Khảo sát lỗi liên kết đoạn văn trong bài viết tiếng Anh của học sinh lớp 11 tại trường THPT Tùng ...

Luận văn thạc sĩ nghiên cứu vnu ulis an investigation into common paragraph cohesion errors in english language writings by, khảo sát thực trạng, phân tích nguyên nhân, đề xuất

2015

77
1
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

LIST OF TABLES

PART A. INTRODUCTION

A.1. Rationale of the study

A.2. Aims of the study

A.3. Scopes of the study

A.4. Significance of the study

A.5. Methods of the study

A.6. Organization of the study

A.6.1. Chapter I: Theoretical background and Literature review

A.6.2. Chapter II: Research Methodology

A.6.3. Chapter III: Data Analysis and Findings

PART B. DEVELOPMENT

1. CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEWS

1.1. Concept of cohesion

1.2. Coherence

1.3. Cohesive devices

2. CHAPTER II: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3. CHAPTER III: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ************************* TẠ THỊ THANH LÊ AN INVESTIGATION INTO COMMON PARAGRAPH COHESION ERRORS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE WRITINGS BY 11TH GRADE STUDENTS AT TÙNG THIỆN HIGH SCHOOL (KHẢO SÁT CÁC LỖI LIÊN KẾT ĐOẠN VĂN THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG BÀI VIẾT TIẾNG ANH CỦA HỌC SINH LỚP 11, TRƯỜNG THPT TÙNG THIỆN) M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 HANOI – 2015 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ************************* TẠ THỊ THANH LÊ AN INVESTIGATION INTO COMMON PARAGRAPH COHESION ERRORS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE WRITINGS BY 11TH GRADE STUDENTS AT TÙNG THIỆN HIGH SCHOOL (KHẢO SÁT CÁC LỖI LIÊN KẾT ĐOẠN VĂN THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG BÀI VIẾT TIẾNG ANH CỦA HỌC SINH LỚP 11, TRƯỜNG THPT TÙNG THIỆN) M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 Supervisor: DR. NGÔ TỰ LẬP HANOI – 2015 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com DECLARATION I, Tạ Thị Thanh Lê, hereby certify that this thesis, which is entitled “An Investigation into Common Paragraph Cohesion Errors in English Language Writings by 11th Grade Students at Tùng Thiện High School”, is the sole author of this thesis. This thesis has not been submitted for a degree to any other university or institution. It is not containing materials written or has been published by other people and other people‟s ideas except the information from the references. Hanoi, 2015 Tạ Thị Thanh Lê i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not be achieved without the support, guidance, advice, help and encouragement I received from many individuals and organizations. I would like to express my deepest thankfulness to: - my supervisor, Dr. Ngô Tự Lập for his detailed advice, experienced guidance, invaluable comments and suggestions. Without his support, this thesis would be impossible. - all of my lectures and the Post-Graduate staff at the University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University for their valuable lectures on aspects of my concern. - my students and English teachers at Tùng Thiện high school who have participated and give support in the study with their priceless time, attempt and keenness. - my parents and parents-in-law for their wholehearted support and motivation. - my small beloved family who has facilitated and encouraged to finish this study. I could have never thanked you enough and never been able to reply everything that have done and given to me. ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT This research investigates the common paragraph cohesion errors in 672 paragraphs taken from writings by 11th grade students at Tùng Thiện high school. The analysis of this research is based on Halliday and Hasan‟s (1976) cohesion categorization. This study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to find out the types of paragraph cohesion errors with a clear linguistic description. Besides, one aim of this research is to discover the sources of cohesive errors rooted in the combination of two models described by Richard (1974) and James (1998) together with the error analysis of Ellis (1997). Results of this study shows a total of 253 errors are identified in students‟ paragraph that includes errors in the use of reference, conjunction and lexical cohesion. Errors in the use of substitution, ellipsis, temporal and collocation are not found. The percentage of errors in the use of conjunction is 53.8 %, followed by reference category 37.9% and lexical ones 8. The dominant number of error belongs to conjunction; reference is the second dominant error and lexical cohesion is the last dominant error. The main reasons for committing common cohesive errors rooted in three main sources: (1) intra-lingual errors (the interference between English items), (2) inter-lingual (the interference between Vietnamese and English) and (3) other extra-lingual factors like the performance pressure, false conceptualization, the limited foreign language environment, learners‟ attitudes, learners motivation and goal which come both from the teachers and the learners. The study proposes practical implications for both teachers and students to eliminate these kinds of errors and improve the quality of students‟ writing. iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES: Table 1: The number of errors in the use of cohesive devices. Errors and their causes Table 3: Errors in the use of demonstrative reference “the”. Table 4: Errors in the use of demonstrative reference “there”. Table 5: Errors in the use of comparative reference. Table 6: Errors in the use of personal reference. Table 7: Errors in the use of adversative conjunction. Table 8: Errors in the use of causal conjunction Table 9: Errors in the use of additive conjunction iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration by author………………………………………………………………….iii List of table.iv PART A: INTRODUCTION . Rationale of the study. Aims of the study . Scopes of the study. Significance of the study . Organization of the study . 4 CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEWS . Concept of cohesion . Paragraph and paragraph cohesion . Definition of paragraph . Error and error analysis . Sources of errors . 17 CHAPTER II: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY . 21 v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Data collection instrument and data collection . Methods of data analysis . 22 CHAPTER III: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS . Errors in the use of reference. Errors in the use of demonstrative reference. Errors in the use of comparative reference. Errors in the use of personal reference. Errors in the use of conjunction. Errors in the use of adversative conjunction. Errors in the use of causal conjunction. Errors in the use of additive conjunction. Errors in the use of lexical cohesion: Errors in the use of repetition .1 What are the types of paragraph cohesion errors committed by the 11th grade students at Tùng Thiện high school? .2 Why do students commit those errors? . Limitations and suggestions for further research.I vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com PART A: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the study Of all four English skills, writing is always of a great concern to learners. In fact, it poses the most challenging task for English learners in Vietnam; although most of them have learned English since primary school, many feel frustrated and consider writing as a big headache problem for them. Especially, the quality of English written paragraph is limited due to the lack persuasiveness, satisfactory and logical connection of ideas. Several problems that students encounter when writing an English paragraph refers to usage of cohesive device. Besides, a paragraph must flow through a sequence of sentences. In a good written text, each sentence needs to be connected with one another to illustrate the meaning intended by writer. To make readers comprehend this connection, the skillful use of cohesion is demanded to help the students to articulate ideas systematically, logically as well as to avoid creating ambiguity and misinterpretations between what are currently said and what already said previously. Moreover, the written language must be more accurate, more explicit, more effective than spoken one. Learners fear making errors in their writing, but avoiding errors, their focus on writing on is often concentrated on generating grammatically correct sentences rather than on logic and meaning. In fact, basing on the errors that students make in their writing, the teachers and researchers can find out the solution to writing problems like the doctors find the symptoms to diagnose a disease. In the thesis, “An Investigation into Common Paragraph Cohesion Errors in English Language Writings by 11th Grade Students at Tùng Thiện High School” I want to investigate into one of major problems faced by English learners as well as to develop a better teaching writing composition; strategy for teaching. The present study investigates errors in the use of cohesive devices in the paragraph by 11th grade students at Tùng Thiện high school. Several specific research questions addressed by this study are: 1. What are the types of paragraph cohesion errors committed by the 11th grade students at Tùng Thiện high school? 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Why do students commit those errors? Answering these two questions implies solutions to remedy paragraph cohesion. Aims of the study Based on the problems of the study above, the aims of the study are to: - identify the types of cohesive paragraph errors written by 11th grade students at Tùng Thiện high school. - explain the causes of the written errors of English committed by the eleventh grade students in Tùng Thiện high school. - provide suggestions for teaching and learning paragraph writing to Tùng Thiện high school students to reduce and prevent the problems. - provide suggestions for further research. Scopes of the study. The study focuses on common paragraph cohesion errors that 11th grade students at Tùng Thiện high school have made in their writings. Besides, basing on their analyses, the thesis will present some solutions to these problems. Population: 84 students at class 11A3, 11A6 at Tùng Thiện high school in the academic year of 2012/2013. Significance of the study Given that there haven't been any research on the topic so far, the study expected to contribute to understanding paragraph cohesion errors and teaching writing at school both theoretically and practically. + Theoretically: This research provides a linguistic description and explanation of cohesive errors. For learners, this research shows their common errors, therefore they are interested to improve their perception on cohesive devices and be able to apply it appropriately in their writing. For teachers, the findings of this research suggest some teaching approaches and methods that they should use to produce better English essays. 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. For other researchers, this research can be used as references in doing similar research in the same field in the future. Methods of the study The procedures of the data analysis are as follows: 1. The students‟ papers were collected every week. Any errors in the use of cohesive devices were found and the types of cohesive devices error were identified, listed and classified by reading all the paragraphs. Basing on the models of Richards (1971) and James (1998), each kind of sources is categorized and calculated to give an overview about cohesive errors in paragraph of 11th students at Tùng Thiện high school. Organization of the study This study includes the three main parts: Part A: “Introduction”. This part will present the rationale, the aims and the methodology. It will also be discussed to the presentation of the scope, the significance and the organization of the study. This part will consist of four chapters: Chapter I: “Theoretical background and Literature review”. Theoretical matters related to the study are presented including the definition of error analysis, the distinction between errors and mistakes, also sources of errors. Theory about cohesion and the types of cohesive devices and paragraph and paragraph cohesion are also discussed in this chapter. It also reviews related past research. Chapter II: “Research Methodology”. This chapter describes research methodology. It consists of research approach, type of research, subject of the study, source of the data, research instrument, data collection method and data analysis. Chapter III: “Data Analysis and Findings”. In this chapter, the writer analyzes the data and explains her analysis to get the findings then discusses it. This chapter supplies implication with the recommendations for correcting errors in the use of cohesive devices in writing paragraph, suggestions for teaching to prevent and eliminate these errors. It also closes the study with the conclusion and provides suggestions for further study. 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEWS In this chapter, there are two main sections. Firstly, the concepts of cohesion, errors paragraph cohesion are reviewed. Secondly, the previous research studies carried out on cohesion errors in Vietnam and abroad are presented.

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