Yếu tố quyết định đầu tư doanh nghiệp: Nghiên cứu trường hợp tại Việt Nam

Luận văn thạc sĩ phân tích Determinants of corporate investment decisions the case study of vietnam luận văn thạc sĩ, đánh giá thực trạng, chỉ ra hạn chế, đề xuất giải pháp khả

Trường đại học

University of Economics

Chuyên ngành

Development Economics

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Thesis

2012

71
1
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

Certification

Acknowledgements

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Abbreviations

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Problem statement

1.2. Research Objectives

1.3. Research questions

1.4. Scope and Methodology of Research

1.5. Research structure

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Theoretical literature

2.1.1. Irving Fisher’s Theory of Investment

2.1.2. Keynes theory: Marginal Efficiency of Investment

2.2. Empirical researches

3. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Examining the determinants of corporate investment decisions using FEM estimators

3.2. Examining the determinants of corporate investment decisions using GMM

4. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND LIMITATIONS

List of Tables

List of Abbreviations

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEf EIlMINANTS OF CORPORATE INVESTMENT DECISIONS: THE CASE STUDY OF VIETNAM A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By PHAN THI ANH DONG Academic Supervisor: PHAN DINH NGUYEN HO CHI MINH CITY, May 2012 Certification “I certificate that the substance of the thesis has not already been submitted for any degree and is not currently submitted for any other degree. I certify that to the best of my knowledge and help received in preparing the thesis and all sources used have been acknowledged in the thesis.” Signature Pharr Thi Anh Dong Date: / / 2012 Acknowledgements This thesis marks the completion of my Master degree in Development Economics at . Vietnam-Netherlands project. I am truly grateful to my supervisor, Dr. Pharr Dinh Nguyen, for his help and support over the period of my thesis. Without his help in constructive follow-up, insightful and helpful comments, I would not have been successful in completing this master thesis. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all people and organizations that supported, provided assistance and information in order to make this thesis. Furthermore, I deeply appreciate the lecturers and staff of the project, who helped improve my knowledge and fulfill the program. I am also grateful to my close friends for their warm encouragement. Finally, I further wish to thank my family members who have greatly supported me during my study. Their love and support mean a great deal to me. I would like to reserve the pleasure of the graduate for them. Thank you very much to all of you! Table of Contents Certification .ii Table of Contents. iii List of Tables. v List of Abbreviations.vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.4 Scope and Methodology of Research.1 Irving Fisher’s Theory Of Investment -------------------- 2. Keynes theory: Marginal Efficiency of Investment.4 James Tobin’s q theory of Investment .------ --------- CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH MET ii 3.1 Examining the determinants of corporate investment decisions using FEM estimators , „„„„,.2 Examining the determinants of corporate investment decisions using GMM List of Tables Table 2.1: Empirical Studies about Determinants of Corporate Investment Decisions.1: A Set of Dependent and Independent Variables.1: Basic Statistics of the Key Variables.2: Correlation Coefficients of the Explanatory Variables.3: Regression Analysis of Investment Equations.4: GMM Estimator of Investment Equation.42 List of Abbreviations FE Fixed Effects • FEM Fixed Effects Model Generalized Method of Moment HET Heteroskedasticity IV Instrument Variables LM Larange Multiplier M&M Modigliani and Miller MEI Marginal Efficiency of Investment Pooled OLS Pooled Ordinary Least Square Random Effects REM Random Effects Model vAR Vector Auto Regressive WTO World Trade Organization Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of cash flow, investment opportunities, and other financial factors on corporate investment decisions using panel data for Vietnamese listed firm from 2006-2010. This research adopts static model employing Fixed Effects which the most appropriate model in analyzing panel data through specification tests. The findings indicate that cash flow is a key determinant of corporate investment decisions. However, investment opportunities are positive and insignificant related to investment decisions. Other financial factors such as fixed capital intensity, business risk, firm size, leverage are all significant in predicting corporate investment decision. Moreover, the study also adopts dynamic model utilizing Generalized Method of Moments. The results confirm that cash flow is a main element in making corporate investment decisions. Nevertheless, investment opportunities are not significant in determining enterprises investment decisions. Besides, the lagged level of investment is negative and statistically significant correlated with investment decisions at firm level. Other financial factors, namely fixed capital intensity, sales growth, firm size and leverage are all significant in influencing corporate investment decisions. Keywordsi Corporate Investment, Cash Flow, Tobin’s q, Financial Constraint CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem statement The goal of any enterprises when operating as a business is oriented towards maximizing the value of the firm, which in turn increases the return of investment for shareholders. In order to achieve this goal, companies must implement a variety of measures, including the selection of an appropriate financial structure. This is the most important finance function amongst the modem items. It implicates decisions to commit sources of financing to total assets of the firms. Capital expenditure or investment decision has significant importance to the firm because of the following reasons: (1) it impacts not only growth of firms in long run but also influences firm’s risks; (2) it involves liability of a large amount of capital; (3) it is unalterable, or alterable at heavy financial loss; and (4) it is one of the most difficult decisions to be taken by the firm. Because of its role in the firm value, many researchers have studied this issue. For instance, Modigliani and Miller theorem (1958) documented that there has been no relation between the financial structure and financial policy for real investment decisions under certain conditions, because the financial structure would not influence the investment costs. According to the q-theory of Tobin (1969) and extended into a proposed model by Hayashi (1982), investment demand could be predicted by the ratio of the market value of the firm’s capital stock to its replacement cost under perfect market assumptions; and its market value could also explain further investment opportunities. Nonetheless, the results of previous studies in different countries using the q-theory of investment are mixed. In particular, Hall et a1. (1998) studied the key factors which affect investment in scientific firms for the United States, France and Japan during the period 1979-1989, and found that the profit, sales, cash flow and investment have connections, but differs for each country. Aquino (2000) found contrary results that there was no significant relationship between investment rate and q. He also showed that there is an insignificant relationship between the investment rate and cash flow. The Vietnamese government has implemented a series of policies aimed at improving the business environment for enterprises in the country. This comes in the wake of Vietnam’s joining of the WTO in 2007, and since then, a variety of companies have invested in multi-sectors businesses and spread-out, in order to become conglomerates. This has conversely created a trend. These businesses have been investing in several projects which do not relate directly to their strong main sectors such as real estate and stocks, while the management capacity and inexperience of enterprises, the government’s institutions, and infrastructure have not developed as fast as the multi- sector and spreading investments. Instead of investing directly in foundational material such as machinery, construction and renovation of factories, research and development (R&D), and improving human resource management so as to develop their businesses, they have chased the trend of the multi-sector and spread investment so that they can obtain benefits immediately. As a consequence, the efficiency in investment of corporate businesses lowers, and may even be at the level of a loss. Because of this, it can cause stagnant equity, and influence the financial situation of the firms. This could ultimately lead to bankruptcy; as in the cases of VINASHIN' and EVN'. ' VINASHIN is a Vietnam Shipbuilding Industry Group. This Group involved in many projects in several different fields of economics beside its main business - shipbuilding; for instance, sea transport, ports, steels, Apart from this, it is not easy for enterprises to access sources of capital when real lending interest rate is so high in recent time (normally, the real lending rate is 18% - 20% per year; some cases is 23% per year). The reasons are by economic trends at the domestic, regional and global level. This can thus affect the firms’ investment decisions and processes of production with their business operations. In other words, investment issues affect not only the survival of the businesses, but also the levels of unemployment and economic development of a country. Although there are several papers that have studied on the determinants of investment decisions at the firm level, these however are mainly focused on developed economies and some emerging countries (e., the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, India, China, and Korea). To the best of my knowledge, only a group of researchers have attempted to address this issue as it relates to the scenario in Vietnam, while investment decision of the firms as become a big issue in recent years. (2007) analyzed some factors involved with the impact on investment decisions of private enterprises in the Mekong River Delta. Nonetheless, this research did not determine other variables, namely investment opportunities, region, or business risk, which might have an influence on investment decisions at the firm level. This thesis, therefore, proposes to investigate this situation as it relates to a larger scale. cements, beers, air services, insurance, banking, import (cars and motorbikes) and agricultures. Because of multi- sector and spread investment, VINASHIN has been facing to financial problems in heavily (more than VND , 80,000 billions or over USD 4 billions of debt) and facing lawsuits to be raised by foreign creditors (e., Elliott Vin, Netherlands). , ' EVN is a Vietnam Electricity Group. This group invests not only in electricity- main sector, but also spreads in hospitality, tourisms, media, real estate, etc. As a result, the group has been facing a large losses in recent years (in 2010, the loss is VND 8,400 billions or over USD 400 millions) and facing large debts (as of June.30, 201 l, EVN has remained in debt to PetroVietnam about VND 8,860 billions or over USD 440 millions, and Vietnam National Coal, Mineral Industries Corporation about VND 1,200 billions or over USD 50 millions).2 Research Objectives With investment situation of enterprises in Vietnam and the continuing importance of corporate investment decisions in mind, the overall goal of this thesis is to examine f:tctors which affect investment decisions at the firm level in Vietnam. To achieve this overall goal requires meeting the following specific objectives: (1) To determine whether cash flow affects corporate investment decisions; (2) To determine whether investment opportunities exerts influence on investment decisions of the firms; (3) To test whether other financial factors impact on investment decisions at the micro level such as leverage, sales growth, business risk, fixed capital intensity, etc; (4) To suggest policy recommendations for the enterprises in making decisions.3 Research questions Specifically, the research aims to address the following questions: (1) Does cash-flow affect the investment decisions of Vietnamese firms? (2) Do investment opportunities influence corporate investment decisions in Vietnam? . (3) Can corporate investment decisions be explained by other financial factors in Vietnam? 4 1.4 Scope and Methodology of Research The thesis will study this issue via 500 firms listed on the stock market in Vietnam during the period of 2006 — 2010. Both static and dynamic approaches are utilized to - estimate the determinants of corporate investment decisions through STATA 11 software. Specifically, the static econometric model specifications consist of Pooled Ordinary Least Square (Pooled OLS), Random Effects Model (REM), and Fixed Effects Model (FEM) to find the most appropriate model; whilst Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) is employed in the dynamic econometric model.5 Research structure The thesis is organized in five chapters, including this introduction. Chapter 2 reviews theories of investment and empirical studies of investment decision at the micro level. Chapter 3 describes data collection and methodology in which the model for estimation and method of estimation are outlined. Chapter 4 presents the results from analyzing data and discussion. Chapter 5 briefly draws the conclusion, recommendations and limitations of the thesis. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW In this chapter, section 2. l reviews key theories that are relevant for understanding investment at the firm level. Following this, empirical researches will be also showed in section 2.2 with the different contexts of the world in general, and of Vietnam in specific focus.

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