Nghiên cứu trật tự tuyến tính của câu đơn trong tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt

Luận văn thạc sĩ VNU ULIS nghiên cứu tính tuyến tính của câu đơn trong tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt, góp phần vào lĩnh vực ngôn ngữ học.

2011

51
3
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. PART 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Aims of the study

1.2. Scope of the study

1.3. Method of the study

2. PART 2: DEVLOPMENT

2.1. Chapter 1: Theoretical background

2.1.1. What is linearity?

2.1.2. What is a simple sentence?

2.1.3. Classifications of simple sentences according to their communicative purpose

2.2. Chapter 2: Linearity in the English affirmative statement

2.2.1. Elements and patterns of the English affirmative statement

2.2.2. Traditional positions of these five elements in English

2.2.2.1. Position of Subject
2.2.2.2. Position of Verb Phrase
2.2.2.3. Position of Objects

2.3. Chapter 3: Linearity in the Vietnamese affirmative statement

2.4. Chapter 4: Contrastive analysis of linearity in English and Vietnamese affirmative statement

2.5. Chapter 5: Implication for teaching and learning English

3. PART 3: CONCLUSION

Reference Appendix

SYMBOL AND ABBREVIATIONS

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY Ò LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ THU QUỲNH AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE LINEARITY TO SIMPLE SENTENCE IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ TRẬT TỰ TUYẾN TÍNH CỦA CÂU ĐƠN TRONG TIẾNG ANH ĐỐI CHIỀU VỚI TIẾNG VIỆT M. MINOR THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 HANOI, 2011 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES  NGUYỄN THỊ THU QUỲNH AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE LINEARITY TO SIMPLE SENTENCE IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ TRẬT TỰ TUYẾN TÍNH CỦA CÂU ĐƠN TRONG TIẾNG ANH ĐỐI CHIỀU VỚI TIẾNG VIỆT M.A MINOR THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15 Supervisor: Nguyễn Hương Giang, MA Hanoi, 2011 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1. Aims of the study . Scope of the study . Method of the study . 2 PART 2: DEVLOPMENT Chapter 1: Theoretical background 3 1. What is linearity? . What is a simple sentence? . Classifications of simple sentences according to their communicative purpose . 6 Chapter 2: Linearity in the English affirmative statement 8 2. Elements and patterns of the English simple sentence . Traditional positions of these five elements in English . 1 Position of Subject . 2 Position of Verb . 3 Position of Object . 4 Position of Complement . 5 Position of Adverbial . Inversion in Affirmative statement . Subject – verb inversion .1 Auxiliary verbs before Subject .2 Main verb before Subject . 2 Subject - Object Inversion . 18 iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. 3 Subject - Complement Inversion . 4 Subject - Adverbial Inversion . 18 Chapter 3: Linearity in the Vietnamese affirmative statement 20 3. Elements and patterns of the Vietnamese affirmative statement . Positions of elements . 1 Position of Subject . 2 Position of Verb . 3 Position of Object . 4 Position of Complement . 5 Position of Adverbial . Inversion in Vietnamese affirmative statement . Verb before subjects . Complement at the beginning . Object before Subject and Verb . Adverbial at the beginning . 27 Chapter 4: Contrastive analysis of linearity in English and Vietnamese affirmative statement 28 4.1 Elements and structure of affirmative statement.2 Inversion in the emphasized sentence . 36 Chapter 5: Implication for teaching and learning English 37 5.1 Typical mistakes made by Vietnamese learners .2 Suggested types of exercises . 39 PART 3: CONCLUSION 41 Reference Appendix iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com v SYMBOL AND ABBREVIATIONS A Adverbial Adj Adjective AdjP Adjective Phrase AP Adverbial Phrase Aux.V Auxiliary Verb C Complement Co Object Complement Cs Subject Complement NP Noun Phrase O Object Od Direct object Oi Indirect object PP Prepositional phrase Pre Predicated S Subject V Verb Vcomplex- trans Complex transitive Verb Vditrans Ditransitive Verb Vint Intensive Verb Vintran Intransitive Verb Vmonotrans Monotransitive Verb VP Verb Phrase v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 1 PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale With integration of Vietnam in globalization, the need of learning foreign languages, learning English in our society is in great demand. One of the effective approaches that learners do not really seem to notice is the comparative analysis between foreign languages and native language. This will help learners acquire foreign languages easily. In the English language, the position of elements is essential to the meaning of a sentence in general and the meaning of a simple sentence in particular. A change in element position may bring about a fundamental change in meaning. Like in Vietnamese and some other languages, in English, linearity in a simple sentence plays an important role. We can depend on it to find out whether it is a statement (affirmative or negative one), a question, a command or an exclamation. Thus an all – round understanding of element position in the simple sentence also contributes a great deal to the study of language both theoretically and practically. Many Vietnamese learners (especially beginners and intermediate learners) cannot avoid making common mistakes in placing elements at the right position in the statement of simple sentence. The position of sentence elements in English and Vietnamese are not the same partly because different languages use different lingual and cultural habits. For the above – mentioned reasons, research on linearity in sentence should be given special attention by those who use English as a foreign language, especially by not only all of us, who are working as teachers of English, but also our students who are learning English as a compulsory subject. Aims of the study In the Investigation into the Linearity to simple sentence in English and Vietnamese as an M. thesis, the author has the following aims: - to find out the similarities and differences of the linearity in English and Vietnamese affirmative statement. - to help Vietnamese learners avoid some common mistakes in using English. In order to realize these aims, the study supports to answer the following research questions: 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. What is linearity of sentence? 2. What are similarities and differences of the linearity in English and Vietnamese affirmative statement? 3. What are common mistakes in linearity made by Vietnamese learners? 3. Scope of the study According to communicative purpose, there are four kinds of simple sentence. They are statement, question, command and exclamation. Each kind of simple sentence has two forms: affirmative and negative. However in my study, I only focus on the linearity in affirmative statement. In my study, first of all, I present linearity in affirmative statement of English simple sentence and Vietnamese one. Next, I discuss Linearity in both languages and then make comparison between linearity in affirmative statement of English simple sentence and Vietnamese one. My study is divided into five chapters: Chapter 1 is the theoretical background of my subject. Chapter 2 and chapter 3 present the possible linearity in the English and Vietnamese affirmative statement. In chapter 4, there is a contractive analysis of linearity in English and Vietnamese affirmative statement. Last but not least, in chapter 5, the implication in teaching and learning English of the study will be mentioned. Method of the study Contrastive analysis is the main linguistic method applied in my study in which the linearity in affirmative statement in English and Vietnamese is considered its objective. Reading English Grammar books and Vietnamese books is carried out to get as much knowledge of the subject as possible. Most of examples are taken from books widely used in English and Vietnam. Moreover in my study I make contractive analysis to find out similarities and differences in the linearity in the affirmative statement between two languages. 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 3 PART 2: DEVLOPMENT Chapter 1: Theoretical background 1. What is linearity? According to R. Jacobs (1995, p 80), English Syntax, Linearity is that sentences are produced and received in a linear sequence. It is undeniable that no one can utter simultaneously all the words of a sentence. Nor could such an utterance be understood. Hence, sentences are produced and received in a linear sequence. The principle of the linearity of language signs was established by Ferdinand de Saussure. A linguistic sign, as Saussure states, consists of two sides: signifie (i.e the thing signified) and significant (the thing singnifies). The significant of language sign bears linearity feature. When language signs are put into communication, they come out successively forming a sequence. The occurrence of language signs is governed by the characteristic of time which is one way by nature. As a result, words are spoken (or written) and heard (or read) in a time sequence from early to later, a sequence represented in the English writing system by a procession of written forms from left to right. There is a standard order for subject, verb and object. In the English, we have an example: Cassius sees Brutus S V O The subject of the sentence, Cassius, precedes the verb sees, while the object, Brutus, follows the verb. Numbers of other languages follow the same order. Subject – Verb – Object (abbreviated as SVO). We could try to switch around the subject and the object, converting the SVO order into OVS, as in this example: Brutus sees Cassius O V S But if we did, English speakers would identify Brutus as the subject. The order would still be SVO, but the meanings would be different. Also, according to Jacobs, other languages may use different orderings. The range of possible orderings of these words or phrases is known as the word order parameter. In many languages, word order is less crucial than it is in English because, as in Latin, there is greater 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 4 reliance on suffixes and other ways of making sentence constituents. Word order therefore appears to be a setting on a yet more general parameter of function marking. But in no language is word order totally insignificant. Hence, linearity is the basic property of sentence structure. It determines the location of sentence constituents and the syntactic relationship between those constituents. Changing the position of sentence constituents will result in changing in meaning. What is a simple sentence? Definition of simple sentence.E (1997: 26) presented: “Simple sentence is a sentence that has one subject and one verb”. However, this definition is insufficient because in a sentence there may be one or more subject and a verb or, in turn, one subject with one or more verbs. Mary and her boyfriend are doctors. S V C She came and sat down next to me. S V A Quirk, R and S, Greenbaum (1990: 166): “A simple sentence is the sentence that consists of only one clause” Alexander (1988: 4) writes: “The smallest sentence unit is the simple sentence. A simple sentence normally has one finite verb. It has a subject and a predicate”. It is possible to make sure that the last definition by L. Alexander is considered the most sufficient and satisfying one. Type of the simple sentence: Structurally, there are usually two main types of the simple sentence: - (i) complete simple sentence is the sentence that has one subject and one predicate. (Also called two – member sentences) - (ii) Special simple sentence is the sentence that has only subject or a verb, sometimes, it is called an incomplete simple sentence. Look! Rain! 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 5 In term of communicative purposes, there are four kinds of simple sentence: statement, question, command and exclamation. Each kind has two forms – affirmative and negative. However, in my study, I only focus on the affirmative statement. Classifications of simple sentences according to their communicative purpose According to Quirk. R (1990: 190), the sentence may be divided into four major syntactic classes whose use correlates with different communication functions. They are statement (declarative sentence), question (interrogative sentence), command (or imperative sentence), and exclamation (or exclamatory sentence). A Statement/ A Declarative sentence A Statement or a declarative sentence is a sentence that makes a statement in which the subject is always present and generally precedes the verb. John will speak to the boss today. The declarative sentence is used more frequently than all of the types. It always followed by a stop (.) There are two forms of statement, affirmative and negative. Affirmative statement is a statement that affirms a proposition, without negative words.: She is talking to her mother. Negative statement is a statement which contains negative words such as not, rare, seldom, never, hardly, etc.: She is not talking to her mother. A Question/ An interrogative sentence: An interrogative sentence is the sentence that asks a question E. How many students are there in your class? An interrogative sentence is always followed by a question mark (?).

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