VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES wlles CAO THI BAO NGỌC IMPLEMENTING “GALLERY WALK” TO REDUCE ENGLISH LANGUAGE SPEAKING ANXIETY AMONG GRADE 10 STUDENTS: AN ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT AT A HIGH SCHOOL IN HAI PHONG (Ap dụng kĩ thuật “Gallery walk” dé giảm sự lo lắng khi nói Tiếng Anh của học MA. MINOR THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 8140231.01 Hanoi — 2024 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES wills CAO THI BAO NGOC IMPLEMENTING “GALLERY WALK” TO REDUCE ENGLISH LANGUAGE SPEAKING ANXIETY AMONG GRADE 10 STUDENTS: AN ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT AT A HIGH SCHOOL IN HAI PHONG (Ap dung kĩ thuật “Gallery walk” dé giảm sự lo lắng khi nói Tiếng Anh của học MA. MINOR THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 8140231.01 Supervisor: Ta Thi Thanh Hoa, PhD. Hanoi — 2024 DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP I certify that the minor thesis entitled “Implementing “Gallery Walk” to reduce English language speaking anxiety among grade 10 students: An action research project at a high school in Hai Phong” is the result of my own work and has not been submitted in any form for another degree or diploma at any universities or other institutions.
I am fully aware that should this declaration be found to be dishonest, disciplinary action and penalties in accordance with university policies and rules can be imposed. Hanoi, 2024 Student’s signature Cao Thi Bao Ngoc Approved by SUPERVISOR (Signature and full name) Ta Thi Thanh Hoa, PhD. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all of the people that assisted me during the completion of this paper. First and foremost, I want to express my heartfelt thankfulness to Ms.
Ta Thi Thanh Hoa for accepting to be my supervisor. Without her constructive comments and continuous guidance throughout the whole process, I would not have been able to complete this minor thesis. Her suggestions are of great help whenever I find myself in confusion. I am extremely appreciative of her tolerance even when I pose a lot of inquiries and sometimes slack off in my progress.
Secondly, Iam immensely grateful towards my students for their cooperation and willingness to become participants in this research. Their support is of fundamental importance to the conduct of this study. Thirdly, I would also want to express my genuine appreciation to my family members and my beloved friends, Buoi Entertainment, the Great Minds and Khanh Hoa. They have been my solid backing who I can lean on for mental support to overcome all the adversities along the way.
They respect all my decisions and support me at their best. In addition, they offer me useful suggestions in generating a thesis topic, collecting and analyzing the data. Furthermore, I greatly value the spiritual strength that I gain from my idols. They are my inspirational role models when it comes to a never-giving-up spirit.
Thanks to them, I learn to put enormous effort in everything I do. They are also my source of delight during the time I feel stuck accomplishing this paper. Finally, I also want to dedicate this minor thesis to myself for moving out of my comfort zone and not giving up despite the challenges of balancing my schedule. It has been an arduous journey of teaching, doing assignments and completing thousands of other tasks, but thankfully, I successfully sailed through them and completed this paper.
il ABSTRACT This action research was conducted to obtain a deeper insight into the experiences of English speaking anxiety among the students and the potential of Gallery Walk instruction technique in alleviating anxiety as well as their attitudes towards its application. This study was based in a high school in Hai Phong city with 34 grade 10 students as participants. Guided by foreign language anxiety theory of Horwitz, the research adopted pre and post questionnaires as well as semi-structured interviews to collect data. For data analysis, both qualitative and quantitative approach were utilized, including descriptive statistics and content analysis.
Results showed that students suffered from a moderate speaking anxiety level and were affected by spontaneous speaking, fear of losing face for making mistakes, limited language capabilities and lack of speaking opportunities. Moreover, learners’ speaking anxiety levels were lowered after Gallery Walk was applied in English language lessons and the most noticeable improvement was found in highly anxious students. It was also discovered that although there existed some points that are worth considering when applying the technique, most of involved participants exhibited favorable attitudes towards the implementation of Gallery Walk in different aspects involving increased interaction with classmates and teachers, usefulness in improving speaking performances and motivation to express their opinions in English. The findings have numerous pedagogical implications both theoretically and practically for high school English teachers in designing their classroom activities to reduce students’ speaking anxiety with considerations related to speaking opportunities, supportive environment, sufficient input, diversity in instructional strategies and classroom interactions.
Key words: action research, speaking anxiety, Gallery Walk, English classes ili LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. The Affective Filter Hypothesis (Krashen, 198 ]). Foreign language anxiety model (Horwitz et al. The Linguistic Coding Differences Hypothesis Model (Sparks & €ci 910065500777.
FL classroom environment (Kim, 2002). Illustration of rotation scheme in Gallery WaÏk. Action research spiral model by Kemmis and McTaggart (1988). Percentages of participants’ FLSA levels before the intervention.
Mean scores of four main speaking anxiety ẨaCfOTS. Comparison of percentages of participants’ FLSA levels before and after the Intervention 0T. Comparisons of manifestations of anxiety before and after the application Of Gallery 1 T1. Comparisons of manifestations of anxiety among students in high level group before and after the application of Gallery WaÌk.
Comparisons of manifestations of anxiety among students in moderate level group before and after the application of Gallery WalkK. s55 ++<+++ss2 66 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 3. Units in the new English 10 tex†DOOE. Reliability statistics of anxiety questionnaires.
Reliability statistics of perception questIOnniair€S. Interpretation of reliability coefẨicI€nnfS. Interpretation of speaking anxiety levels (Oztiirk & Giirbiiz, 2014). Interpretation of attitude questionnaires (Paranapiti, 2014).
The level of English language speaking anxiety before the intervention. Details of the participants in the interview before the intervention. Major sources of speaking anxiety. Statements of anxiety regarding peer effect.
eee eecseeseeeteceeteeeteeeeees 54 Table 4. Statements of anxiety regarding spontaneous speaking. Statements of anxiety regarding unsatisfactory speaking abilities. Statements of anxiety regarding fear of making mistakes.
Comparison of English language speaking anxiety level before and after the INCETVENTION. eee eeceeeeecceececeeceesesseeseeseesecsecseesecsecsecsesscesseeneesesessesaeesesseeseseeseeseeesaeeaeenees 60 Table 4. The difference in students’ speaking anxiety scores before and after the application of Gallery Walk. Comparison of the number of participants’ FLSA levels before and after 00Is1ï1a⁄42)015101ÿEEẶẸCđiaaddiii444Ó.
Speaking anxiety levels of students in high level group before and after the treatment 1. Speaking anxiety levels of students in moderate level group before and bì) 90 sãn>13i19)1 2525251511117. Details of the participants in the second interview after the intervention. Findings of students’ perception towards the use of Gallery Walk.
Statements regarding collaboration and social aspects of Gallery Walk. Statements regarding Gallery Walk’s usefulness in improving students’ Speaking Skis. eee eceseeseeseeseeeseesecsecsesseesesseseeseecsseesecsessesaesessesseseseeseaseaseaees 71 Table 4. Statements regarding motivation and confidence boost by Gallery Walk.73 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS EFL English as a foreign language ESL English as a second language FLA Foreign language anxiety FLCAS Foreign language classroom anxiety scale FLSA Foreign language speaking anxiety MOET Ministry of Education and Training vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP.
5 5< G SH HH 0 000009090 ii ABSTTR. G9000 400040004004 080 iii LIST OF FIGURES. HH TH 090 000080040004004 080 iv LIST OF TABLES. 0000000 4040904Y LIST OF ABBREVILATTIONS.
0 cọ họ Họ TH HT. 000960 vỉ TABLE OF CONTENTS .0 Vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. Rationale for the researCH:. G2 21131119111 111911911 911111111 ng ng nry 1 1.
Aim and objectives of the SfUy. Research QU€SẨIOTIS.- - - G 1 13 11H TH ng HH HH ng kt 3 1. Scope of the Study “ad. Method of the 7.
Organization Of the tÏ€S1S. - - c1 1132101133111 91111 1111 11 111 1H 1H ng ng rệt 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE RIEVIYM. Foreign language speaking aXI€ẨY.-- -- - tk TH TH TH ng ng re 7 Pin 6. Foreign language anxiety (FA).- -- -- c 11v SH TH ng ng rệt 7 2.
Foreign language speaking anxiety (FLSA). Gallery in nh. Previous studies on FLA and FLƯŠ À.- - 6 5 E511 91 9121191 1 9v vn nh ey 20 2. Previous studies on the application of Gallery Walk in teaching English.
Restatement of research qU€SfIOTNS. Data collection 1nSfTUTTTIES.- 5 G6 5 3191119119001 93011911191 101 ng ng ng ưy 41 3. Data collection procedure 0n. 48 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS .scĂSsĂSsSSe°Sessesse 50 4.
Data analysis of the speaking anxiety ÏeV€ÌS. Data analysis of students’ attitudes towards the use of Gallery Walk. 79 CN hìcc¡?ịịỈaz:aiá. - «x13 9v 9 9H HH ng ng ngư 89 5.
Limitations of the 2. Suggestions for further research. HH HH HH 0000000009010 94 APPENDIX 1. FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM ANXIETY SCALE.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE SPEAKING ANXIETY QUESTIONNAIRE .cscsscssssscsscsccsscescsssnssesssssnsssssssscsscescnssescsssnssssssessessesssscsscoseoes Wi APPENDIX 3. ATTITUDES TOWARDS GALLERY WALK QUESTIONNAIRE =. ÔỒÔ VỊ APPENDIX 4. INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR STUDENTS.
SAMPLE ACTION PLAN. EXTRACTS OF OBSERVATION AND REFLECTION NOTES ".ÔÔÔỐÔỐỐỐ Xv APPENDIX 7. GALLERY WALK READING MATERIALS. PICTURES OF STUDENTS’ POSTERS AND GALLERY WALK SESSIONGS.
HH HH HH HH0 00000000 XXIV APPENDIX 9. PHIẾU DONG THUẬN THAM GIA NGHIÊN CỨU. XXXII vill CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This section provides a general overview of the study, outlining its rationale, aims, objectives, research questions as well as its scope, significance, methods and thesis organization. Rationale for the research A large number of studies have been carried out into the relationship between affective factors and the language learning process, concentrating on personality traits that could influence language learning either positively (enjoyment and motivation) or negatively (anxiety and low self-esteem) (Ozturk & Gurbuz, 2013).
Among the aforementioned concepts, “anxiety” is a common factor that has been a major concern for language researchers since the 1980s (Young, 1990). The type of anxiety that tremendously challenges non-native English speakers is known as English language anxiety, which has been shown in previous research to significantly impair learners’ oral proficiency - the ability of students to simultaneously process language input and generate their own ideas (Fang-peng & Dong, 2010). Many teachers deem teaching speaking a demanding task in comparison with other language aspects (Brown & Yule, 1999) and speaking is also the skill that provokes a great deal of anxiety for language learners (Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope, 1986). This, as stated by Horwiz et al.
(1986) and Gkonou (2014), is proved to disturb not only beginners but also talkative and proficient individuals and make them become silent in foreign language classes. As an English teacher at an upper secondary school in Hai Phong, the researcher observed that a large number of her students were reluctant to raise their voice during English lessons despite their language capabilities. They often resorted to silence throughout English periods, especially speaking lessons. When prompted to respond to questions or articulate thoughts in English, they appeared to be very anxious and stressed for fear of not being able to make themselves understood and having nothing to say.
Moreover, she also noticed that there were not enough speaking opportunities for all students in her class due to an overemphasis on vocabulary, grammar and reading in the curriculum in preparation for entrance exam into universities. Additionally, in limited class time, the teacher was frequently required to cover a large amount of knowledge as well as deal with the challenges in managing oral tasks for more than 30 students in a class, which reduced the amount of time available for more fluency development practice.