STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING ACADEMY Faculty of Foreign Languages ---------- GRADUATION THESIS MORAL HAZARD PROBLEM IN VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS FROM 2014 TO 2017 Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Hien Hanh (MA) Student : Nguyen Thuy Van Class : K16 - ATCB Student Code : 16A7510178 Hanoi, May 2017 STATE BANK OF VIETNAM BANKING ACADEMY Faculty of Foreign Languages ---------- GRADUATION THESIS MORAL HAZARD PROBLEM IN VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS FROM 2014 TO 2017 Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Hien Hanh (MA) Student : Nguyen Thuy Van Class : K16 - ATCB Student Code : 16A7510178 Hanoi, May 2017 Graduation Thesis Banking Academy DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is the product of my own work and effort. Where other sources of information have been used, they have been acknowledged. Signature Nguyen Thuy Van i Nguyen Thuy Van - K16ATCB Graduation Thesis Banking Academy ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to express my heartiest appreciation to Ms. Nguyen Thi Hien Hanh, my thesis supervisor, for her great guidance, useful advice, invaluable suggestions and comments in helping me complete the graduation thesis.
I also would like to give thanks to all my lecturers in Faculty of Foreign Languages - Banking Academy of Vietnam, who have provided such huge supports and instructed me throughout my four - year learning process. Without their help, I would not be able to finish this thesis. Special gratitude also goes to my beloved family and my friends for always supporting, caring, loving, and encouraging me during the process of doing this thesis. Due to time constraints and my limited capacity, this graduation thesis may not be free from certain defects.
Therefore, I hope to receive feedbacks from the lecturers as well as the readers to improve my thesis. ii Nguyen Thuy Van - K16ATCB Graduation Thesis Banking Academy ABSTRACT In economics, moral hazard and adverse selection are two possible consequences of asymmetric information or ineffective information pricing. Moral hazard occurs when the party with more information about its actions or intentions has a tendency to behave inappropriately from the perspective of the party with less information. In banking field, not only moral hazard can cause financial losses to businesses and customers, but can also create an alarming situation for the banking system particularly and the economy generally.
This can be seen as one of the most serious threats to all banks since the root of the matter could lie on the inside as well as the outside of the bank. Although many banks have recognized the gravity of this issue, they are still unable to find radical measures to successfully prevent moral hazard. Moral hazard can lead to severe damage especially for some developing country like Vietnam, where the banking system is incomplete, and its operation still contains many defects. This type of risk may occur in every stage and no matter where in the banking system, can seriously impact on the bank’s assets as well as its reputation.
The number of moral hazard cases is increasing rapidly and uncontrollably in Vietnamese commercial banks. Some of them are still in the process of investigation and prosecution. In most cases, the amount of loss money cannot be returned nor recovered. To cope with this situation, banks as well as the Government have come up with various solutions, and in this study, more recommendations will be suggested as well.
The aim of this thesis is to study moral hazard theories in the perspective of the author, provide readers with more knowledge by analyzing Vietnamese realistic cases, and giving suggestions to help banking system in the fight against moral hazard problem. iii Nguyen Thuy Van - K16ATCB Graduation Thesis Banking Academy TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION .iii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES. vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS. vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.
Significance of the study. Scope of the study. 3 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY. Definition of commercial bank.
The role of commercial bank. Asymmetric information in commercial banks. Concept of asymmetric information. Cases of asymmetric information.
Moral hazard problem in commercial banks. Concept of moral hazard problem in commercial banks. Causes of moral hazard. Consequences of moral hazard.
15 CHAPTER 3: MORAL HAZARD PROBLEM IN VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS FROM 2014 TO 2017. Current situation of moral hazard in Vietnamese commercial banking system17 3. Vietnamese moral hazard cases from 2014 to 2017. Cases caused by customers.
Cases caused by banks. Consequences of these cases. Addressing the actual problems of moral hazard. Current preventions in Vietnam.
41 iv Nguyen Thuy Van - K16ATCB Graduation Thesis Banking Academy 3. The unsolved issues. 43 CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS TO DEAL WITH MORAL HAZARD PROBLEM IN VIETNAMESE COMMERCIAL BANKS. Recommendations for banks.
Recommendations for those charged with governance. General solutions needed from the Government and the State Bank of Vietnam. 53 v Nguyen Thuy Van - K16ATCB Graduation Thesis Banking Academy LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Figure 1: The number of cases involving enforcement of judgments in relation to credit institutions and banks. 19 Figure 2: The number of cases involving enforcement of judgments in relation to credit institutions and banks in some provinces.
20 Figure 3: The number of cases in some banks. 21 Table 1: Penalties for a 31 billion VND appropriation case. 26 Table 2: Penalties for a 422 billion VND appropriation case. 27 Table 3: Penalties for a 600 billion VND appropriation case.
27 Table 4: Penalties for a 1,600 billion VND case. 27 Table 5: Penalties for Huynh Thi Huyen Nhu case. 37 Table 6: Expected penalties for Pham Cong Danh case after the first trial. 37 vi Nguyen Thuy Van - K16ATCB Graduation Thesis Banking Academy LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Abbreviations & Acronyms Full names ABBank An Binh Commercial Joint Stock Bank ACB Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Agribank Development BaoVietBank Bao Viet Joint Stock Commercial Bank Basel Committee on Banking Supervision - BCBS - IADI International Association of Deposit Insurers Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Investment and BIDV Development of Vietnam Vietnam Export Import Commercial Joint Stock Eximbank Bank GIC Global Insurance Corporation Ho Chi Minh City Development Joint Stock HDBank Commercial Bank Jsc.
Joint - stock Company Vietnam Postal Union Commercial Joint Stock LienVietPostBank Bank Ltd. Limited Company MOJ Ministry Of Justice MSB Vietnam Maritime Commercial Joint Stock Bank Nam A Bank Nam A Commercial Joint Stock Bank Navibank Nam Viet Commercial Joint Stock Bank Sacombank Saigon Thuong Tin Commercial Joint Stock Bank SBBS SaigonBank - Berjaya Securities SBV State Bank of Vietnam Techcombank Technology Commercial Joint Stock Bank TPBank Tien Phong Commercial Joint Stock Bank USD US Dollar vii Nguyen Thuy Van - K16ATCB Graduation Thesis Banking Academy VDB Vietnam Development Bank Vietcombank Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam Vietnam Construction Commercial Joint Stock VNCB Bank Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry Vietinbank and Trade VND Vietnam Dong viii Nguyen Thuy Van - K16ATCB Graduation Thesis Banking Academy CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Significance of the study The development of the Vietnam’s banking system has closely linked with the national cause of revolution and construction. The establishment of the Vietnam National Bank on May 6th, 1951 was a significant milestone in the evolution of Vietnam’s monetary and banking systems.
Since the Reformation in 1986, Vietnam’s banking sector has changed fundamentally along with the economy, contributing an important part in the socio - economic development of the country. Important changes were accomplished both in the structure, the regulation and the operations of the banks. Vietnam’s banking industry has grown tremendously from a mono - banking system to a huge network of banks and financial institutions. Throughout nearly thirty years, Vietnam’s banking system has been extended and improved incredibly both in quantity and quality.
There are 43 banks in active in which approximately 90% are commercial banks. Besides performing the usual commercial banking functions, banks in developing countries play an effective role in their economic development. Furthermore, banks also take responsibilities for providing many other services in order to support the establishment, and the operation of other economic entities. In the course of their operations, banks are invariably faced with various types of risks that may have a potentially negative effect on their business.
The risk arises from the occurrence of some expected or unexpected events in the economy or the financial markets. While having to take care of their customers, banks also need to pay attention to their own staffs. Many serious situations in daily banking activities can be created if their employees are not well - qualified, and this could easily lead to further awful aftermaths. On the other hand, banks have to deal with risks from their customers since some of them may intentionally or unintentionally want to benefit themselves by doing something harmful to banks.
The risk mentioned above is called moral hazard which appears from the imbalance of information between the parties involved in a contract. This type of 1 Nguyen Thuy Van - K16ATCB Graduation Thesis Banking Academy risk is gradually becoming a serious danger to banks as the economy and the banking system are developing every single day. This can bring about dreadful consequences and unwanted severe damage not only to many individuals, organizations, banks, but also the entire economy of the country. Being aware of how important this problem is, the author of this thesis expects that this work could help readers have a deeper understanding and a better view about moral hazard situation in Vietnamese commercial banks in recent years.
Moreover, some recommendations will be offered in this thesis with the hope of contributing partly to the prevention of the moral hazard problem in banking system. Research purposes The objective of this study is to provide readers with theoretical background of moral hazard issue in commercial banks. Also, the main target of the thesis is to analyze some noticeable cases of moral hazard in Vietnam’s banking system, as well as identify main causes, consequences, and current solutions of responsible parties to deal with the existed problem. Finally, the author would like to provide some more possible recommendations to prevent moral hazard problem and minimize its impacts on Vietnam’s banking sector.
Scope of the study The study mainly concerns moral hazard problem in the context of banking system. As well as this, the paper specifically aims at studying the causes and consequences of moral hazard in banking field, its reality in Vietnam in recent years, and offer solutions to cope with this situation at the present and in the years to come. Research methodology The thesis is based on a wide range of information resources from books, lectures, newspapers, journals, breaking news, previous researches, and the Internet. Hence, this study will represent and analyze the actual condition caused by moral 2 Nguyen Thuy Van - K16ATCB Graduation Thesis Banking Academy hazard in Vietnamese commercial banks by collective method, deduction, analysis, and statistics.
Research structure The thesis consists of 4 main chapters: (1) Introduction, (2) Theoretical background of the study, (3) Moral hazard problem in Vietnamese commercial banks from 2014 to 2017, (4) Recommendations to deal with moral hazard problem in Vietnamese commercial banks. In the first chapter, the author explains why the main topic is chosen, what it was for, and how it was completed. In the second chapter, the author will give a clear, comprehensible and sufficient theoretical knowledge about commercial banks, moral hazard and its main causes as well as effects in banking industry. In the third chapter, the author will provide the readers with a thorough overview of moral hazard issue in Vietnam’s banking sector in recent years by analyzing numerous cases and identifying hidden obstacles.
In the last chapter, some feasible recommendations will be suggested to prevent moral hazard problem and minimize the harmful impacts on Vietnam’s banking system.