Dạy ngữ pháp cho sinh viên năm thứ nhất không chuyên tiếng Anh tại Đại học Phương Đông

Luận văn thạc sĩ VNU ULIS nghiên cứu dạy ngữ pháp cho sinh viên năm nhất không chuyên tiếng Anh qua các hoạt động tương tác tại Đại học Phương Đông.

Chuyên ngành

English Methodology

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Luận văn

2009

54
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

DECLARATIONS

LIST OF GRAPHS AND TABLES

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

PART I. PART I: INTRODUCTION

I.1. Aims of the study

I.2. Significance of the study

I.3. Scope of the study

I.4. The research questions

I.5. Method of the study

I.6. Design of the study

PART II. PART II: DEVELOPMENT

1. CHƯƠNG 1: LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Approaches to grammar

1.2.1. Teaching grammar through context

1.2.2. Teaching grammar in a communicative approach

1.2.3. Teaching grammar according to the sequence of language acquisition

1.2.4. Conflating inductive approach and deductive approach

1.2.5. Meaning, context and form should be integrated

1.3. Forms-focused vs Meaning-focused grammar instruction

1.4. Definitions of terminologies

1.4.1. Forms-focused grammar instruction

1.4.2. Meaning-focused grammar instruction

2. CHƯƠNG 2: THE STUDY

2.1. Design and methodology

2.2. Subjects of the study

2.3. Distribution of summed scores (items 1-12)

2.4. Students’ feelings about grammar learning

2.5. Students’ evaluation about the effects of grammar practice

2.6. Students’ belief in grammar teaching method

2.7. Students’ tension with grammar learning

2.8. Comparison of students’ attitudes towards grammar learning between pre-questionnaire and post questionnaire (items 1-12)

2.9. Comparison of students’ attitudes between pre-questionnaire and post questionnaire (items 13-17)

3. CHƯƠNG 3: RECOMMENDATIONS AND LIMITATIONS

3.1. Limitations and suggestions for further study

PART III. PART III: CONCLUSION

III.1. Appendix 1: Student questionnaire on grammar leaning

III.2. Appendix 2: Sample of grammar lesson plan

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Hanoi university of languages and international studies DEPARTMENT OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES NguyÔn thÞ h-¬ng lan Teaching grammar TO first-year non-english major students at phuong dong university through meaning-focused tasks (d¹y ng÷ ph¸p cho sinh viªn n¨m thø nhÊt kh«ng chuyªn tiÕng anh t¹i tr-êng ®¹i häc ph-¬ng ®«ng th«ng qua c¸c ho¹t ®éng chó träng vµo nghÜa cña cÊu tróc) Field : English Methodology Code : 601410 Supervisor : Lê Văn Canh, M. hµ néi - 2009 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATIONS. iii LIST OF GRAPHS AND TABLES . iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . v TABLE OF CONTENT. vi PART I: INTRODUCTION. Aims of the study. Significance of the study. Scope of the study. The research questions. Method of the study. Design of the study. 3 PART II: DEVELOPMENT. 5 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW. Approaches to grammar. Forms-focused vs Meaning-focused grammar instruction. Definitions of terminologies . Forms-focused grammar instruction . Meaning-focused grammar instruction . Forms-focused activities . Definitions of forms-focused activities . Classification of forms-focused activities. Repetition presentation drills . 12 vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Meaning-focused activities . Definitions of meaning-focused activities . Classification of meaning-focused activities . Previous studies on meaning-focused grammar instruction . 21 CHAPTER 2: THE STUDY. Design and methodology. Subjects of the study. Distribution of summed scores (items 1-12). Students’ feelings about grammar learning. Students’ evaluation about the effects of grammar practice. Students’ belief in grammar teaching method. Students’ tension with grammar learning.3 Comparison of students’ attitudes towards grammar learning between pre- 31 questionnaire and post questionnaire (items 1-12). Comparison of students’ attitudes between pre-questionnaire and post 33 questionnaire (items 13-17). 34 CHAPTER 3: RECOMMENDATIONS AND LIMITATIONS. 36 vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Limitations and suggestions for further study. 36 PART III: CONCLUSION. I Appendix 1: Student questionnaire on grammar leaning. I Appendix 2: Sample of grammar lesson plan. VI viii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF GRAPHS AND TABLES Table 1: Sample table of distribution of summed scores (items 1-12) Table 2: Sample table of distribution of summed scores (items 13-17) Table 3: Distribution of summed scores: Students (n=31) attitudes Table 4a: The result of students’ feelings about grammar learning in the pre and post- questionnaire Table 4b: Mean scores of students’ feelings about grammar learning Table 5a: The result of students’ evaluation about effects of grammar practice Table 5b: Mean scores of students’ evaluation about effects of grammar practice Table 6: Mean scores of students’ belief in grammar teaching method Table 7: Distribution of summed scores (items 13-17) Table 8: Mean scores of students’ tension to grammar learning Table 9: Comparison of students’ attitudes between pre-questionnaire and post questionnaire (items 1-12) Table 10: Comparison of students’ attitudes between pre-questionnaire and post questionnaire (items13-17) Graph 1: Sampling distribution of sample mean differences (items 1-12) Graph 2: Sampling distribution of sample mean differences (items 13-17) iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS PDU: Phuong Dong University CLT: Communicative Language Teaching CA: Communicative Approach L1: First language L2: Second language SD: Standard deviation Df: Degree of freedom P: Probability value T: Teacher S: Student v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com PART I: INTRODUCTION I. Rationale It is a fact that English has become more and more popular and vital in Vietnam in recent decades. There have been more and more people rushing to study English in language centers in the last few years because they hold a belief that English helps them be more exposed to better job opportunities. In correspondence with this trend, in almost of schools, colleges and universities, English has become a compulsory subject. Phuong Dong University (PDU), where I have been working for five years, is not an exception. During my five-year teaching English at this university, I find that most of students are weak at expressing their thoughts in the right way. That means what they say are the words put together without grammar rules. Their weakness at expressing ideas in the correct way is that teacher often spends more time on explaining new grammar verbly than letting students practice new grammar items orally. In other words, the grammar sections in the course book (New Headway Elementary, by Liz and John Soars, third edition) are explained verbly and grammar exercises are done passively by students. So that students are not interested in learning grammar and they find grammar rather difficult to master. Their weakness at uttering a right sentence does not meet the target of teaching and learning English- fluent communication. Much worse, most of them put the words together rather than use the learned grammar structures in speaking. In addition, many students are too shy to speak in the class whereas most of the grammar lessons are carried out in traditional methods. This fact has urged me to find out the way to help students apply their learned grammar knowledge in getting the meanings across. Thus, in this thesis, I intend to investigate the effect of teaching grammar through meaning-focused tasks. Aims of the study As far as we know, the key purpose of learning a language is always to communicate fluently. That means, students can communicate. Therefore, in order to learn English well, learners first have to master its grammar system. The fact at my university is that almost 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com students are better at learning grammar especially doing grammar exercises than using the learned grammatical structures in expressing their thought in both writing and speaking. This observation urges the researcher to bring some changes into those students. In this study, the researcher wanted to test the hypothesis that applying meaning-focused practice activities in grammar learning may help the students improve their communicative ability. Significance of the study This study is first hoped to be helpful to both teachers and students at Phuong Dong University because its findings will enable not only the teachers but also the students to see whether their ways of teaching and learning English in general and grammar in particular is appropriate and effective. The practical meaning of this study is to suggest some ways for combining teaching grammar in form-focused task with meaning-focused tasks to situation students apply English grammar structures into expressing their opinions well when they speak English. Scope of the study This study is set out to test the hypothesis that teaching grammar through meaning- focused activities may help the students to change their attitudes towards grammar learning so that they find grammar learning more interesting and useful. The researcher, therefore, did not intend to test the effectiveness of meaning-focused grammar instruction by means of a pre-test – post-test experiment. It is the researcher‟s belief that if grammar teaching can bring about positive changes in students‟ attitudes, they will find grammar learning more interesting and useful. The outcome of this attitudinal change will be students‟ greater investment in grammar learning. research questions This study intends to address the following two research questions: 1. What are students‟ initial attitudes towards grammar learning? 2. How have students‟ attitudes changed after the application of meaning-focused activities? 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Especially, the following hypothesis was investigated: Meaning-focused practice activities (mainly oral practice) help to change students‟ attitude towards grammar learning. Method of the study This research aimed at measuring the effect of meaning-focused activities (mainly oral practice) on students‟ attitudinal changes. Of many research methods, a survey design was appropriate to the purpose of the study. One-Group Pre-questionnaire – Post-questionnaire which is equivalent to One-Group Pretest – Posttest Design was applied to carry out this study. This design can be diagrammed as follows: Pre-treatment questionnaire Treatment Post – treatment questionnaire O X O Compare In this diagram, O is dependent variable (attitude) and X is independent variable (meaning-focused activities). X is the treatment administered to the subjects. - A group of research subjects is measured on the dependent variable. O prior to administration of the treatment condition. The independent variable X is then administered, and the dependent variable O is again measured. The difference between the pre- and post- questionnaire scores is taken as an index of the effectiveness of the treatment condition. - The one-group pre-treatment – post-treatment questionnaire design is weak because it does not ensure the internal validity. However, it does provide some information in that it lets you know if a change occurred between pre-treatment and post-treatment questionnaire. Design of the study This study is divided into three parts as follows: Part one, introduction, deals with the reason for the research and the aims, scope and methodology of the study. The research questions are also raised in this part. Part two, development, consists of three following chapters: 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com - Chapter one gives some theoretical background relating to approaches to grammar, forms- focused vs meaning-focused grammar instruction, forms-focused grammar instruction, meaning-focused grammar instruction, forms-focused activities, meaning-focused activities, and some previous studies on grammar teaching as well. - Chapter two provides an analysis on the attitudes of the first-year non- major students at Phuong Dong University towards the use of meaning-focused activities (mainly oral practice) in teaching and learning grammar. And the change in students‟ attitudes after applying meaning-focused activities is also mentioned in this chapter. - Chapter three focuses on some recommendations about using meaning-focused activities (mainly oral practice) in teaching and learning grammar and some limitations as well. Part three, conclusion, addresses the key issues in the study, summarizing some shortcomings revealed during the process of completing this research paper and giving a suggestion for a further research 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com PART II: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Introduction It can not be denied that the role of teaching and learning grammar in learning a language is very important, because grammar helps learners express their thought in a clear way. It is considered as a skeleton of any languages. Thus, if learners master the grammar knowledge that they are learning, it is much easier for them to acquire that language. However, for such a long time, grammar has been a word that often freezes the hearts of students and teachers, because the approaches of teaching grammar are too mechanical. Most approaches to grammar teaching focus on individual constructions which have often been taught as a separate skill disassociated from the rest of language learning. The students learning them have to do a large number of grammar exercises in the form of multiple choice that are less helpful to communicate. These pieces are never put together into a structural pattern that enables students to discuss in English they are learning. So they will soon forget what they have learned. Grammar learning is not funny and is not meaningful either. It, of course, is not memorable. As Burner said: “Perhaps the most basic thing that can be said about human memory, after a century of extensive research, is that unless detail is placed into a structural pattern, it is rapidly forgotten” (Web, 2004) 1. Approaches to grammar Just as the old saying goes, “there are approaches for teaching, but no definite ones”. It is the same as grammar instruction. That is, there, definitely, are approaches to teach grammar. In fact, there are different approaches to teach items of grammar and at different periods of grammar instruction process that can be seen as follows; * Teaching grammar through context Old-fashioned grammar teaching was often decontextualized and pointless – the exercises led nowhere, and the terminology was never used except in the exercises. Harris and Rowan show quite convincingly that a conscious grasp of grammatical concepts requires deep 5 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com understanding that is not often gained through practice exercises alone (Harris, 1962, pp.

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