MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING PHENIKAA UNIVERSITY GRADUATION PAPER A STUDY ON DIFFICULTIES IN ESSAYS WRITING OF THE SECOND-YEAR ENGLISH MAJORS AT PHENIKAA UNIVERSITY (Nghiên cứu về những khó khăn trong viết luận của sinh viên năm thứ hai chuyên ngành ngôn ngữ anh tại Trường Đại học Phenikaa) Student: Truong Thi Thuong Student ID No: 20010025 Course: 2020-2024 Field: English Language Mode of study: Full – time Supervisor: Pham Viet Phu, M.A Ha Noi – 2024 i ABSTRACT Recognizing essay writing as a critical component of academic success in the English major, the research aims to pinpoint the primary challenges second-year English majors at Phenikaa University face. This graduation paper focuses on various aspects, including vocabulary, grammar, time management, and the integration of academic sources. Through surveys and interviews conducted with a representative sample of these students, comprehensive data were gathered to provide a nuanced understanding of these difficulties. The study aims to explore the second-year students’ perceptions of the role of writing essays, indicating that they struggle most with expanding their academic vocabulary, as well as consistently and correctly applying grammatical structures.
Many students also report significant challenges in organizing their ideas coherently and organizing their essays effectively. Furthermore, the process of finding and correctly citing academic sources poses considerable difficulties, which impedes their ability to produce well-supported arguments in their writing. Time pressure emerged as another critical issue, with students often finding it difficult to allocate sufficient time for the various parts of essay writing, from introduction to conclusion. The findings underscore the need for targeted support and instructional strategies to enhance students’ writing skills.
The study suggests incorporating more focused vocabulary and grammar exercises, structured writing workshops, and training on effective time management and research skills. ii DECLARATION I, Truong Thi Thuong – Student ID No: 20010025, certify that no part of the above report has been copied or reproduced by me from any other person’s work without acknowledgement and that the report is originally written by me under the strict guidance of my supervisor. Hanoi, …… July, 2024 Supervisor Student Pham Viet Phu, M.A Truong Thi Thuong iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the process of studying, and researching the topic “A Study on Difficulties in Essays Writing of the Second-year English Majors at Phenikaa University”, I have received the support, help, and attention of many individuals as well as groups. First of all, I would like to express my profound gratitude to my supervisor - M.
Pham Viet Phu, who directly guided and helped me with knowledge, materials, and methods for me to complete this graduation paper project. It was his pedagogical expertise and research experience that helped me complete the project completely and on time. Secondly, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the 196 second-year English major students at Phenikaa University who responded to the survey, for their willingness to take the time to share their views. Their participation and cooperation throughout the data collection process were crucial for the completion of this study.
Finally, I am extremely grateful to my family and friends for always being a great source of encouragement to help me try and empower me to be motivated to explore and research to be able to complete this graduation paper in the best way. Despite many efforts, in this study topic, there are inevitably shortcomings. We hope teachers, experts, and those interested in the topic will continue to have comments and help to make the topic more complete. Thank you again! iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1: INTRODUCTION.
Rationale of the study. Objectives of the study. Significance of the study. Scope of the study.
Structure of the study. 7 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW. Definition of writing. Defenition of “Essay writing”.
Characteristics of Essay Writing. The structure of Essay Writing. Stages of Essay Writing. Essay writing challenges.
Causes of essay writing challenges. 14 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY AND STUDY DESIGN. Findings from questionnaire. The role of Wring in English learning.
Problems faced by students during the essay writing process. Causes for students’ problems in writing. Findings from interviews. Lack of vocabulary.
Various grammar problems. Lack of time management skill. Other writing problems. Findings from the analysis of interviewed students’ essays.
Coherence and cohesion. Grammatical range and accuracy. Implication of the study. Limitations of the study.
xiii APPENDIX 1: “Challenges in Essay Writing for Second-year English Majors at Phenikaa University” .xiv APPENDIX 2: Student Interview Questions .xxiv APPENDIX 3: Represented transcript of the interview results .xxvi APPENDIX 4: Represented sample analyzing common mistakes in students’ essays .xxix vi LIST OF FIGURES No. of figures Title of figures Page Figure 2.1 Reliability Statistics 22 Figure 3.1 Language skills are practiced most in the classroom 36 Figure 3.2 Language skills are practiced most outside the classroom 36 Figure 3.3 Size of English classes at Phenikaa University 47 vii LIST OF TABLES No. of tables Title of tables Page Table 3.1 Description of the questionnaire participants 25 Table 3.2 Language skills are most important 26 Table 3.3 Students’ background knowledge 26 Table 3.4 Rank of confidence about essay writing 29 Table 3.5 Students’ most challenging aspect of essay writing 30 Table 3.6 Students’ brainstorming methods 31 Table 3.7 Students’ common challenges when organizing essays 33 A sense of self-study to improve the essay-writing skills of Table 3.9 Vocabulary and grammar proficiency of students 40 Table 3.10 Analyzing and utilizing sources in essays 40 Table 3.11 Preferred essay writing support methods of students 41 Table 3.12 Impact of class size on personalized feedback 44 Table 3.13 Factors impacting essay writing ability of students 47 Frequency table indicating the common mistakes identified Table 3.14 52 in the essays viii LIST OF ACRONYMS EFL English as a Foreign Language ESL English as a Second Language IELTS International English Language Testing System QR Quick response S1 Student 1 S2 Student 2 S3 Student 3 S4 Student 4 S5 Student 5 S6 Student 6 S7 Student 7 S8 Student 8 S9 Student 9 S10 Student 10 SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 1 PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the study In recent years, learning English in Vietnam has become an indispensable need, especially when Vietnam is increasingly promoting deeper integration with the world.
English is not only an international language for communication, but it is also an important tool for human learning and research. Recognizing this, universities in Vietnam, including Phenikaa University, have been making efforts to improve English teaching programs to help students improve their academic English skills, focusing on essay writing skills as an indispensable part for students majoring in English Language. As Harmer [1] points out, “Writing encourages students to focus on using language accurately because they think as they write, it can stimulate language development as they solve the problems the text puts in their minds.” This makes essay writing an important part of both academic outcomes and the future application of professional communication in English. Phenikaa University is known for its comprehensive English major program, which is designed to provide students with the necessary language skills for both their academic and professional success.
The curriculum includes many different subjects, spanning from the first year to the fourth year from general subjects, culture of English-speaking countries, English literature, and practical language skills,. One among them is a particularly important subject: “Practical English – Writing.” This course aims to improve students’ academic writing skills, teaching them how to write clear, well-structured essays and solve problems posed by the task. The ability to write good essays is important in both academic and work environments. For university-level students, effective essay writing is necessary to explain or prove complex arguments, be able to participate in scientific research and achieve good academic results.
Hyland [2] once said: “Writing is not only a means of conveying 2 information but also a way of constructing knowledge and interacting with others.” It can be understood that, at school or work, good writing skills are necessary to be able to perform tasks such as writing reports, proposals, letters, and various types of communication, etc. Therefore, learning to write essays well not only helps students do better in school but also helps them prepare for the needs of the global job market that is demanding of students with good English language output. However, even with a planned curriculum and focused training, English majors often have difficulty writing essays, especially students who are in their second year. Effective writing requires choosing the right words, using correct grammar, and organizing ideas clearly according to Grabe & Kaplan [3], it is also the problem that second-year English majors at Phenikaa University face.
They have difficulty with grammar, vocabulary, generating ideas, structuring essays, maintaining coherence, citing sources properly managing their time, etc. Solving these challenges is extremely important, in order to raise students’ proficiency standards and meet the graduation requirements of the Faculty of English and the school, thereby achieving educational goals. In short, understanding and solving the difficulties that students encounter when writing essays is very urgent. It plays a big part in improving their academic performance, increasing their confidence in handling assigned tasks, and can in turn equip them with important skills for their future careers.
In addition, understanding certain difficulties of students in writing essays for second-year students majoring in English can also contribute a small part to improving the overall quality of education majoring in English Language. in particular, and at Phenikaa University in general by ensuring that students are well prepared for both academic and career challenges. Objectives of the study This study was conducted to understand and analyze the challenges that second-year English majors at Phenikaa University encounter in the essay writing process. Specifically, the research aims to achieve the following goals: • Identify key issues related to students’ essay writing skills, including grammar, vocabulary, idea generation, essay structure, coherence, time management, etc.
• Assess the impact of these difficult factors on students’ ability to write essays, thereby determining which factors cause the greatest obstacle. • Explore the causes of these difficulties to understand how personal, academic, and environmental factors all greatly influence students’ essay writing abilities. • Provide recommendations and suggestions to improve essay writing learning methods and improve students’ academic writing skills. By achieving the above set goals, this study aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the current state of essay writing by second-year English majors at Phenikaa University, thereby contributing to improving the quality of teaching and learning at school.
Significance of the study Reflecting on the urgency of the research topic mentioned in the “Rationale of the study” section, it can be clearly seen that the importance of this research lies in its ability to find specific challenges in the essay writing process as well as deeply explore the causes leading to essay writing challenges faced by second-year English majors at Phenikaa University. To date, a few studies have been conducted at Phenikaa University to specifically understand the difficulties of these students in their efforts to learn and practice essay writing. This study aims to fill this gap by providing detailed insights into the issues that hinder students’ writing proficiency, 4 from which practical recommendations can be considered to improve learning strategies and practical applications according to student output standards. First, this study will shed light on the obstacles that hinder students’ ability to write essays coherently and apply strong structure.
By identifying these problems, researchers can provide specific directions and appropriate approaches to help students better solve their essay writing learning outcomes. Based on the findings of this study, the author can suggest lecturers change or improve current teaching strategies, which will not only enhance students’ writing skills but also contribute to their success. Students’ general learning of specialized English. In fact, this study also has important implications for curriculum development and instructional design at Phenikaa University.