Luận văn thạc sĩ về giao tiếp phi ngôn từ Anh-Việt và khoảng cách văn hóa

Luận văn thạc sĩ nghiên cứu vnu ulis english vietnamese cross cultural nonverbal communication understanding proxemics in, khảo sát thực trạng, phân tích nguyên nhân, đề xuất giải

2018

91
3
0

Phí lưu trữ

35 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

1. CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1. What is communication?

1.2. What is nonverbal communication?

1.3. Areas of Proxemics

1.4. Factors affecting conversational distances

1.5. Social Status – Power Distance

1.6. Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures

2. CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY

2.1. Data-collection instruments

2.2. Personal observation-video recordings

3. CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

3.1. Research question 1: What are the factors that affect the conversational distance between Vietnamese dyads?

3.2. Research question 2: What is the proxemic distance preferred by Vietnamese speakers during communication process?

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

0.1. Summary of major findings

0.2. Limitations of the study

0.3. Suggestions for further study

LIST OF TABLES

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES HOÀNG PHƯỢNG ENGLISH-VIETNAMESE CROSS-CULTURAL NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION: UNDERSTANDING PROXEMICS IN DIFFERENT CULTURES (Giao tiếp phi ngôn từ Anh-Việt: Sự lĩnh hội về khoảng cách trong các nền văn hoá khác nhau) M. MAJOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 8020201.01 HANOI – 2018 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES HOÀNG PHƯỢNG ENGLISH-VIETNAMESE CROSS-CULTURAL NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION: UNDERSTANDING PROXEMICS IN DIFFERENT CULTURES (Giao tiếp phi ngôn từ Anh-Việt: Sự lĩnh hội về khoảng cách trong các nền văn hoá khác nhau) M. MAJOR PROGRAMME THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 8020201. NGUYỄN HÒA HANOI - 2018 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com DECLARATION I hereby certify the thesis entitled “English-Vietnamese cross-cultural nonverbal communication: understanding proxemics in different cultures” as my own work in the fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts at the University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Hanoi, 2018 Hoàng Phượng i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To be able to complete this thesis, I have been whole-heartedly supported by many people to whom I would like to express my sincere thanks for their valuable contribution. First of all, I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to my beloved supervisor, Prof. He was the one who advised, supported, encouraged, supervised, and inspired me throughout the realization of this thesis. I highly appreciate his valuable advice, detailed comments, enthusiastic and careful guidance as well as his great patience throughout this process. Second of all, I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to my respectful lectures in Faculty of Post-Graduate Studies at University of Languages and International Studies for their devotion and their fascinating, and informative lectures which have provided me useful information to fulfill this thesis. What is more, I would like to give my great thanks to my colleagues and my students for their willingness to participate in this project. Without them, this study would have been impossible. Last but not least, I owe particular thanks to my family and my friends who have enthusiastically assisted and encouraged me to finish this thesis. ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT Conversational distance has been the focus of hundreds of previous research studies. However, the conclusions of previous studies on interpersonal distance preferences were limited, especially the conclusions on Vietnamese‟s preferable proxemic distance were also restricted due to some certain problems of research methodologies. The objective of the present study was to find out the preferred social, personal and intimate distances of Vietnamese communicators as a case of proxemics behavior. This study also indicated the factors which have influence on interpersonal distance of Vietnamese communicators, in which a number of research methods were exploited. The values of preferred conversational distance, then, can be used as a reference in related future research. iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . Rationale for the study . Aims of the study. Scope of the study . Structure of the thesis .4 CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW . What is communication? . What is nonverbal communication? . Areas of Proxemics . Factors affecting conversational distances. Social Status – Power Distance . Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures: . 17 iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY . Data-collection instruments. Personal observation-video recordings: . 30 CHAPTER III: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS . Research question 1: What are the factors that affect the conversational distance between Vietnamese dyads? . Research question 2: What is the proxemic distance preferred by . 48 Vietnamese speakers during communication process? . 57 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . Summary of major findings . Limitations of the study . Suggestions for further study. 64 v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. 82 vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 1. ANOVA descriptions of data on conversational distance measured for three age-groups. Test of Homogeneity of Variances of Age-Factor . ANOVA results of statistical analyses of different relationships . The Post hoc tests result of the three different age groups . The Robust Tests of Equality of Means of Different Relationships . Group Statistics of data on conversational distance measured for Gender . Independent Samples Test of data on conversational distance measured by male and female communicators . Group Statistics of data on conversational distance measured for Marital Status . Independent Samples Test of data on conversational distance measured by married and single communicators . Independent Samples Test of data on conversational distance measured by high and low social status communicators . Independent Samples Test of data on conversational distance with living areas as an effecting factor . Independent Samples Test of data on conversational distance measured by introvert and extrovert informants . 45 vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com PART A INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale for the study This study was conducted because of several reasons. In the first place, proxemics can be considered as one of the most prominent aspects to investigate the manifestation of nonverbal communication and to emphasize its significance in human life. However, there has not been enough studies giving rise to proxemics findings. In fact, none of the previous research has been performed to find out Vietnamese common conversational distance. In the second place, misbehavior in proxemics within cross-cultural communication, especially in multicultual or multinational working environment, might unexpectedly arise and entail misunderstanding then cultural shock, or even communication breakdown. Thus, the reviewing of proxemics behaviors in other mutual cultures in that great success in communication can be necessary. Finally, nonverbal communication with attention is given to proxemics behaviour has been one of my interest as a researcher. Hence, I am intending to explore and discuss conversational distances and how it affects human communication. Apparently, the ways Vietnamese informants apply conversational distances will be explored and analysed. The findings and results of this study would somehow expectedly raise the awareness that how important the nonverbal communication would be. Also, the findings would focus on the preferred conversational distance of Vietnamese communicators and then provide recommendations to American speakers in order avoid culture shocks and misunderstandings while interacting with Vietnamese informants. Aims of the study This thesis is inspired by Hall‟s work. He creates a framework which indicated a need for my study. The purpose of this study is to find the factors that affect the proxemics behaviors between Vietnamese dyads, mainly: age, gender, marital status, power distance, living area, and character of the informants. In 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com addtion, it examines and explores the proxemic distances preferred by Vietnamese speakers during communication process. Research questions: The study addresses the following research questions: 1. What are the factors that affect the conversational distance between Vietnamese dyads? 2. What is the proxemic distance preferred by Vietnamese speakers during communication process? 4. Scope of the study This study focuses on only conversational distance, as one of the three areas of proxemics (including space, distance and territory). However, the researcher was delivering an overview of all aspects as listed. Specifically, this research particularly identified conversational distance in American-Vietnamese cross-cultural nonverbal communication. The data of American informants would be supposed to be the baseline data, which will be gathered through previous studies related to this field. That means, the data of English communicators would be secondary data in which the author tried to exploit the sources or materials from studies reported in researches, reports, professional journals and books. The data of Vietnamese dyads, however, will be collected as primary one, those will be gathered for the first time and thus happen to be original in character. Structure of the thesis The study is divided into three main parts as follow: Part A: Introduction covers the rationale for study, aims, research questions, the scope, and structure of the study. Part B: Development is organized around three chapters as follows: Chapter I - Literature review provides the theoretical framework of the study related to different approaches of proxemics behavior in different cultures, mainly English and Vietnamese cultures. In this chapter, the author intends to give 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com explanations on the appropriate framework of proxemics that will be applied to the study. Chapter II - Methodology presents the context, the methodology of the research which states the research design, data instruments including and questionnaires, informal interviews as well as videotaped recordings in order to find the conversational distance between communicative dyads. Also, one-way ANOVA and Independence Sample t-test became the appropriate statically formulas which helps the author analyze the data involved. A brief description of the participants of the study, data collection procedure and summary of the methodology could be found in this chapter. Chapter III – Findings and Discussions describes and discusses the major findings involving the issues of what factors affect and which factor has the most influence on the conversational distances favored by Vietnamese talkers. Still, the detailed explanation for the dissimilarities of preferable interpersonal distance of the two cultures will be addressed in this chapter. Part C: Conclusion offers a summary of the findings, from which recommendations, limitations, and future directions for further related studies can also be drawn out. 3 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com PART B DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter reviews the theoretical issues related to the topic of the current study. This part will present a variety of definition and type of nonverbal communication. What is communication? Communication occurs when we intentionally use symbols – words or non- spoken symbols – to create meaning for others (Jandt, 2015). There have been numerous definitions of “communication” since it is one of the most basic perceptions of humans. According to Nguyen Quang (1994), the word “communication” can be simply defined as “the process of sharing meaning through verbal and non-verbal behavior. and Weaver, R (1992:5) identified that “communication is any process in which people share information, ideas and feelings that involve not only the spoken and written words but also body language, personal mannerisms and style, the surrounding and things that add meaning to a message.” According to Jandt (2015), communication has two critical functions:  Communication is the means by which individuals learn appropriate behaviors and the means by which those behaviors are regulated.  Communication is the means by which individuals having one group identity interact with individuals with other group identities and on a more general level the means by which the groups interact with one another as formal groups. What is nonverbal communication? In the study of communication, nonverbal behavior has been observed to possess significant meaning. Nonverbal messages consist of eye contact and gaze, 4 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com facial expression, touching, posture, posture and gesture, proxemics, and nonverbal vocalization (Argyle, 1988; Shulman & Penman, 1981). According to Jandt (2015), messages sent without using words are nonverbal communication. Culture determines nonverbal meanings within a society, or, the same nonverbal signal can mean different things to different people in different cultures. In actuality, nonverbal communication has been defined in various ways by different scholars. The most common definition is that nonverbal communication comprises all behaviors that are not words (cited in Laura & Kory, 2006). However, some scholars define nonverbal communication more narrowly. Burgoon, Buller and Woodall (1996) conceptualized nonverbal communication as subset of nonverbal behavior. Also, Hall (1959) stated that culture itself serves as a means of communication. That is, culturally determined behaviors associated with verbal communication affect that communication. Simply defined, nonverbal communication is the way of expressing meaning or feeling without words. In other words, messages sent without using words are nonverbal communication.

Nội dung được bảo vệ bản quyền — Tải xuống đầy đủ