Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Techniques Established as the definitive reference for the IVF clinic, this Sixth Edition has been extensively revised, with the addition of several im- portant new contributions on laboratory topics, including KPIs for the IVF laboratory, quality control in the cloud, artificial intelligence, AI in gamete and embryo selection, demystifying vitrification, microfluidics, gene editing, disaster management, enhanced imaging of early embryo development, and artificial gametes. As previously, methods, protocols, and techniques of choice are presented by IVF pioneers and eminent international experts. Gardner, AM, FAA, DPhil, is the Scientific Director of Melbourne IVF, Melbourne, and a Distinguished Professor in the School of BioSciences at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Ariel Weissman, MD, is a senior Physician at the IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, and a full Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Howles, PhD, FRSM, is based at Aries Consulting SARL, Geneva, Switzerland, and is an Honorary Fellow, University of Edinburgh, UK. Zeev Shoham, MD, is a professor at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel, a consultant in IVF, and co-founder of IVF-Worldwide. This volume is available on its own (ISBN 9781032214764) or as part of the two-volume set (ISBN 9781032245348). Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Techniques Volume 1: Laboratory Perspectives Sixth Edition Edited by David K.
Gardner, AM, FAA, DPhil Scientific Director, Melbourne IVF, Melbourne, and Distinguished Professor, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Australia Ariel Weissman, MD Senior Physician, IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Colin M. Howles, PhD, FRSM Aries Consulting SARL, Geneva, Switzerland and Honorary Fellow, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Zeev Shoham, MD Professor, The Hebrew University Consultant in IVF and Co-founder of IVF-Worldwide, Jerusalem, Israel Sixth edition published 2024 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2024 selection and editorial matter, David K. Gardner, Ariel Weissman, Colin M. Howles, and Zeev Shoham; individual chapters, the contributors This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources.
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1 eBook) ISBN: 9781032214801 (Vol. 2 hardback) ISBN: 9781032214856 (Vol. 2 paperback) ISBN: 9781003268611 (Vol. 2 eBook) ISBN: 9781032761695 (Vol 1.
Indian edition) ISBN: 9781032761701 (Vol 2. Indian edition) ISBN: 9781032245348 (Two-volume set/Hardback) ISBN: 9781032558578 (Two-volume set/Paperback) ISBN: 9781032752877 (Indian edition, two-volume set/Hardback) DOI: 10.1201/9781003268598 Typeset in Warnock Pro by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd.ix 1 Updated Guidelines for Setting up an Assisted Reproductive Technology Laboratory.1 Jacques Cohen, Mina Alikani, and Antonia Gilligan 2 Quality Control: Maintaining Stability in the Laboratory.9 Ronny Janssens, Neelke De Munck, and Johan Guns 3 KPIs for the IVF Laboratory.15 Alison Campbell 4 QC in the Clouds: Digitizing Quality Control.20 Giles Anthony Palmer 5 The Assisted Reproduction Technology Laboratory: Current Standards.29 Cecilia Sjöblom 6 Evaluation of Sperm. Silverberg, and Matthew D. VerMilyea 7 Sperm Preparation Techniques and Advanced Sperm Selection for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection.58 Sinan Ozkavukcu, George Hughes, and Christopher LR Barratt 8 Sperm Chromatin Assessment.70 Ashok Agarwal and Rakesh Sharma 9 Oocyte Retrieval and Selection.94 Laura Rienzi, Rosaria Gentile, Federica Innocenti, Danilo Cimadomo, Alberto Vaiarelli, and Filippo Maria Ubaldi 10 Preparation and Evaluation of Oocytes for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection.103 Irit Granot and Nava Dekel 11 Use of In Vitro Maturation of Oocytes in a Clinical Setting: What Is its Role in ART?.
Ho and Lan N. Vuong 12 Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: Technical Aspects. 120 Sydney Souness, Philip Xie, Stephanie Cheung, Olena M. Kocur, Lily Ng, Zev Rosenwaks, and Gianpiero D.
Palermo 13 Human Embryo Biopsy Procedures.132 Maurizio Poli, Ludovica Picchetta, and Antonio Capalbo 14 Analysis of Fertilization.140 Thomas Ebner 15 Culture Systems for the Human Embryo. Gardner 16 Embryo Selection through the Analysis of Morphology and Physiology.167 Denny Sakkas and David K. Gardner 17 Evaluation of Embryo Quality: Time-Lapse Imaging to Assess Embryo Morphokinesis.182 Akhil Garg, María Ángeles Valera, and Marcos Meseguer 18 Artificial Intelligence (AI). 202 Daniella Gilboa v vi Contents 19 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Gamete and Embryo Selection.
208 Chloe He, Neringa Karpaviciute, Cristina Hickman, and Nikica Zaninovic 20 Demystifying Vitrification. Gook and Kelly Lewis 21 Vitrification of the Human Oocyte.231 Masashige Kuwayama 22 The Human Embryo: Vitrification. 238 Zsolt Peter Nagy and Ching-Chien Chang 23 Managing an Oocyte Bank.255 Ana Cobo, Pilar Alamá, José María De Los Santos, María José De Los Santos, and José Remohí 24 Severe Male Factor Infertility: Genetic Consequences and Recommendations for Genetic Testing. 264 Katrien Stouffs 25 Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy to Improve Clinical Outcomes.
Forman, and Alan H. Handyside 26 Diagnosis of Endometrial Receptivity, Embryo–Endometrial Dialogue, and Endometrial Microbiome. 280 Maria Ruiz-Alonso, Inmaculada Moreno, Feilpe Vilella, and Carlos Simon 27 Artificial Gametes: Oocytes. Telfer and Yvonne L.
Odey 28 How Microfluidics and Microfabrication will Improve Diagnosis and Treatment in Human ART. Thompson, and David K. Gardner 29 Genome Editing in Human Reproduction. O’Neill 30 Designing Disaster Plans for IVF Laboratories.
Pomeroy and Michael L. Reed 31 Early Human Embryo Development Revealed by Static Imaging. Alvarez and Melanie D. 341 PREFACE The first edition of the Textbook of Assisted Reproductive maturation, the protocol has become the preferred choice, facili- Techniques was published in 2001.
As the textbook now enters its tating the concept of an “OHSS-free clinic.” A plethora of new sixth edition, some 45 years since the birth of Louise Brown, the pharmaceutical FSH agents have been introduced into practice world’s first test tube baby in the United Kingdom, it is remark- that have resulted in increased patient convenience and drug able to reflect upon the changes in assisted human conception delivery precision (due to the use of pen devices) rather than that have been documented in each successive edition of the increased live birth rates. This is a further reflection of the com- textbook. plexity of the overall IVF treatment process—in particular, the Over the past 20 years, we have witnessed the widespread pivotal role that the embryology laboratory continues to play in implementation of single blastocyst transfer, and the ability to improving cycle success. undertake trophectoderm biopsy and genetic analysis now using Sadly, however, over the duration of this textbook’s life span, next-generation sequencing to accurately determine chromo- we have lost several authors—all dear friends and colleagues— somal copy number, and to provide precise genetic diagnosis whom we miss and to whom we are grateful for their enormous for patients as needed.
This shift in practice of transferring only contributions to our field during their lifetimes: one high-quality embryo has brought us closer to the mantra of “one embryo, one baby.” Cryopreservation, historically performed • Marinko Biljan, Quebec using slow-rate controlled freezing, has now been superseded by • Isaac Blickstein, Rehovot vitrification for both oocytes and embryos, with oocyte cryo- • Jean Cohen, Paris preservation becoming a realistic treatment for fertility pres- • Howard W Jones Jr, Norfolk ervation, especially for oncology patients and younger women • Michelle Lane, Adelaide wishing to preserve their fertility. Improvements in laboratory • Ragaa Mansour, Egypt culture techniques and incubation devices, including time-lapse • Queenie V Neri, New York imaging, have also contributed to the adoption of single embryo • Lynette Scott, Boston transfers without reducing the chance of a live birth. Excitingly, • Carl Wood, Melbourne more technologies are now available for sperm assessment, and • Yury Velinsky, Chicago the knowledge underpinning in vitro maturation has facilitated the development of potential new approaches for IVF. Finally, we lost one of the pioneering fathers of this field, Bob As for ovarian stimulation protocols, there has been, over the Edwards, a giant in our field on whose shoulders we have all been past 20 years of this textbook series, a major shift in practice.
The fortunate to stand. clinical acceptance of the GnRH antagonist protocol, first reg- istered in 1999, took more than 10 years to be widely adopted. Gardner, Ariel Weissman, With the possibility of using a GnRH agonist to trigger follicular Colin M. Howles, and Zeev Shoham vii CONTRIBUTORS Ashok Agarwal Jacques Cohen Irit Granot Global Andrology Forum Conceivable Life Sciences IVF Unit, Herzliya Medical Center American Center for Reproductive New York City, USA Herzliya, Israel Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio Nava Dekel Johan Guns Department of Immunology and Quality Assurances and Regulatory Pilar Alamá Regenerative Biology Affairs, Medical Laboratories and IVIRMA Global Weizman Institute of Science Tissue Establishments Valencia Rehovot, Israel UZ Brussel Spain Brussels, Belgium Thomas Ebner Mina Alikani Kepler University Hospital Alan H.
Handyside High Complexity Clinical Linz, Austria School of Biosciences Laboratory Director and University of Kent Clinical Consultant Eric J. Forman Canterbury, United Kingdom New York, New York Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Chloe He Yanina D. Alvarez Columbia University Fertility Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Institute for Molecular Bioscience Center Interventional and Surgical The University of Queensland New York, New York Sciences Brisbane, Australia University College London, and David K. Gardner Apricity Christopher LR Barratt Melbourne IVF, Melbourne London, United Kingdom Department of Reproductive and and Developmental Biology School of BioSciences Cristina Hickman Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, University of Melbourne Apricity and Institute of Reproductive University of Dundee Melbourne, Australia and Developmental Biology Dundee, Scotland Imperial College London, Hammersmith Akhil Garg Campus Alison Campbell IVI RMA Global London, United Kingdom CARE Fertility Group, Nottingham, Valencia, Spain United Kingdom Tuong M.