Cải thiện phát âm tiếng Anh của sinh viên ÊĐÊ theo định hướng giao tiếp

Luận văn thạc sĩ nghiên cứu vnu ulis improving pronunciation of english by êđê learners oriented towards communication purposes, đánh giá hiện trạng, phân tích vấn đề, đề xuất

2015

226
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

55 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

LIST OF GRAPHS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF SENTENCES

DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS

RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY

AIM OF THE STUDY

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE DISSERTATION

1. LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1. Definition of pronunciation

1.2. Pronunciation from the communication view and from the teaching view

1.3. Research on English pronunciation with the focus on linking and assimilation

1.4. Research on Êđê pronunciation

2. METHODOLOGY

3. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. The potential causes of Êđê learners’ errors in producing English sounds

3.1.1. The similarities between English vowels and Êđê vowels

3.1.2. The differences between English vowels and Êđê vowels

3.1.3. The similarities between English consonants and Êđê consonants

3.1.4. The differences between English consonants and Êđê consonants

3.1.5. The differences in consonant sequences

3.1.6. The differences between English syllable structures and Êđê syllable structures

3.1.7. The differences of sounds in connected speech of the two languages

3.2. The Êđê learners’ mispronunciation of English related to linking and assimilation

3.2.1. Êđê learners’ mispronunciation of English linking

3.2.2. Êđê learners’ mispronunciation of English assimilation

3.3. The treatment to improve Êđê learners’ pronunciation of English linking and assimilation

3.3.1. The treatment to improve the pronunciation of English linking

3.3.1.1. Listening and imitating
3.3.1.2. Minimal pair drills
3.3.1.3. Contextualized minimal pairs

3.3.2. The treatment to improve the pronunciation of English assimilation

3.3.2.1. Listening and imitating
3.3.2.2. Minimal pair drills
3.3.2.3. Contextualised minimal pairs

3.3.3. Pedagogical implication for English pronunciation teaching

3.4. Teachers’ attitude towards Êđê learners’ pronunciation of English

3.4.1. The cause of Êđê learners’ errors in producing English sounds

3.4.2. Êđê learners’ mispronunciation of English with respect to linking and assimilation

3.4.3. The treatment to improve Êđê learners’ English pronunciation

3.5. The limitation of the research

3.6. Suggestions for further studies

THE AUTHOR’S PUBLISHED ARTICLES AND PROJECTS RELATED TO THE DISSERTATION

THE CHART OF ENGLISH VOWELS AND CONSONANTS

THE CHART OF ÊĐÊ VOWELS AND CONSONANTS

THE RESULTS OF PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH LINKING

THE RESULTS OF PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH ASSIMILATION

THE MEAN, THE SD AND THE SE OF PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH LINKING

THE MEAN, THE SD AND THE SE OF PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH ASSIMILATION

KEYS TO THE TEST FOR PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH LINKING

KEYS TO THE TEST FOR PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH ASSIMILATION

INTENSIVE COURSE ON ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TEACHERS

INFORMATION ABOUT THE DEVICES FOR RECORDING

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Y TRU ALIO IMPROVING PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH BY ÊĐÊ LEARNERS ORIENTED TOWARDS COMMUNICATION PURPOSES (CẢI THIỆN PHÁT ÂM TIẾNG ANH CỦA SINH VIÊN NGƯỜI ÊĐÊ THEO ĐỊNH HƯỚNG MỤC ĐÍCH GIAO TIẾP) Ph. DISSERTATION Major: English Linguistics Code: 62.01 Hà Nội, 2015 i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Y TRU ALIO IMPROVING PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH BY ÊĐÊ LEARNERS ORIENTED TOWARDS COMMUNICATION PURPOSES (CẢI THIỆN PHÁT ÂM TIẾNG ANH CỦA SINH VIÊN NGƯỜI ÊĐÊ THEO ĐỊNH HƯỚNG MỤC ĐÍCH GIAO TIẾP) Ph. DISSERTATION Major: English Linguistics Code: 62. Nguyễn Huy Kỷ Hà Nội, 2015 ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled IMPROVING PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH BY ÊĐÊ LEARNERS ORIENTED TOWARDS COMMUNICATION PURPOSES submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English linguistics. Except where the reference is indicated, no other person‟s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the dissertation. Hanoi, 2015 Y Tru Alio iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation could not have been completed without the help and support from a number of people. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere deepest gratitude to Assoc. Võ Đại Quang, and Dr. Nguyễn Huy Kỷ, my supervisors, who have patiently and constantly supported me through the stages of the study, and whose stimulating ideas, expertise, and suggestions have inspired me greatly through my growth as an academic researcher. My special thanks go to Assoc. Lê Hùng Tiến, former Head of the Postgraduate Studies Faculty, Dr. Huỳnh Anh Tuấn, Head of the Postgraduate Studies Faculty and all the staff for their tremendous help with administrative clearance, and many others, without whose support and encouragement it would never have been possible for me to have this dissertation accomplished. I am grateful to the University of Tây Nguyên where I have been working for the best possible conditions from which I have benefited for the completion of the dissertation. Last but not least, I am greatly indebted to my family, my colleagues for the sacrifice they have devoted to the fulfillment of this academic work. iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY .IV TABLE OF CONTENTS .V ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS .VII LIST OF GRAPHS. IX LIST OF TABLES . IX LIST OF SENTENCES . X DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS . RATIONALE FOR THE STUDY . AIM OF THE STUDY . OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY. SCOPE OF THE STUDY . SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY . STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE DISSERTATION. DEFINITION OF PRONUNCIATION. DEFINITION OF LINKING AND ITS TYPES . DEFINITION OF ASSIMILATION AND ITS TYPES . PRONUNCIATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING (CLT). Pronunciation in CLT . Linking and assimilation instruction . RESEARCH ON ÊĐÊ PRONUNCIATION . Identifying the problems . Designing an intensive course. Conducting the teaching of the intensive course . Questionnaire for teachers’ attitude towards Êđê learners’ pronunciation . The volunteer teacher of English . The procedure of the data collection . The descriptive and contrastive techniques. The wave forms . Tables and graphs . Logical inferential statistics.62 v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION . THE POTENTIAL CAUSES OF ÊĐÊ LEARNERS’ ERRORS IN PRODUCING ENGLISH SOUNDS . The similarities between English vowels and Êđê vowels . The differences between English vowels and Êđê vowels . The similarities between English consonants and Êđê consonants . The differences between English consonants and Êđê consonants . The differences in consonant sequences . The differences between English syllable structures and Êđê syllable structures . The differences of sounds in connected speech of the two languages . THE ÊĐÊ LEARNERS’ MISPRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH RELATED TO LINKING AND ASSIMILATION . Êđê learners’ mispronunciation of English linking . Êđê learners’ mispronunciation of English assimilation . THE TREATMENT TO IMPROVE ÊĐÊ LEARNERS’ PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH LINKING AND ASSIMILATION. The treatment to improve the pronunciation of English linking . Listening and imitating . Minimal pair drills . Contextualized minimal pairs .The treatment to improve the pronunciation of English assimilation . Listening and imitating . Minimal pair drills . Contextualised minimal pairs . Pedagogical implication for English pronunciation teaching . TEACHERS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS ÊĐÊ LEARNERS’ PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH .The cause of Êđê learners’ errors in producing English sounds . Êđê learners’ mispronunciation of English with respect to linking and assimilation . The treatment to improve Êđê learners’ English pronunciation . THE LIMITATION OF THE RESEARCH. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES. 150 THE AUTHOR’S PUBLISHED ARTICLES AND PROJECTS RELATED TO THE DISSERTATION . THE CHART OF ENGLISH VOWELS AND CONSONANTS . THE CHART OF ÊĐÊ VOWELS AND CONSONANTS . II APPENDIX 3 THE RESULTS OF PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH LINKING. THE RESULTS OF PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH ASSIMILATION . THE MEAN, THE SD AND THE SE OF PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH LINKING . THE MEAN, THE SD AND THE SE OF PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH ASSIMILATION . KEYS TO THE TEST FOR PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH LINKING . KEYS TO THE TEST FOR PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH ASSIMILATION. INTENSIVE COURSE ON ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION . QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TEACHERS . INFORMATION ABOUT THE DEVICES FOR RECORDING .LX vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS 1. V± Voiced or voiceless) 28. SE1st (The first standard error) vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. […] (Square brackets used for phonetic transcriptions) viii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF GRAPHS Graph 3.1: Scores obtained by 40 learners on linking .2: Scores obtained by 40 learners on assimilation…….116 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: The similarities between English vowels and Êđê vowels….2: The differences between English vowels and Êđê vowels……….3: The similarities between English consonants and Êđê consonants ….4: Consonants exist in English only and in Êđê only ….5: The differences between English and Êđê consonants in sequences .6: The differences in syllable structures …………………………….7: The differences in sounds in connected speech ……….8: Percentage of Êđê learners‟ scores on linking ……….9: Percentage of Êđê learners‟ scores on assimilation .10: Teachers‟ attitude towards Êđê learners‟ pronunciation .11: The similarities and differences between English sounds and Êđê sounds …………………………………………………………………….141 ix LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF SENTENCES Sentences of linking Sentence 3.94 Sentences of assimilation Sentence 18.114 x LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS The following cues have been used in this dissertation to convey the information presented. (1) The italic type is used for the emphasized sounds, words, phrases or sentences which are defined in the text. The mean gives us information about the central tendency of the scores. (3) The standard deviation (SD) is the most important measure of dispersion. The standard deviation can be estimated by deducting the mean from each individual score, squaring the resulting figures to get rid of the minus signs, adding these together and dividing by the number of scores minus one. This gives the variance. The SD gives information on the extent to which a set of scores varies in relation to the mean. (4) The standard error (SE) equals the standard deviation divided by the square root of the number. The standard error‟s information can be used to place a single sample mean in relation to the population mean from which it is drawn. (5) Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz), to be referred to the frequency of vibration of the vocal cords. (6) The amplitudes can be known as the waveform. The average amplitude of the waveform over a small fraction of a second is a convenient way of presenting the amplitude at that point. The computerized Speech Lab (CSL) Model 4500 calculates amplitude graph, and is called amplitude. Note: The information gained from the wave forms when being observed is still very abstract, since the observations involve the frequency calculations (times, intensities, and frequencies). There are still lists of questions and problems that might be needed for further future works. However, in the dissertation, the wave forms are used to illustrate and to compare the differences between native speakers‟ voices recorded and Êđê learners‟ voices recorded. xi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com (7) Transcriptions In this present study, slanting squares / / are used for phonetic transcriptions and bracket squares [ ] for phonological transcriptions. Some sounds are tested within words, and some words are tested in contexts. Some sentences are not needed to be transcribed in the whole utterance. The transcriptions, depending on the items to be tested for the study purpose, can be in the full sentence at once or only in a few words of the sentence. xii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT This is a study of improving pronunciation of English with respect to linking and assimilation for Êđê learners. This study attempts to achieve three objectives that are (i) identifying the potential causes of Êđê learners‟ errors in producing English sounds; (ii) identifying the problems of English mispronunciation related to linking and assimilation made by Êđê learners (iii) working out the treatment to improve English pronunciation for Êđê learners. The main issues in the present study are dealt with the following research questions: (i) What are the potential causes of Êđê learners‟ pronunciation from a contrastive perspective? (ii) What are the English pronunciation problems encountered by Êđê learners with respect to linking and assimilation? (iii) To what extent does the application of pronunciation improvement techniques affect Êđê learners‟ pronunciation with regards to linking and assimilation? In order to find out the answer to the research questions, this study employs contrastive analysis for identifying the similarities and differences between English sounds and Êđê sounds, and action research with three steps: (i) identifying the English pronunciation problems encountered by Êđê learners; (ii) the treatment: designing an intensive course of English pronunciation, conducting the teaching of the intensive course, recording Êđê learners pronunciation; (iii) the progress: comparing the results of the recordings. The findings of the present study are concerned with the differences between English sounds and Êđê sounds that are thought to be the potential causes of Êđê learners‟ errors in producing English sounds. By the application of the intensive course of English pronunciation and the appropriate teaching techniques, Êđê learners pronunciation has improved significantly. xiii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. INTRODUCTION This part states the rationale for the study, the aim and objectives of the study, the scope and significance of the study, and the structural organization of the dissertation. Rationale for the study For Êđê learners who study English as a foreign language, English pronunciation plays an important role in acquiring it. To have a good English pronunciation sooner or later, Êđê learners should have knowledge of English pronunciation in particular and English phonetics and phonology in general. Since the English language has its own phonological rules, spelling and pronunciation of English are practically two different things, Êđê learners should learn the pronunciation of the sounds in connected speech of English receptively and productively, they should be able to understand what they hear in English, and should not damage what they say, should overcome their reluctance to use English. The pronunciation of English is required at any proficient levels of English, and it is considered as manifestation of the realization of learners‟ understanding of how English sounds activate in the reality of spoken English. The English language borrows the Roman alphabet, so does the Êđê language. However, in each language the sound values, to some extent, are different, especially English sounds in connected speech. English sounds produced by Êđê learners tend to be unnatural, erroneous in some cases, and tend to make incomplete plosion in producing word endings.

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