Luận án các chiến lược thuyết phục trong các bài diễn văn tranh cử tổng thống của hillary clinton và donald trump trên bình diện phân tích diễn ngôn phê phán

Tài liệu nghiên cứu Luận án các chiến lược thuyết phục trong các bài diễn văn tranh cử tổng thống của hillary clinton, tổng hợp lý thuyết và thực hành, cung cấp kiến thức chuyên

• Tác giả: Nguyen Thi Thanh Thanh
• Người hướng dẫn: Dr. Ngũ Thiện Hùng
• Trường học: University of Foreign Language Studies, The University of Danang
• Chuyên ngành: English Linguistics
• Đề tài: Persuasive Strategies in English Political Speeches from the Perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis
• Loại tài liệu: doctoral thesis
• Năm xuất bản: 2023
• Địa điểm: Danang

Mục lục chi tiết

• STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• ABSTRACT
• LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
• LIST OF FIGURES
• LIST OF TABLES
• TABLE OF CONTENTS
• 1.1. Aims and Objectives of the Study
• 1.2. Scope of the Study
• 1.3. Key Terms of the Study
• 1.4. Organization of the Thesis
• 1.5. Critical Discourse Analysis
• 1.6. Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis
• 1.7. Critical Discourse Analysis – a Research Approach
• 1.8. Critical Discourse Analysis and Systemic Functional Grammar
• 1.9. Persuasion as a Political Concept
• 1.10. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
• 1.11. Reliability and Validity
• 2. PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES IN HILLARY CLINTON'S POLITICAL SPEECHES
• 2.1. Ethos in Hillary Clinton’s Political Speeches
• 2.2. Ideational Function: Distribution and Functions of Transitivity Processes
• 2.3. Textual Function: Theme and Rheme
• 2.4. Logos in Hillary Clinton’s Political Speeches
• 2.5. Ideational Function: Distribution and Functions of Transitivity Processes
• 2.6. Textual Function: Theme and Rheme
• 2.7. Pathos in Hillary Clinton’s Political Speeches
• 2.8. Ideational Function: Distribution and Functions of Transitivity Processes
• 2.9. Textual Function: Theme and Rheme
• 3. PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES IN DONALD TRUMP’S POLITICAL SPEECHES
• 3.1. Ethos in Donald Trump’s Political Speeches
• 3.2. Ideational Function: Distribution and Functions of Transitivity Processes
• 3.3. Textual Function: Theme and Rheme
• 3.4. Logos in Donald Trump’s Political Speeches
• 3.5. Ideational Function: Distribution and Functions of Transitivity Processes
• 3.6. Textual Function: Theme and Rheme
• 3.7. Pathos in Donald Trump’s Political Speeches
• 3.8. Ideational Function: Distribution and Functions of Transitivity Processes
• 3.9. Textual Function: Theme and Rheme
• 4. A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES IN HILLARY CLINTON’S AND DONALD TRUMP’S POLITICAL SPEECHES
• 4.1. A Contrastive Analysis of Ethos in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Political Speeches – Interpretation Stage
• 4.2. A Contrastive Analysis of Logos in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Political Speeches – Interpretation Stage
• 4.3. Textual Function: Theme and Rheme
• 4.4. A Contrastive Analysis of Pathos in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Political Speeches - Interpretation Stage
• 4.5. Textual Function: Theme and Rheme
• 4.6. Discursive Practices: Donald Trump versus Hillary Clinton - The Interpretation Stage
• 4.7. The Explanation Stage: Social Practices: Hillary Clinton versus Donald Trump
• 4.8. Historical and Cultural Context
• 4.9. Ideological Beliefs as Manifested in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Persuasive Strategies
• 4.10. The Effects of Ideologies as Manifested in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trumps’ Persuasive Strategies – The Explanation Stage
• 4.10.1. At the Situational Level
• 4.10.2. At the Institutional Level
• 4.10.3. At the Societal Level
• 4.11. Intertextuality as displayed in Donald Trump’s and Hillary Clinton’s Persuasive Strategies in View of Fairclough’s Three-layer Model of CDA
• 4.12. Limitation and Suggestions for Further Studies
• Rationale

Tóm tắt

I. Chiến lược thuyết phục trong diễn văn tranh cử

Chiến lược thuyết phục là yếu tố then chốt trong các diễn văn tranh cử của Hillary Clinton và Donald Trump. Nghiên cứu này tập trung vào việc phân tích các chiến lược này dựa trên phân tích diễn văn và nghệ thuật thuyết phục. Cả hai ứng cử viên đều sử dụng các phương pháp khác nhau để tác động đến tâm lý cử tri, từ đó giành được sự ủng hộ. Chiến lược giao tiếp của họ không chỉ dừng lại ở việc truyền tải thông điệp mà còn nhằm tạo ra tác động của diễn văn lâu dài. Nghiên cứu này sử dụng phân tích chính trị để làm rõ các yếu tố thành công trong các bài phát biểu của họ.

1.1. Chiến lược truyền thông

Chiến lược truyền thông đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc định hình hình ảnh ứng cử viên. Hillary Clinton thường sử dụng các thông điệp mang tính xây dựng và hợp tác, trong khi Donald Trump lại tập trung vào các tuyên bố mạnh mẽ và trực tiếp. Cả hai đều tận dụng các phương tiện truyền thông để lan tỏa thông điệp của mình, tạo ra tác động của diễn văn lớn đến cử tri.

1.2. Các phương pháp thuyết phục

Các phương pháp thuyết phục được sử dụng trong các bài phát biểu nổi bật của hai ứng cử viên bao gồm việc sử dụng ngôn ngữ giàu cảm xúc, logic chặt chẽ và uy tín cá nhân. Hillary Clinton thường nhấn mạnh vào các giá trị cộng đồng và sự đoàn kết, trong khi Donald Trump lại tập trung vào việc đưa ra các giải pháp cụ thể và mạnh mẽ.

II. Phân tích diễn văn tranh cử của Hillary Clinton và Donald Trump

Nghiên cứu này sử dụng phân tích diễn văn để làm rõ các chiến lược thuyết phục trong các bài phát biểu của Hillary Clinton và Donald Trump. Cả hai đều sử dụng ngôn ngữ chính trị để tác động đến tâm lý cử tri, từ đó giành được sự ủng hộ. Chiến dịch tranh cử của họ không chỉ dừng lại ở việc truyền tải thông điệp mà còn nhằm tạo ra tác động của diễn văn lâu dài. Nghiên cứu này sử dụng phân tích chính trị để làm rõ các yếu tố thành công trong các bài phát biểu của họ.

2.1. Chiến lược vận động

Chiến lược vận động của Hillary Clinton và Donald Trump được thể hiện rõ qua các bài phát biểu nổi bật. Clinton thường tập trung vào các vấn đề xã hội và sự đoàn kết, trong khi Trump lại nhấn mạnh vào các giải pháp kinh tế và an ninh. Cả hai đều sử dụng chiến lược giao tiếp để tạo ra sự đồng cảm và ủng hộ từ cử tri.

2.2. Đối thủ chính trị

Việc phân tích đối thủ chính trị trong các bài phát biểu của Hillary Clinton và Donald Trump cho thấy sự khác biệt rõ rệt trong cách tiếp cận vấn đề. Clinton thường sử dụng các thông điệp mang tính xây dựng, trong khi Trump lại tập trung vào việc chỉ trích đối thủ và đưa ra các tuyên bố mạnh mẽ.

III. Tác động của diễn văn tranh cử

Tác động của diễn văn trong chiến dịch tranh cử của Hillary Clinton và Donald Trump được phân tích dựa trên các chiến lược thuyết phục và nghệ thuật thuyết phục. Cả hai đều sử dụng ngôn ngữ chính trị để tác động đến tâm lý cử tri, từ đó giành được sự ủng hộ. Nghiên cứu này sử dụng phân tích chính trị để làm rõ các yếu tố thành công trong các bài phát biểu của họ.

3.1. Tâm lý cử tri

Việc hiểu rõ tâm lý cử tri là yếu tố then chốt trong các chiến lược thuyết phục của Hillary Clinton và Donald Trump. Clinton thường tập trung vào việc tạo ra sự đồng cảm và ủng hộ từ cử tri, trong khi Trump lại nhấn mạnh vào việc đưa ra các giải pháp cụ thể và mạnh mẽ.

3.2. Các yếu tố thành công

Các yếu tố thành công trong các bài phát biểu của Hillary Clinton và Donald Trump bao gồm việc sử dụng ngôn ngữ giàu cảm xúc, logic chặt chẽ và uy tín cá nhân. Cả hai đều tận dụng các phương tiện truyền thông để lan tỏa thông điệp của mình, tạo ra tác động của diễn văn lớn đến cử tri.

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

THE UNIVERSITY OF DANANG UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES NGUYEN THI THANH THANH PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES IN ENGLISH POLITICAL SPEECHES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS DOCTORAL THESIS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DANANG - 2023 THE UNIVERSITY OF DANANG UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES NGUYEN THI THANH THANH PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES IN ENGLISH POLITICAL SPEECHES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS Major: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS Code: 9220201 DOCTORAL THESIS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DANANG - 2023 i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP Except where the reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the dissertation. This dissertation has not been submitted for the award of any degree of diploma in any other tertiary institution. Da Nang, June, 2023 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I am greatly indebted to my supervisors for their continuous support and conscientious supervision. I wish to express my deep gratitude to Dr.

Ngũ Thiện Hùng and Dr. Lê Thị Giao Chi for their kindness of giving me useful feedback, constant encouragement to help me to conquer every demanding stage of the doctoral research. Thus, my supervisors fire up my confidence, determination in accomplishing the thesis. I owe my sincere thanks to Assoc.

Trần Hữu Phúc, Assoc. Nguyễn Thị Quỳnh Hoa, Assoc. Lưu Quý Khương, Assoc. Trần Văn Phước, Assoc.

Nguyễn Tất Thắng, Assoc. Nguyễn Quang Ngoạn, Dr. Võ Thị Kim Anh, and Dr. Huỳnh Ngọc Mai Kha for their precious comments and encouragement throughout my process of writing the paper.

I would like to thank the Department of Academic Affairs, University of Foreign Language Studies for their support and facilitation with the paperwork pertaining to this doctoral thesis. Last but not least, I am very grateful to my family: my parents, my brother and sister-in law, my three children and my husband. Especially, this dissertation could not have been completed without the immense support of my husband, who has always been encouraging me to achieve dissertation goals. iii ABSTRACT Politics is a process of seeking group decisions by the distribution of power and resources in order to put certain political, economic and social ideas into practice (Bayram, 2010).

It is hardly imagined that almost every political action is prepared, accompanied, influenced and accomplished without the utilization of persuasive strategies. The study on Persuasive Strategies in English Political Speeches from the Perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis attempts to build up a comprehensive picture of persuasion strategies in political discourse, especially contrasting political stands of the two presidential candidates Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump during their 2016 Presidential campaign. Methodologically, the study was designed as a descriptive comparative study using qualitative method since the collected data was targeted to yield information about the syntactic linguistic units in the form of sentences, phrases, clauses and words. These were classified into their syntactic categories along with their semantic functions, adopting Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model (1995, 2010), Halliday’s Textual Analysis in Systemic Functional Grammar (2004, 2014) as the grounding theories, assisted by rhetoric theory by Aristotle (1984) to unearth the persuasive strategies employed by Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump in their presidential election speeches.

Accordingly, thanks to the contrastive analysis of the persuasive strategies and the metafunctions utilized by the two politicians in 35 speeches, the thesis discovered that both politicians presented their different political stands and ideologies over various issues. Although Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump deeply reflected their tremendous love, patriotism and loyalty for their nation through their presidential election speeches, they mostly showed their disagreement on quite a large number of aspects manifested in six conflicting ideologies. The current situation of the American society was, therefore, also concurrently portrayed through the thesis findings. The dissertation, as briefly described above, is hoped to entail significant contribution to research on both language and discourse concerning persuasive strategies.

iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Adm : Admiration Aff : Affect App : Appreciation An : Anger Cal : Calmness CDA : Critical Discourse Analysis Conf : Confidence En : Envy Enth : Enthymeme E. : Example Fe : Fear Fr : Friendship Gw : Goodwill Ha : Hatred Jud : Judgment PIn : Perceived intelligence SFG : Systemic Functional Grammar VCh : Virtuous character v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. Fairclough’s framework for analyzing a communicative event. Applying Fairclough (1995, 2010)’s three-layered model to the research.

Main structure of the appraisal framework, adapted from Martin and White (2005). The sub-systems of Attitude Appraisal Martin and Rose (2007). Features of persuasion (Simon, 2001). Theoretical Framework of the Thesis.

Conceptual Framework of the Thesis. A snapshot of Research Randomizer Software. Ideational function in Hillary Clinton’s Ethos. Analysis of material process in Hillary Clinton’s Ethos.

Analysis of material process in Hillary Clinton’s Ethos. Analysis of mental process in Hillary Clinton’s Ethos. Analysis of mental process in Hillary Clinton’s Ethos. Analysis of relational process in Hillary Clinton’s Ethos.

Topical theme of behavior in Hillary Clinton’s Ethos. Topical theme of circumstance in Hillary Clinton’s Ethos. Topical theme of time in Hillary Clinton’s Ethos. Interpersonal theme - Vocatives in Hillary Clinton’s Ethos.

Ideational function in Hillary Clinton’s Logos. Analysis of material process in Hillary Clinton’s Logos. Analysis of material process in Hillary Clinton’s Logos. Analysis of mental process in Clinton’s Logos.

Analysis of relational process in Clinton’s Logos. Interpersonal theme – Finite. Interpersonal theme – Mood adjuncts in Hillary Clinton’s Logos. Vocatives in Hillary Clinton’s Logos.

Ideational function in Hillary Clinton’s Pathos. Analysis of material process in Hillary Clinton’s Pathos. Analysis of mental process in Hillary Clinton’s Pathos. Analysis of relational process in Hillary Clinton’s Pathos.

Topical theme of behavior in Hillary Clinton’s Pathos. Topical theme of circumstance in Hillary Clinton’s Pathos. Topical theme of time in Hillary Clinton’s Pathos. Vocatives in Hillary Clinton’s Pathos.

Ideational Function in Donald Trump’s Ethos. Analysis of material process in Donald Trump’s Ethos. Analysis of material process in Donald Trump’s Ethos. Analysis of mental process in Donald Trump’s Ethos.

Analysis of relational process in Donald Trump’s Ethos. Topical theme of behavior in Donald Trump’s Ethos. Topical theme of circumstance in Donald Trump’s Ethos. Topical theme of time in Donald Trump’s Ethos.

Interpersonal theme - Vocatives in Donald Trump’s Ethos. Ideational function in Donald Trump’s Logos. Analysis of material processes in Donald Trump’s Logos. Analysis of mental process in Donald Trump’s Logos.

Analysis of mental process in Donald Trump’s Logos. Analysis of relational process in Donald Trump’s Logos. Analysis of relational process in Donald Trump’s Logos. Topical theme of circumstance in Donald Trump’s Logos.

Topical theme of time in Donald Trump’s Logos. Ideational function in Donald Trump’s Pathos. Analysis of material process in Donald Trump’s Pathos. Analysis of mental process in Donald Trump’s Pathos.

Analysis of mental process in Donald Trump’s Pathos. Analysis of mental process in Donald Trump’s Pathos. Analysis of mental process in Donald Trump’s Pathos. Topical theme of circumstance in Donald Trump’s Pathos.

Topical theme of time in Donald Trump’s Pathos. Ethos’s features in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s political speeches. Modality in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Ethos. Ideational function in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Ethos.

Topical theme of behavior in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Ethos. Topical theme of time in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Ethos. Topical theme of circumstance in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump ’s Ethos. Interpersonal theme - Vocatives in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Ethos.

Logos’s features in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s political speeches. Modality in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Logos. Ideational function in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Logos 206 Figure 6. Interpersonal theme – Finite in Hillary Clinton’s Logos.

Interpersonal theme – Finite in Donald Trump’s Logos. Vocatives in Hillary Clinton’s Logos. Pathos in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s political speeches. Modality in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Pathos.

Ideational function in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Pathos213 Figure 6. Topical theme of circumstance in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Pathos. Topical theme of time in Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump’s Pathos. Vocatives in Hillary Clinton’s Pathos.

Voters’ views on Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump according to CBS NEWS’s poll .232 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 4. Ethos in Hillary Clinton’s political speeches. Modality in Hillary Clinton’s Ethos. Positive Affect in Hillary Clinton’s Ethos.

Negative Affect in Hillary Clinton’s Ethos. Judgement in Hillary Clinton’s Ethos. Appreciation in Hillary Clinton’s Ethos. Logos in Hillary Clinton’s political speeches.

Modality in Hillary Clinton’s Logos. Positive Affect in Hillary Clinton’s Logos. Negative Affect in Hillary Clinton’s Logos. Judgement in Hillary Clinton’s Logos.

Appreciation in Hillary Clinton’s Logos. Pathos in Hillary Clinton’s political speeches. Modality in Hillary Clinton’s Pathos. Positive Affect in Hillary Clinton’s Pathos.

Negative Affect in Hillary Clinton’s Pathos. Judgement in Hillary Clinton’s Pathos. Appreciation in Hillary Clinton’s Pathos. Ethos in Donald Trump’s political speeches.

Modality in Donald Trump’s Ethos. Positive Affect in Donald Trump’s Ethos. Negative Affect Donald Trump’s Ethos. Judgement in Donald Trump’s Ethos.

Appreciation in Donald Trump’s Ethos. Logos in Donald Trump’s political speeches. Distribution of modality in Donald Trump’s Logos. Positive Affect in Donald Trump’s Logos.

The summary of negative Affect in Donald Trump’s Logos. Judgement in Donald Trump’s Logos. Appreciation in Donald Trump’s Logos. Pathos in Donald Trump’s political speeches.

Modality in Donald Trump’s Pathos. Positive Affect in Donald Trump’s Pathos. Negative Affect in Donald Trump’s Pathos. Judgement in Donald Trump’s Pathos.

Appreciation in Donald Trump’s Pathos. Persuasive strategies employed in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s political speeches. Modality in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Ethos. Affect in Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton’s Ethos.

Judgement Appraisal in the Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton’s Ethos. Appreciation Appraisal in Donald Trump’s and Hillary Clinton’s Ethos. Modality in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Logos. Affect in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Logos.

Judgement in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Logos. Appreciation in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Logos. Modality in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Pathos. Affect in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Pathos.

Judgement in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Pathos. Appreciation in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Pathos. Error! Bookmark not defined. Positioning Text production in the Communicative Context – Interpretation Stage.

Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Promises on the Economy. Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Promises on Terrorism. Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Promises on Military. Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Promises on Immigration.

Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Promises on Healthcare. Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Promises on Gun Policy. Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s Promises on Education. Ideology dichotomy as presented in Hillary Clinton’s and Donald Trump’s persuasive strategies .242 xi TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP.

iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. iv LIST OF FIGURES .v LIST OF TABLES. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS. Aims and Objectives of the Study.

Scope of the Study. Key Terms of the Study. Organization of the Thesis. Critical Discourse Analysis.

Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis. Critical Discourse Analysis – a Research Approach. Critical Discourse Analysis and Systemic Functional Grammar. Persuasion as a Political Concept.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY. Reliability and Validity. PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES IN HILLARY CLINTON'S POLITICAL SPEECHES. Ethos in Hillary Clinton’s Political Speeches.

Ideational Function: Distribution and Functions of Transitivity Processes. Textual Function: Theme and Rheme. Logos in Hillary Clinton’s Political Speeches .