VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES **************************************** LÊ THỊ NHÂM AN INVESTIGATION INTO NON-ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES AT THE CENTRAL VOCATIONAL COLLEGE OF TRANSPORT NUMBER 1 NGHIÊN CỨU VIỆC SỬ DỤNG CÁC CHIẾN LƯỢC HỌC TỪ VỰNG CỦA SINH VIÊN KHÔNG CHUYÊN TIẾNG ANH TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG NGHỀ GIAO THÔNG VẬN TẢI TRUNG ƯƠNG 1 M. MINOR THESIS FIELD: ENGLISH TEACHING METHODOLOGY CODE: 601410 HANOI, 2012 z VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES **************************************** LÊ THỊ NHÂM AN INVESTIGATION INTO NON-ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES AT THE CENTRAL VOCATIONAL COLLEGE OF TRANSPORT NUMBER 1 NGHIÊN CỨU VIỆC SỬ DỤNG CÁC CHIẾN LƯỢC HỌC TỪ VỰNG CỦA SINH VIÊN KHÔNG CHUYÊN TIẾNG ANH TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG NGHỀ GIAO THÔNG VẬN TẢI TRUNG ƯƠNG 1 M. MINOR PROGRAMME THESIS FIELD: ENGLISH TEACHING METHODOLOGY CODE: 601410 SUPERVISOR: DO THI THANH HA, M.A BSTRACT HANOI, 2012 z TABLE OF CONTENTS CANDIDATE’S STATEMENT. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS.
iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES. vii PART 1:INTRODUCTION. Rationale of the study. The Study Objectives .Scope of the Study.
Method of the Study. Outline of the Study. 5 CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW. Vocabulary and its Roles in Language Learning.
Aspects of Vocabulary Knowledge. Vocabulary Learning Strategies. Language Learning Strategies. The Definitions of Learning Strategies.
Classification of Language Learning Strategies. Vocabulary Learning Strategies .1 The Importance of Vocabulary Learning Sstrategies. Studies on Vocabulary Learning Strategies. Taxonomies of Vocabulary Learning Strategies.
19 iv z CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY. Participants and Setting of the Study. Setting of the Study. Data Collection Instruments.
Data Collection Procedure. 25 CHAPTER 3: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION. Students‟ Awareness of Using Strategies in Learning Vocabulary. Students‟ Use of DET Strategies in Vocabulary Learning.
Students‟ Use of SOC Strategies in Vocabulary Learning. Students‟ Use of MEM Strategies in Vocabulary Learning. Students‟ Use of COG Strategies in Vocabulary Learning. Students‟ Use of MET Strategies in Vocabulary Learning.
Students‟ Awareness in Learning Vocabulary ……………. Students‟ use of DET strategies in vocabulary learning. Students‟ use of SOC strategies in vocabulary learning. Students‟ use of MEM strategies in vocabulary learning.
Students‟ use of COG strategies in vocabulary learning. Students‟ use of MET strategies in vocabulary learning. Summary of the Main Findings and Discussion. Students‟ Awareness of Using Vocabulary Learning Strategies.
Students‟ Vocabulary Learning Strategies. 40 PART 3: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATION. Limitations and Suggestions for Further Study. 47 APPENDIX vi z LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES List of Tables Table 1: What is involved in knowing a word (Nation, 2001).
8 Table 2: Nation‟s taxonomy of vocabulary learning strategies. 17 Table 3: Participants‟ background. 22 Table 4: Participants‟ levels of proficiency. 22 Table 5: Vocabulary learning strategies in the questionnaire.
25 List of Figures Figure 1: Students‟ awareness of using vocabulary learning strategies. 27 Figure 2: Students‟ use of DET strategies in vocabulary learning. 28 Figure 3: Students‟ use of SOC strategies in vocabulary learning. 29 Figure 4: Students‟ use of MEM strategies in vocabulary learning.
31 Figure 5: Students‟ use of COG strategies in vocabulary learning. 32 Figure 6: Students‟ use of MET strategies in vocabulary learning. 33 vii z PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale In language teaching, more emphasis was put on grammatical knowledge rather than lexical knowledge for a considerable time, with the view that vocabulary was merely to provide context for the learning of structures.
However, as a result of the development of communicative approaches to language teaching recently, the status of vocabulary learning process has been considerably enhanced (Nunan, 1991). Applied linguists believe that the development of a rich vocabulary is an important element in the acquisition of a second language. Therefore, it is necessary that both teachers and learners find out effective ways to enrich learners‟ vocabulary. There is an old proverb which states: “Give a man a fish and he eats for a day.
Teach him how to fish and he eats for a lifetime”. Applied to the language teaching and learning field, this proverb might be interpreted to mean that if students are provided with answers, the immediate problem is solved. But if they are taught the strategies to work out the answers for themselves, they are empowered to manage their own learning. This point of view has been reflected in the literature of the field.
In the last decades, there has been a gradual but significant shift within the field of language learning and teaching resulting in greater emphasis on language learners and learning process rather than language teachers and teaching. As a result of this shift on learners and the important role that they can play in the process of learning new languages, a significant amount of research on language learning strategies has been done in the last few decades. Several studies that have been carried out by Oxford (1990), O‟Malley and Chamot (1990), Nunan (1991), Rubin and Thompson (1994), and Cohen (1998) have shown that one of the most important factors that 1 z distinguish successful learners from unsuccessful ones are their learning strategies. In Vietnam, language learning strategies in general, and vocabulary learning strategies in particular have received more and more attention.
Some studies into this field have been conducted with different types of learners to find out particular strategies employed by effective and ineffective learners. However, of all the studies mentioned, there is none in which the participants are vocationally-trained students. In Vietnam, there exists a situation that vocational students have high working skills but limited English competence. Therefore, to help them have better job opportunities in the environment of globalization, it is necessary to increase their English ability through effective English teaching and learning activities.
From all the facts mentioned above, I decided to carry out this study to find out how much awareness vocationally-trained students had of their learning process, and what vocabulary learning strategies they were employing. My goal is that the information that this study provides would enable English teachers in vocational colleges to find out the best way to help students achieve or exceed the expectation. The Study Objectives The major purposes of this study are: - To find out if non-English major students at the Central Vocational College of Transportation Number 1 are aware of their vocabulary learning processes; - To find out the vocabulary learning strategies employed by these students; - To provide implications for the teaching and learning of the English vocabulary. Research Questions The study would be conducted to answer the following questions: 2 z Question 1: Are non-English major students at the Vocational College aware of using strategies in their vocabulary learning processes? Question 2: What vocabulary learning strategies are commonly used by the students? 4.
Scope of the Study The study was designed to investigate vocabulary learning strategies which were employed by the students at the Central Vocation College of Transportation Number 1. The findings obtained from this study would hopefully be used to help improve the teaching and learning of the English vocabulary at the Central Vocation College of Transportation Number 1 in particular, and at other vocational schools in general. Methods of the Study In order to achieve the objectives of the study mentioned above, the quantitative analysis is the main tool for analyzing the data, which was collected from the questionnaire. The results from the survey questionnaires were then combined with interviews and discussions with the teachers and students at the Central Vocation College of Transportation Number 1 to provide the final recommendations.
Outline of the Study The thesis is divided into three parts: Part 1 – Introduction: This part includes the rationale, the objectives, the research questions, the scope, the methods, and the outline of the study. Part 2 Development: This part includes 3 chapters as follows: Chapter 1 reviews the basic concepts related to language learning strategies, vocabulary learning, as well as research on vocabulary learning strategies. In 3 z addition, learning strategy classifications are reviewed to set up the theoretical framework for the investigation in the next chapter. In chapter 2, the questionnaire and interview study is presented.
It includes the setting of the study, the descriptions of the participants, the research questions, the research method, and data procedure collection. Chapter 3 analyzes and discusses the data collected from the questionnaire and interviews. It also includes the summary and discussion of the main findings. Part 3 presents the conclusions of the study, implications and limitations of the study as well as suggestions for further research.
4 z PART 2: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Introduction This chapter reviews the theories related to learning strategies in general and vocabulary learning strategies in particular. It also summarizes some studies on vocabulary learning strategies that have been conducted so far. All of these serve as a basis for an investigation into vocabulary learning strategies which is carried out and presented in the next chapter.
Vocabulary and Its Roles in Language Learning Vocabulary, according to Oxford Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary Sixth Edition (2000), is “all the words a person know or uses”. To make it more specific, Lewis (1993:89) defined that vocabulary". may be individual words, or full sentences - institutionalized utterances - that convey fixed social or pragmatic meaning within a given community”. From these definitions it can be said that vocabulary plays a very important role in foreign language learning, and the development of an effective command of second language vocabulary is an ongoing requirement for learning another language, throughout all levels of proficiency.
This is, according to Read (2001), because “words are the basic building blocks of language, the units of meaning from which larger structures such as sentences, paragraphs and whole texts are formed”. By the following statement “without grammar, there are few things we can express; while without vocabulary, there is nothing we can express”, the British linguist Wilkins verified the importance of vocabulary in communication. Insufficient vocabulary or vocabulary difficulties will result in communicational barriers or 5 z failures. Without vocabulary, no amount of grammatical or other types of linguistic knowledge can be employed in the second language communication or discourse.
In the very first part of his book on vocabulary, McCarthy (1990:2) wrote: "It is the experience of most language teachers that the single, biggest component of any language course is vocabulary. No matter how well the students learn grammar, no matter how successfully sounds of second language are mastered, without words to express the wide range of meaning, communication in second language just cannot happen in any meaningful way". In Alexander‟s opinion, "comprehension improves when you know what the words mean" and "words are the currency of communication. A robust vocabulary improves all areas of communication - listening, speaking, reading and writing".
These all show that the success of a student in becoming proficient in any language depends in part on the extent and richness of his/her vocabulary. In summary, due to the unchangeable role of vocabulary in the success of language learning, it is essential that vocabulary be a part of the syllabus and vocabulary teaching must be well-planned. More important, learner‟s vocabulary learning is the main source for enriching their vocabulary. Therefore, how to learn vocabulary effectively is the question that a teacher must answer to help his students.
To do that, he must know how his students are learning vocabulary and if their strategies are effective. Aspects of Vocabulary Knowledge Many people believe that knowing a word means knowing its meaning. Cook (2001:61) states that “a word is more than its meaning.