review oil shocks in history .1 Suez Crisis in period 1956-1957 .2 OPEC Embargo in 1973-1974: .3 Iranian revolution and oil price fluctuation in 1979 .4 Iran-Iraq War in 1980-1981 .5 The great price collapse in 1981-1986 .6 First Persian Gulf War in 1990-1991 .7 The downtrend of oil price in 2001 .8 Growing demand and stagnant supply .2 How higher oil prices affect the economy . Why oil shock seems to be the big economic headache . 18 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.2 The scenario of oil price and inflation in Vietnam .3 Review price level and inflation theories .4 The transmission mechanism of oil price shocks .5 Approaches to estimate oil impact on macro economy variables .6 Empirical studies about the oil price-macroeconomic relationship . 44 Chapter 3: Model Specification and Data .3 Steps of Estimation .2 Unit root testing .3 Granger Causality Test .4 Impulse response functions . 53 Chapter 4: The impact of oil price on inflation-the case of Vietnam .2 Unit Root Test .3 Var Granger Causality Test .4 Impulse Responses and Variance Decompositions . 70 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Chapter 5: Conclusion and Policy Implication .3 Limitation and Further Studies. 88 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com List of Tables Table 2.1: Summary results of empirical studies .1 The definition of variables in the model .1: Description statistic of key variables .2: Augment Dickey-Fuller test .3: Philips-Perron test .4: Optimal lag length.5: VAR Granger- CausalityTest .6: Variance Decompositions for Var Model .7: Granger causality test of proxies of oil price shocks .8: Accumulated Response of PC_IP_SA to non-linear oil price shocks . 68 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com List of Figures Figure 2.1: Price of oil in 2009 dollars, 1973:M1-2010:M10. Price of West Texas Intermediate deflated by CPI (Hamilton, 2011).2: The natural logarithm of the real price of oil, 1861-2009, in 2009 U.3: When oil prices head up, the US turns grey: the oil market and US recessions .4: Illustration of oil price and macroeconomic variables in level .5: Factor contributions of price level .6: Cost-push inflation in the AS-AD model .7: Demand-pull inflation in the AS-AD model .8: Two round effects of oil price increases .9: Mix transmission channels of oil price shocks .1: The relationships of variables .2: The impulse response functions for basic model .3: The variance decompositions of variables .4: The impulse response functions of output to negative oil price changes .5: The impulse response functions of price level to net oil price increase . 69 5 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com List of Acronyms AIC: Akaike Information Criterion AR: Autoregressive ARCH: Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity CPI: Consumer Price Index GARCH: Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity INF: Inflation OLS: Ordinary least squares OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries PPI: Producer Price Index SBV: State Bank of Vietnam SC: Schwartz criterion UK: the United Kingdom US: the United States of America VAR: Vector Auto Regressive WTI: West Texas Intermediate 6 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Problem statement Most of nations, oil industry plays critical roles for the development in economic, industrial, and social activities. In fact, oil price volatility not only brings a negative effect on the GDP growth for country because of increasing of input costs, but also influences foreign exchange markets, generates higher interest rate, leads to monetary and financial instability, and last but not least produces inflation. In recent years, although Vietnam is to start a crude oil exporter but we still import a large amount of petrol. The volatile oil prices and oil shocks potentially cause vulnerability of the economy Vietnam. The story of inflation is going on and will certainly create bad impacts. Inflation was rather low from 1996 to 2006. But after 2006, high inflation returned to Vietnam’s economy with two-digit rate. At the early beginning of the year 2011, Viet Nam has to face with the very high pressure of inflation. On 24 February, 2011, the Viet Nam’s Government has to issue the 11 The Resolution of "package solution" to control inflation, stabilize macro-economy, ensuring social security. Because of the inflation in Viet Nam is so hot up to now. This study tries to make the researches on two aspects as follows: First, most of the empirical studies focused primarily on the relationship between oil price and macroeconomics in the economy of the developed countries such as US or OECD countries (e. Brown et at, 1995, 1999, 2004; Cunado and Gracia, 2003; Darrat and Otis, 1996; Hamilton, 1983, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2009, 2011; Hooker, 1996, 1999; Jimenez and Sanchez, 2004, 2005; Katsuya, 2008; Lee et al, 2002; Mork, 1989, 1994; Mory, 1993; Nagy, 2000; Webber, 2006…). Although some researches of developing countries in Africa (e. Aliyu, 2009; Chhiber & Shafik, 1990; Farrell, 2001; Kiptui, 2009; Nkomo, 2006) could be identified, just few studies of Asian developing countries with relatively high inflation rates could be found. In 7 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com the Vietnamese context, very few studies have been done. Therefore, more empirical researches are needed in the context of Vietnamese economy. Second, this study is informative and useful for authorities through some evidences. One important is the Granger causality between macroeconomic variables and oil prices in the short term. In addition, the evidence of asymmetrical relationship between the oil price changes–inflation rate and in oil price changes–economic growth rate will be presented. All these evidences above pass through some results of impulse response and affective decomposition in Vietnam. They will have reliable economical basis to propose and implement policies in order to alleviate significantly negative impact of oil shocks as same as to develop the economy less dependently on petroleum.2 Research Objectives With the respect to the period of 2001-2010, this study aims mainly the impact of oil price on inflation in Vietnam. Following the main objectives for the case of Vietnam, the study is attempted: - To analyze the effect of oil prices on macro economies, especially the price level and output. - To find out the evidence of asymmetries when oil price is in trend of increasing and in trend of decreasing throughout examining the relationship between proxies of oil price changes and inflation rates and proxies of oil price changes and economic growth rate. - To suggest policies to stabilize macroeconomic.3 Research Questions In order to meet these objectives, the thesis will attempt to answer the following questions: Main question: - What are the impacts of oil price and its proxies on the macro economy in the context of Vietnam over the period of 2001-2010? 8 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Sub-questions: - Which are the directions of the causality relationships among oil price, price level and output? - How are the impacts of oil price on the macroeconomics? - Are there any different impacts of proxies of oil price on inflation rate and economic growth rate of Vietnam when oil price is in trend of increasing and in trend of decreasing? - What policies should be implied to mitigate the bad impacts of oil price and to develop Vietnam macro economy more sustainably? 1.4 Scope and methodology of the sstudy This study applies both qualitative and quantitative method. The first one will be concerned later on a little bit in section 2. The second one will be concerned mainly in section 2.6 and others next.

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