VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY AN GIANG UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES UNDERGRADUATE THESIS EXPLORING ENGLISH-MAJORED STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF LEARNING CHINESE AT AN GIANG UNIVERSITY PHẠM THỊ NGỌC DIỄM AN GIANG, 6-2022 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY AN GIANG UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES UNDERGRADUATE THESIS EXPLORING ENGLISH-MAJORED STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF LEARNING CHINESE AT AN GIANG UNIVERSITY PHẠM THỊ NGỌC DIỄM ID. DTA187074 ADVISOR: DR. TRẦN THỊ THANH HUẾ AN GIANG, 6-2022 The thesis entitled “EXPLORING ENGLISH-MAJORED STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF LEARNING CHINESE AT AN GIANG UNIVERSITY” by Pham Thi Ngoc Diem has been approved by the adviser and examiners on (day, month) 2022. Examiner 1 Examiner 2 DR.
NGUYEN TIEN NGO DR. NGUYEN DUC HANH Adviser DR. TRAN THI THANH HUE TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS. i LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
iv LIST OF TABLES. viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .1 Rationale of the study .4 Significance of the study .5 Organization of the thesis .4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .1 Teaching and learning Chinese as a foreign language 2.1 The development process of Madarin Chinese teaching and learning .2 The demands of learning Chinese as a foreign language .3 AGU students learning Chinese as a foreign language .2 The factors influencing English-majored students’ perceptions of Chinese learning .1 Advantages of English-majored students in learning Chinese .2 Challenges in learning Chinese .3 Strategies in learning Chinese .4 Learning activities and students’ learning result .5 Students’ attitude toward learning a language .6 Student’s motivation in learning a language .3 Summary of Literature Review .17 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .24 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS .1 Findings from the questionnaire and interviews .1 Students’ experiences in learning Chinese at AGU .2 Students’ perceptions in learning Chinese at AGU .2 Summary of the findings .1 Suggestions for Chinese lecturers and Chinese courses at AGU .2 Suggestions for English – majored students who study Chinese as a foreign language at AGU .4 Suggestions for further research .75 iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AGU An Giang University CFL Chinese as a foreign language CTL Chinese teaching and learning as a foreign language EE Experiential Education EFL English as a foreign language EL Experiential Learning FDI Foreign Direct Investment FFL Faculty of Foreign Language MOET Ministry of Education and Training RCCD Resource Center for Community Development SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Number of participants participating in questionaire. 19 Table 2: Personal information of participants participating in interview. 20 Table 3: The reliability Statistic of questionnaire form by SPSS.
22 Table 4: Summary of items in the questionnaire. 22 Table 5: Comparison between the experiences of learning Chinese of freshmen and sophomores. 25 Table 6: The general experiences of students when learning Chinese at AGU 26 Table 7: Advantages of English-majored students in learning Chinese at AGU 27 Table 8: Students’ challenges of learning Chinese at AGU. 28 Table 9: Challenges of English-majored students of learning Chinese at AGU 29 Table 10: The tendency of students’ strategies of learning Chinese at AGU.
30 Table 11: Students’ strategies of learning Chinese at AGU. 31 Table 12: The tendency of students’ activities of learning Chinese at AGU. 33 Table 13: Students’ activities of learning Chinese at AGU. 33 Table 14: Students’ perceptions of learning Chinese at AGU.
35 Table 15: The tendency of students’ attitude toward learning Chinese at AGU 35 Table 16: Students’ attitude toward learning Chinese at AGU. 36 Table 17: The tendency students’ motivation of learning Chinese at AGU. 37 Table 18: Students’ motivation of learning Chinese at AGU. 37 Table 19: The tendency of students’ expectation of learning Chinese at AGU.
40 Table 20: Students’ expectations in learning Chinese at AGU. 40 v ABSTRACT In Vietnam, the importance of Chinese is not inferior to that of English because China is a very close neighboring country, sharing the similar culture, customs and habits. Therefore, learning Chinese helps students to develop their Chinese skills for future job opportunities. However, despite the development of this language in Vietnam, Chinese learning and teaching has not been widely researched at Vietnamese universities.
This study explored English-majored students’ perceptions and experiences of learning Chinese as a second foreign language at An Giang University. The study employed a mixed-methods approach. At first, the author delivered a questionnaire to 122 English-majored freshmen and sophomores. After that, the author collected further information through one focus group with 8 students.
The results showed that most English-majors at AGU were satisfied with their Chinese studying and teaching curriculum and showed a positive attitude toward learning Chinese. Moreover, the students faced certain difficulties in their Chinese learning process, particularly in Chinese writing skills. The study findings suggested important implications and recommendations for English lecturers and students to improve the effectiveness of Chinese teaching and learning for English-majored students at AGU. vi DECLARATION I certified that the thesis entitled “Exploring English-majored students’ perceptions and experiences of learning Chinese at An Giang University” has been written, and the documents I have reported are true and accurate.
This work belongs to my own intellectual property, and it has not been applied for any other organizations to gain any other qualifications or profit. June 2022 Phạm Thị Ngọc Diễm vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, I would like to send my sincere thanks to all my teachers at the Faculty of Foreign Languages at An Giang University who have provided me with the necessary information to accomplish this research. Secondly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr. Tran Thi Thanh Hue and Mr.
Le Do Thai for the continuous support of my Dissertation, for their patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Their guidance helped me in all the time of my research. I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my Dissertation. Besides my advisors, I would like to say thanks to my friends: Mr.
Nguyen Thanh Nguyen and Ms. Duong Thi Thanh Hang for their encouragement, insightful comments, and reinforcement. Last but not least, I want to convey my gratitude to my family members for their love, care, support, and encouragement in helping me to complete my thesis. viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This chapter includes 5 parts: ( 1) Rationale of the study, (2) Objectives of the study, (3) Research questions, (4) Significance of the study and (5) Organization of the thesis.1 Rationale of the study Nowadays, Chinese is the most widely spoken language, and China’s economy has ranked in the top of the world.
Therefore, there are practical benefits of learning Chinese. It will be a great motivator for students to learn this language. First, Chinese is a popular language in the world, so the student can confidently communicate and learn new knowledge. Second, China is also a country with a culture similar to Vietnam, so ability to use Chinese will help students to promote good relations between the two countries.
Lastly, whilst modernization and globalization, getting Chinese language certificates helps students to be more and more competitive in the society. Therefore, knowing more than one language, especially Chinese - the language that is being used the most in the world, can support English- majored students in competing in the job market. At An Giang University (AGU), although English –majored students can choose between Chinese and French to learn, Chinese is always superior to be picked in comparison to French. On the other hand, teaching and learning Chinese in Vietnamese universities is facing some common problems.
Noticeably, Chinese has only four tones marked one through four and one light tone. However, these tones sound completely different and it is difficult to pronounce them correctly because they have different pitches and complicated changing rules. Besides, Chinese grammar is also very complicated and Chinese has many complex idioms and proverbs. A Chinese proverb or idiom is usually made up of 4 words and they always have implied meanings.
In Vietnam, the extension of the relationship with China in recent years 1 has resulted in an increased requirement for personnel who can communicate in Chinese. Today, learning Chinese is no longer only a need. It has evolved into a powerful and effective tool of communication. Recently, the number of students studying Chinese has increased dramatically, but the number of lecturers has not expanded.
The new equipment has not been installed and the curriculum has not yet been completed. The country's remuneration regime is not particularly attractive to talents, and many teachers have not attempted to participate in scientific research on a regular basis. All of those has made teaching and learning Chinese difficult, particularly in terms of improving the quality of the language. Moreover, research found that the percentage of Vietnamese graduate students who did not fulfill employment Chinese criteria was quite high (Pham & Zhang, 2019).
According to Quang (2019), in recent years, China has becoming one of the countries with the largest number of international students in the world. Applying for a scholarship in this country is not as difficult as in other countries, but the level of compensation is as good as that of the UK or the US. Furthermore, there are many similarities in culture and history between China and Vietnam. For that reason, Chinese can be considered as one of the popular foreign languages for Vietnamese students.
There have been a few studies related to learning Chinese of English- majored students in particular and Vietnamese people in general. Among those, a study on adversities and solutions for English-majored students of bilingual learning confirmed that monolingual is like an invisible wall. It limits human access to the outside world and new sources of knowledge (Pham, 2020). Additionally, another study on English-majored students’ belief of learning Chinese pointed out that Chinese was not difficult to study if students can speak Chinese confidently (Luu, 2020).
Most of the previous studies in Vietnam were about learning Chinese difficulties, learning and teaching Chinese issues, strategies in learning Chinese as both a second and foreign language. 2 At AGU, English-majored students learn Chinese as a foreign language in the Faculty of Foreign Languages (FFL) in their first and second year. The students learn Chinese with Vietnamese teachers and sometimes with Chinese visiting lecturers. Recently, in their BA programs, English-majored students have been taught Chinese and they need to have certificate of HSK3 to graduate from the university.
The HSK3 assesses test takers' abilities in the application of Madarin Chinese. It is the counterpart of the level 3 of the Chinese Language Proficiency Scales for Speakers of Other Languages and the B1 level of the Common European Framework of Reference. Although learning Chinese in addition to English is important, there rarely have studies on English-majored students’ perceptions and experiences of learning Chinese. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore English-majored students’ opinions of studying Chinese, and the benefits and challenges they faced in learning this language.
The study would help to improve teaching and learning Chinese, as well as the benefits and challenges of learning Chinese to improve the experience of teaching and learning Chinese courses at the university.2 Research objectives The study aims to explore English-majored students’ perceptions and experiences of learning Chinese at AGU, specifically advantages and difficulties they had in learning Chinese and suggests recommendations to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning Chinese for lecturers and English majors at AGU.3 Research questions This study asked the following questions: 1. What are English-majored students’ perceptions of learning Chinese at An Giang University? 2. What are English-majored students’ perceived advantages and difficulties in learning Chinese at An Giang University? 3 1.4 Significance of the study Chinese nowadays becomes more and more popular not only in Vietnam but also in the world and it is undeniable that in the future, Chinese will continue to expand its importance in Vietnam.