Hàm Ý Hội Thoại Bốn Nhân Vật Chính Trong Bộ Phim Extra English

Luận văn thạc sĩ nghiên cứu vnu ulis conversational implicature used by 4 main characters in extra english series, đánh giá hiện trạng, phân tích vấn đề, đề xuất biện pháp hoàn

2018

89
1
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

TABLES OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Statement of the problem and rationale for the study

1.2. Aims of the study and research questions

1.3. Scope of the study

1.4. Significance of the study

1.5. Structure of the thesis

2. CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Pragmatics

2.2. Implicature

2.3. Grice’s conversational implicature

2.3.1. Conventional implicature

2.3.2. Conversational implicature

2.3.2.1. Generalized conversational implicature
2.3.2.2. Scalar implicature
2.3.2.3. Particularized conversational implicature

2.4. Cooperative principle

2.5. Non-observance of Maxims

2.5.1. Violating a maxim

2.5.2. Infringing a maxim

2.5.3. Opting out a maxim

2.5.4. Suspending a maxim

3. CHAPTER III: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF “EXTRA ENGLISH”

4. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1. The flouting of 4 maxims

4.2. Strategies of maxim flouting performed by 4 main characters

4.3. The flouting of the maxim of quantity

4.4. The flouting of the maxim of quality

4.5. The flouting of the maxim of relation

4.6. The flouting of the maxim of manner

4.7. Strategies of maxims flouting

4.8. Reasons of maxim flouting

5. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1. Answer to research question 1

5.2. Answer to research question 2

5.3. Implications of the study

5.4. Limitations of the study

5.5. Suggestions for further study

LIST OF FIGURES

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES  PHẠM THỊ THANH LOAN CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE USED BY FOUR MAIN CHARACTERS IN EXTRA ENGLISH SERIES (Hàm ý hội thoại bốn nhân vật chính sử dụng trong bộ phim Extra English) MA THESIS – TYPE 1 Field: English Linguistics Code: 8220201.01 HÀ NỘI – 2018 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES  PHẠM THỊ THANH LOAN CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE USED BY FOUR MAIN CHARACTERS IN EXTRA ENGLISH SERIES (Hàm ý hội thoại bốn nhân vật chính sử dụng trong bộ phim Extra English) MA THESIS – TYPE 1 Field: English Linguistics Code: 8220201.01 Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Minh Tâm, Ph.D HÀ NỘI – 2018 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com DECLARATION I hereby certify that the minor thesis entitled “Conversational implicature used by four main characters in Extra English series” is the result of my own work in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts of Faculty at Post-graduate Studies, University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University of Hanoi. The research has not been submitted to any other universities or institutions. Signature i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest and sincere gratitude to my respectable supervisor, Ms. Nguyễn Thị Minh Tâm for her stimulating suggestions, critical comments and endless support. Also, many thanks go to my parents and all my close friends who always encourage me to keep up my work. All their caring and encouragements are valuable mental support for me to strive more and come over all difficulties. ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT This research aims to identify the types of maxims flouting performed by four main characters, to explain the strategies and reasons used by four main characters to flout the maxims. Moreover, the study is undertaken as an attempt to discover the similarities and differences in their habits of flouting maxims. The research employed both quantitative and qualitative method. The data were in the form of utterances. The source of data was Extra English series. The researcher employed some steps to collect the data: watching the episodes and transcribing the equivalent data to pinpoint the frequency, the strategies and functions used. There are three results in this study. The first result is that all the types of maxim are flouted by four main characters and maxim of relation is flouted the most often. The second result is that there are seven strategies and fourteen reasons used to flout the maxims. The last result draws comparison of the way different characters flouting the maxims. iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLES OF CONTENTS DECLARATION . iii LIST OF FIGURES. Statement of the problem and rationale for the study. Aims of the study and research questions . Scope of the study . Significance of the study . Structure of the thesis . Grice‟s conversational implicature . Non-observance of Maxims . Horn‟s Q principle and R principle . Review of previous studies .17 iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER III. A brief introduction of “Extra English” . FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS . The flouting of 4 maxims . Strategies of maxim flouting performed by 4 main characters. The flouting of the maxim of quantity . The flouting of the maxim of quality . The flouting of the maxim of relation . The flouting of the maxim of manner . Strategies of maxims flouting . Reasons of maxim flouting . CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS. Answer to research question 1 . Answer to research question 2 . Implications of the study . Limitations of the study . Suggestions for further study .61 v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Flouting maxim of Relation . Flouting maxim of Quantity . Flouting maxim of Quality . Flouting maxim of Manner. XVIII vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF FIGURES List of tables No. Tables Page 1 Table 3. Types of flouting Grice‟s maxims and strategies 21,22,23 used 2 Table 4. The number of times flouting maxims by 24 characters 3 Table 4. The ways to flout 4 maxims 26 4 Table 4. Flouting maxim of relation 45 5 Table 4. Flouting maxim of quantity 46 6 Table 4. Flouting maxim of manner 48 7 Table 4. Flouting maxim of quality 49 8 Table 4. Reasons of flouting maxims 51,52,53 List of charts No. Charts Page 1 Chart 4. Tendency of characters flouting the maxims 25 2 Chart 4. The strategies of maxims flouting 27 3 Chart 4. The strategy used to flout maxim of relation 45 4 Chart 4. The strategies used to flout maxim of quantity 47 5 Chart 4. The strategy used to flout maxim of manner 48 6 Charts 4. The strategies used to flout maxim of quality 50 vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. INTRODUCTION This initial chapter presents the problem and the rationale, the aims, the scope and the significance of the thesis. Most importantly, the research questions are identified to work as a guideline for the whole research. Statement of the problem and rationale for the study. Learning a language is much more complicated than understanding the words themselves, when the meanings put in different contexts may create different results. Therefore, it is essential for language learners to thoroughly understand utterances under certain circumstances. Among various fields of studying discourse analysis, conversational implicature is worth being taken into consideration since the hidden meanings it carries really can result in the misunderstanding of a conversation. Extra English series is selected for this research due to three main reasons. First, this is a language education television series designed for learning English purposes, which is quite familiar with those who learn English. Second, with 30 hilarious, half-hour sitcom programmes conducted in an authentic London setting, the study is expected to represent the way native speakers use language in daily life. Last, we can see how laughter is created based on the hidden meanings under the words through funny situations of this sitcom. There are certain previous studies conducted about implicature with diverse types of objects; however, with this study, the researcher would like to put one more brick to the study of implicature in a different context. Furthermore, since it is observed that Vietnamese learners of English often fail in considering the context when speaking English to foreigners, which results in some improper replies, this study is expected to contribute to understanding language in pragmatics. With the aforementioned reasons, the researcher is encouraged to conduct a study on 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com “Conversational implicature used by four main characters in Extra English series”. In this study, the researcher attempts to see how conversational implicature used in this series. Besides, with the purpose of digging a deeper analysis on implicature use, the researcher also hopes to present the similarities and differences among the way each main character using implicature. Aims of the study and research questions The objectives of the study are: 1. to identify the types of maxims flouting and explain the strategies used to flout those maxims by the main characters in English Extra English series. to identify the differences and similarities in the purposes of each main character flouted the maxims. In order to gain the objectives, the research is conducted to answer the following research questions: 1. How are conversational implicature used by four main characters in Extra English series? 2. What are the similarities and differences among the way these characters using conversational implicature? 1. Scope of the study As it was mentioned above, due to the limit of time, the study only focuses on conversational implicature, which is closer to pragmatics and the study of discourse analysis. Specifically, the analysis is about implicature created by flouting 4 Grice‟s maxims (they will be discussed later). The data chosen is the Extra English series which contains 30 episodes. All the episodes will be measured and evaluated in order to have a general conclusion in the use of conversational implicature and gain the aforementioned purposes. 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Significance of the study Since the researcher aims to provide a detailed and comprehensive analysis and evaluation of conversational implicature used in a language education television series- Extra English, theoretically this study is highly expected to enrich the researcher‟s and readers‟ knowledge in the pragmatics which is particularly related to cooperative principle and maxim flouting. Practically, the findings of this research are expected to contribute to the comprehension of other studies on conversational implicature in particular and pragmatics in general. Besides, the researcher and other English teachers can understand more about English situation comedies with their art of exploiting conversational implicature. Therefore, this study hopes to be a reference for other English teachers to use situation comedies in teaching students about implicature. Structure of the thesis Overall, this paper is comprised of 5 chapters: - Chapter I: Introduction This chapter presents statement of the problem and rationale for the study, aims of the study and research questions, scope, significance and structure of the study. - Chapter II: Literature review The researcher provides the review of previous studies and theoretical background of the study including pragmatics, implicature, types of implicature, Grice‟s conversational implicature and other theories (Horn‟s Q principle and R-principle, relevance theory) - Chapter III: Methodology In this chapter, the research methods applied will be clearly explained. - Chapter IV: Findings and Discussions 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com This chapter answers the research questions with data analysis. - Chapter V: Conclusion The summary of the main points discussed as well as suggestions for further studies are provided in this last chapter. 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW This second chapter sheds light on the literature review of the study, specifically the background of pragmatics, implicature, Grice‟s conversational implicature and other related theories. Pragmatics Pragmatics is a subfield of linguistics and semiotics that studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning. Pragmatics encompasses speech act theory, conversational implicature, talk in interaction and other approaches to language behavior in philosophy, sociology, linguistics and anthropology. The term of modern pragmatics for the first time is introduced by Charles Morris in 1938 (Levison, 1983). He defines that pragmatics is the study of the relations of signs to the interpreters. It is concerned with the study of meaning communicated by the speaker or the writer and interpreted by the listener or the reader. This term has been developed in the modern study of linguistics. The most common definition of pragmatics proposed by Thomas (1995) is meaning in use or meaning in context. Leech also (1983) states that pragmatics is the study of how utterances have meanings in situations. Unlike semantics, which is the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and entity in the world; that is how words literally connect to things, pragmatics is the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and the users of those forms. It studies how meaning arises from the interaction of linguistic meaning with contextual factors such as the physical situation, general knowledge and the speaker‟s apparent intentions. Compared to semantics, only pragmatics allows humans into the analysis. The advantage of studying language via pragmatics is that one can talk about 5 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com people‟s intended meanings, their assumptions, their purposes or goals, and the kinds of actions (requests, apologies, orders… ) that they are performing when they speak. The big disadvantage is that all these very human concepts are extremely difficult to analyze in a consistent and objective way.

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