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Luận văn thạc sĩ nghiên cứu ueh antecedents and outcomes of emotional labor a study of front line employees of the tourism, đánh giá hiện trạng, phân tích vấn đề, đề xuất biện

Người đăng

Ẩn danh

Thể loại

Master Thesis

2018

61
4
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

ABBREVIATION

1. Theoretical background and hypotheses

1.1. The relationships among emotional labor and its antecedents and its outcomes

1.2. The relationship between emotional intelligence and emotional labor

1.3. The relationship between job autonomy and emotional labor

1.4. The relationship between emotional display rules and emotional labor

1.5. The relationship between emotional labor and job burnout

1.6. The relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction

1.7. The relationship between job burnout and job satisfaction

2. Procedure and sample

3. Results and discussion

3.1. Results of structural equation modeling analysis (SEM)

3.2. Conclusion and managerial implications

3.3. Limitations and future research

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY International School of Business ------------------------------ Nguyen Anh Phuc ANTECEDENTS AND OUTCOMES OF EMOTIONAL LABOR: A STUDY OF FRONT-LINE EMPLOYEES OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Ho Chi Minh City – Year 2018 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY International School of Business ------------------------------ Nguyen Anh Phuc ANTECEDENTS AND OUTCOMES OF EMOTIONAL LABOR: A STUDY OF FRONT-LINE EMPLOYEES OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN VIETNAM MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SUPERVISOR: Nguyen Thi Mai Trang Ho Chi Minh City – Year 2018 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, I would like to say thank you very much to Assoc. Nguyen Thi Mai Trang (my supervisor) for her valuable instructions and kind supports in helping me finish this academic research. I also appreciate the members of the thesis defense committee’s comments and meaningful suggestions to help me to complete this thesis. My sincere thanks are given to all of my professors at International Business School – University of Economics of Ho Chi Minh City for their teaching during my master course. Finally, I would like to express my deepest thanks for my family, friends for always being my side during studying the master course. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT ABBREVIATION 1. Theoretical background and hypotheses .2 The relationships among emotional labor and its antecedents and its outcomes . The relationship between emotional intelligence and emotional labor . The relationship between job autonomy and emotional labor . The relationship between emotional display rules and emotional labor . The relationship between emotional labor and job burnout . The relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction . The relationship between job burnout and job satisfaction .1 Procedure and sample . Results and discussion .3 Results of structural equation modeling analysis (SEM) . Conclusion and managerial implications .3 Limitations and future research . 35 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Standardized coefficient path ………………………………………………. 24 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Means, standard deviations, and standardized CFA loadings of items . Unstandardized structural paths . 21 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABBREVIATION CFA Confirmatory Factor Analysis EFA Exploratory Factor Analysis EFL English as Foreign Language HRM Human Resource Management CR Composite reliability AVE Averaged variance extracted SEM Structural equation modeling SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT The new trend of successful tourism companies is truly engaging their front-line service employees by applying emotional labor theory to maximize service quality, satisfaction, and behavioral outcomes. This study investigates the antecedents of front-line service employee emotional labor in the tourism organizations in Vietnam. It also examines the role of emotional labor toward employee job burnout and job satisfaction. Employing the CFA & SEM analyses with a sample of 302 front-line employees, the research findings reveal that emotional intelligence, job autonomy, and emotional display rules has the positive relationships with emotional labor and emotional labor has a positive relationship with job burnout. Furthermore, emotional labor negatively relates to job satisfaction of Vietnamese employees. Finally, job burnout has a negative relationship with job satisfaction. Key words: Emotional intelligence, job autonomy, emotional display rules, emotional labor, job burnout, job satisfaction, tourism. LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Introduction The service sector in Viet Nam is identified as one of the key industry to develop the overall economy growth rate. In the trend of transitioning to the freedom economy, the service sector, consisting of tourism industry in Vietnam, has always played an important role. The World Travel & Tourism Council (2014) mentions that the contribution factors of Travel & Tourism sectors to GDP will be hotels, airlines, airports, travel agents and leisure and recreation services that deal directly with tourists. The total contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP of Vietnam was VND311, 117 Billion (9.6% of GDP) in 2013 and directly created 1,899,000 jobs (3.7% of total employment). Vietnam is one of the most popular destinations in Asia, the number of international visitors to Vietnam has been rising every year. It means that tourism industry will have to focus more on better human resources policies so that they can fare well in the competition and satisfy their customers due to its special feature is an interaction between service providing by the service employees and service accepting by customers. Travel agencies (both traditional and online) dominate the market for Vietnam, Thailand and the Philippines with a 62%, 66% and 52% share, respectively. However, direct booking is still getting to the most popular booking channel in Vietnam and accounts for significant sales in this country (Thornton, 2016). Therefore, creating the organizations’ reputation is crucial to take advantages the new trend of direct booking channel. The main characteristic of a service sector is “the contact and interaction between service providers (employees) and service acceptors (customers)” (Tsaur, Chang & Wu, 2003, p. The main products provided by tourism organizations are services 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com and the employees who play role as service providers will provide those services to customers. Thus, employee in the tourism industry becomes a part of service products and their excellent performance help to form image of organizations (Kusluvan, 2003). Vietnam tourism industry needs to overcome these issues to optimize its potential at least by using “professional smiling front-line service workers” to be as “country ambassadors”. Today, the new trend of successful tourism companies is truly engaging their front-line service employees by applying emotional labor theory to enhance satisfaction with their external customers. As stated by Grandey (2000), interest in emotional labor for research has been gradually started basing on the work of Hochschild (as cited in Grandey, 2000). Nowadays, business in the tourism is very competitive so that travel agencies must focus more on "service with a smile" to improve their reputations basing on customer satisfaction, employee behavioral outcomes. As mentioned above, front-line service worker’s performance is one of the key points to obtain customer service using and royalty. Service workers are therefore requested to regulate their feelings well in acting when interacting with customers (Karatepe, 2010). Hochschild (1983) uses the definition of emotional labor to indicate front-line service worker’s actions of trying to regulate both inside feelings and external appearance of showing these feelings to satisfy company’s expected emotions. This researcher mentions that emotional labor may involve showing, pretending to express or suppressing emotions (e. showing smiles and good humor…) and in each case, managing emotions of front-line service workers will 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com result in more effective workplace interaction. Then, emotions have evolved to help employees act adaptively to customer behaviors and working situations (Grandey, 2000). Additionally, emotional intelligence shows that employees are able to recognize and understand any emotional signal. Based on that ability, front-line service employees may use suitable ways to manage their feelings and encourage intellectual growth (Salovey & Mayer, 1990). Therefore, emotional intelligence becomes a critical factors to make emotional issues easier for service workers to regulate. While front-line service employees perform their jobs, they always interact to customers face-to-face. So they are asked to show appropriate manners and control their feelings well (Karatepe, 2010). Thus, a study of both emotional labor and emotional intelligence for understanding service employee individual emotional expression to help the service employees keep smiling faces is really important. The reality is that front-line service workers in Vietnam are facing to different kind of stresses. Vietnamnet (2017) reveals that employees have to deal with a lot of unexpected troubles or customers’ bad attitudes leading to work stress and job burnout. Sexual harassments while contacting with the customers is not an easy case for employees to handle and these challenges will hurt employees’ emotion (VOV, 2016). Moreover, these workers admit that they are tired of fixing the frequent bad tourism environment of destinations in Vietnam or tired of how using their relationships with intermediaries to perform the best services for customers (Vietnamnet, 2017). Employees in the service sector also share their anxieties on balancing their times for families and for working (Tap Chi Du Lich, 2016). Chowdhary and Prakash (2010) show in their study 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com that the above challenges will create mental and physical pressure resulting job burnout, less job satisfaction and finally low service quality. Up till now, there are a lot of researches studying about employees’ emotional labor and emotional labor in developed countries (Hochschild, 1983; Ashforth & Humphrey, 1993; Grandey, 2000) (also see appendix G). In scholars’ attempts to search for potential antecedents and outcomes that have high power to explain worker emotional labor in the service industry, Grandey (2000) conceptualizes a model to help employees to regulate their emotions when performing their jobs in the workplace which includes situational cues (e. interaction expectations, emotional events), emotion regulation process (emotional labor, individual factors, organizational factors), results (e. individual well-being, organizational well- being) and then other works restrict themselves to identify these factors separately or not in the tourism industry. There is few studies mention the relationships of these factors in one model to have an empirical research in tourism industry. As the researcher well searched from previous studies, the study of Hoang (2010) studies the application of emotional labor to distinguish the differences in emotional labor illustration of female employees in the low-end sectors and high-end sectors. Very few scholars do the research about this issue in the tourism industry in Vietnam – where front-line tourism workers might be counterfeit in claiming for himself or herself by the line others assume he or she has taken during a particular contact in the contrast of his or her ability to manage emotions due to a saving face culture in working environment, not basing on organizational displays rules (Nguyen, Ladkin & Osman, 2016; Quang, Khuong & Le, 2015). More importantly, due to this saving face culture, Vietnamese tourism front-line 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com employees often try to control their manners while face-to-face interact with customers for long time. They will easily hurt physically or emotionally by stress. Thus, this study try to understand and fill in this gap by testing the effects of emotional intelligence, job autonomy, emotional display rules on emotional labor, and subsequently on job burnout and job satisfaction of front-line service workers who are working in the tourism industry in Vietnam. Basing on the research results, this finding provides managers a deep understanding about emotional labor. Therefore, findings of this study can be used to develop the suitable human capital management strategies in the tourism organizations. Theoretical background and hypotheses 2.1 Emotional labor Emotional labor refers to “the regulation and expression of organizationally desired emotions at work in order to fulfill the emotional display requirement of the organizations or job” (Diefendorff, Richard, & Croyle, 2006; p. The research of emotional labor shows that when front-line service employees are asked to have particular expressions to customers during working might create more pressures to employees’ feelings. Grandey (2000) mentions employees experience the process of regulating their manners and showing up to follow the emotional expectations of a job (e. These service workers are expected to regulate their emotions (e. displaying positive emotions and acting friendly) while working with customers, colleagues and supervisors. This study is going to discover the ways that service workers control their emotions to satisfy with their works and to improve work outcomes. 5 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Diefendorff et al. (2006) and Grandy (2000) study emotional labor by analyzing how to show (e. surface acting) and control feelings (e. deep acting) for meeting organizational goals. Then, the front-line service employees surely know how to interact with the customers with an enthusiastic and friendly attitude. That is why, more learning about this concept is really essential for Vietnamese tourism organizations.

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