Nghiên cứu dạy ngữ pháp theo ngữ cảnh cho sinh viên năm nhất không chuyên tiếng Anh tại trường ...

Luận văn thạc sĩ nghiên cứu vnu ulis an investigation into teaching grammar in context for first year non english major, khảo sát thực trạng, phân tích nguyên nhân, đề xuất giải

2012

68
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

30 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

Candidate’s statement

Acknowledgement

Abstract

List of abbreviations

List of tables and figures

Table of contents

I. PART I: INTRODUCTION

I.1. Rationale of the study

I.2. Scope of the study

I.3. Aims of the study

I.4. Significance of the study

I.5. The research questions

I.6. The research hypotheses

I.7. Method of the study

I.8. Design of the study

II. PART II: DEVELOPMENT

1. CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW

1.1. Grammar and grammar teaching

1.1.1. Definitions of grammar

1.1.2. The place of grammar in second and foreign language teaching

1.2. Dimensions of grammar teaching

1.2.1. Levels in grammar teaching

1.3. Approaches to grammar teaching

1.4. Context and context in grammar teaching

1.4.1. Definitions of context

1.4.2. The need for grammar teaching in context

1.4.3. Types of context in grammar teaching

1.5. Related studies on teaching grammar in context

1.6. Summary

2. CHAPTER 2: THE METHODOLOGY

2.1. Design of the study

2.2. Population of the study

2.2.1. Sample of the study

2.2.2. Sample of the students

2.2.3. Sample of the teachers

2.3. Variables of the study

2.3.1. Dependent and independent variables

2.3.2. Controlled and uncontrolled variables

2.4. Instruments of the study

2.4.1. Grammar achievement tests

2.4.2. The aims of the grammar achievement tests

2.4.3. The sources of designing the grammar achievement tests

2.4.4. The description of the grammar achievement tests

2.4.5. The content validity of the tests

2.4.6. The reliability of the tests

2.5. Description of the grammar courses

2.6. The lesson plans

2.7. Procedure of the study

2.8. Administration of grammar achievement tests

2.9. Application of classroom observation method

2.10. Researcher’s attendance at the two classes

2.11. Data collection and analyses

2.12. Summary

3. CHAPTER 3: RESULTS, DISCUSSIONS AND FINDINGS

3.1. Results from the analyses of the grammar achievement tests

3.1.1. The test of the first minor hypothesis

3.1.2. The test of the second minor hypothesis

3.1.3. The test of the third minor hypothesis

3.2. Results from the analyses of the classroom observation

3.2.1. On-task behavior in control group

3.2.2. On-task behavior in experimental group

3.2.3. On-task behavior of the two groups in comparison – The test of the second hypothesis

3.3. Summary

III. PART III: CONCLUSION

III.1. Summary of the study

III.2. Limitation of the study

Appendix 1: English grammar achievement test (pretest)

Appendix 2: English grammar achievement test (posttest)

Appendix 3: Pretest and posttest scores

Appendix 4: Classroom observation sheet

Appendix 5: Data from observation sheets

Appendix 6: Sample lesson plan for experimental group

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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES  NGUYỄN THỊ PHƯƠNG HỒNG AN INVESTIGATION INTO TEACHING GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT FOR FIRST-YEAR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT CHU VAN AN UNIVERSITY (Đề tài: Nghiên cứu việc dạy ngữ pháp theo ngữ cảnh cho đối tượng sinh viên năm thứ nhất không chuyên Tiếng Anh trường ĐH Chu Văn An) MINOR PROGRAM THESIS Field: ENGLISH TEACHING METHODOLOGY Code: 601410 Hanoi, 2012 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES  NGUYỄN THỊ PHƯƠNG HỒNG AN INVESTIGATION INTO TEACHING GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT FOR FIRST-YEAR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS AT CHU VAN AN UNIVERSITY (Đề tài: Nghiên cứu việc dạy ngữ pháp theo ngữ cảnh cho đối tượng sinh viên năm thứ nhất không chuyên Tiếng Anh trường ĐH Chu Văn An) MINOR PROGRAM THESIS Field: ENGLISH TEACHING METHODOLOGY Code: 601410 Supervisor: NGUYỄN THỊ HUYỀN MINH, M.A Hanoi, 2012 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ESL: English as a Second Language EFL: English as a Foreign Language FonF: Focus on Form FonFs: Focus on Forms H1: The first hypothesis H2: The second hypothesis H1.1: The first minor hypothesis H1.2: The second minor hypothesis H1.3: The third minor hypothesis Ho.1: The first minor null hypothesis Ho.2: The second minor null hypothesis Ho.3: The third minor null hypothesis PPP: Presentation – Practice - Production LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com v LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1: Design of the study Table 2: Distribution of the sample Table 3: Distribution of the dependent and independent variables Table 4: Distribution of the grammar achievement tests Table 5: Schedule of grammar course Table 6: Teaching procedures for traditional grammar and in-context grammar class Table 7: The descriptive statistics on pretest scores of control and experimental groups Table 8: The inferential statistics on pretest scores of control and experimental group Table 9: The descriptive statistics on pretest and posttest scores of control and experimental group Table 10: The inferential statistics on pretest and posttest scores of control and experimental group Table 11: The descriptive statistics on posttest scores of control and experimental group Table 12: The inferential statistics on posttest scores of control and experimental group Table 13: Descriptive statistics on students‟ on-task behavior of control group Table 14: Descriptive statistics on students‟ on-task behavior of experimental group Table 15: The descriptive statistics on students‟ on-task behavior of control and experimental group Table 16: The inferential statistics on students‟ on-task behavior of control and experimental group Figure 1: Three dimensions of grammar teaching Figure 2: Students‟ on-task behavior of control group Figure 3: Students‟ on-task behavior of experimental group LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Candidate’s statement ………………………………………………………………. i Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………… ii Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………. iii List of abbreviations …………………………………………………………………. iv List of tables and figures ……………………………………………………………. v Table of contents ……………………………………………………………………. vi PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale of the study ………………………………………………. Scope of the study …………………………………………………. Aims of the study …………………………………………………… 2 4. Significance of the study ……………………………………………. The research questions ……………………………………………… 3 6. The research hypotheses ……………………………………………. Method of the study…………………………………………. Design of the study …………………………………………………. 4 PART II: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Grammar and grammar teaching ……………………………………. Definitions of grammar ……………………………………………. The place of grammar in second and foreign language teaching …… 6 1. Dimensions of grammar teaching …………………………………. Levels in grammar teaching ………………………………………… 10 1. Approaches to grammar teaching …………………………………… 12 1. Context and context in grammar teaching …………………………. Definitions of context ………………………………………………. The need for grammar teaching in context …………………………. Types of context in grammar teaching ……………………………… 19 1. Related studies on teaching grammar in context ………………. Summary …………………………………………………………… 22 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com vii CHAPTER 2: THE METHODOLOGY 2. Design of the study ………………………………………………… 23 2. Population of the study ……………………………………………. Sample of the study ………………………………………………. Sample of the students ………. Sample of the teachers ………………………………………………. Variables of the study ……………………………………………. Dependent and independent variables ………………………………. Controlled and uncontrolled variables ……………………………… 25 2. Instruments of the study …………………………………………. Grammar achievement tests ………………………………………… 25 2. The aims of the grammar achievement tests ………………………. The sources of designing the grammar achievement tests …………. The description of the grammar achievement tests …………………. The content validity of the tests ……………………………………. The reliability of the tests …………………………………………… 27 2. Description of the grammar courses ……………………………… 27 2. The lesson plans ……………………………………………………. Procedure of the study ……………………………………………. Administration of grammar achievement tests ……………………… 29 2. Application of classroom observation method ……………………… 29 2. Researcher‟s attendance at the two classes …………………………. Data collection and analyses ………………………………………. Summary 31 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS, DISCUSSIONS AND FINDINGS 3. Results from the analyses of the grammar achievement tests ………. The test of the first minor hypothesis ………………………………. The test of the second minor hypothesis ……………………………. The test of the third minor hypothesis ……………………………… 34 3. Results from the analyses of the classroom observation ……………. 36 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. On-task behavior in control group …………………………………. On-task behavior in experimental group ……………………………. On-task behavior of the two groups in comparison – The test of the 38 second hypothesis …………………………………………………. Summary …………………………………………………………… 42 PART III: CONCLUSION 1. Summary of the study ………………………. Limitation of the study ………………………………. I Appendix 1: English grammar achievement test (pretest) …………….………… I Appendix 2: English grammar achievement test (posttest)…………….………… IV Appendix 3: Pretest and posttest scores ………………………………….……… VII Appendix 4: Classroom observation sheet ………………………………….…… VIII Appendix 5: Data from observation sheets …………………………………. IX Appendix 6: Sample lesson plan for experimental group …………………. X LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 1 PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale English language is considered as one of the most important languages because it is the language that bridges people all over the world together. That is the reason why such language is introduced to teaching syllabuses of all schools in Vietnam, from primary to tertiary level. At my university, English is taught as a foreign language and it is a compulsory subject for all non-English major students in their first academic year. Like the other four English skills (i., reading, listening, writing and speaking), English grammar holds an inevitable position in our teaching curriculum. However, the teaching of grammar is problematic because most of English teachers at my school still keep their traditional views on grammar and grammar instruction. To be more specific, they hold the belief that grammar is a set of static rules. Accordingly, they teach grammar by focusing on accuracy of form and neglecting its meaningfulness and appropriateness of use. Moreover, the grammar lessons are performed in deductive manner, thus students are provided no opportunities for rule discovery. One more problem is that our students are obsessed by tightly controlled mechanical practice like transformational drills and substitutions. The final problem lies in the fact that EFL teachers at my university do not take the most advantages of the context provided in the course book used for first-year non-major students (New-Headway Elementary and Pre-Intermediate by Liz and John Soars) when teaching grammar section; thus, our students have no or little opportunity to explore and practice grammatical items in real-life situations. These problems result in our bored, disaffected students who can produce correct forms on disconnected sentences, but consistently make errors when trying to use the language in context such as short paragraph writing, dialogue completion, explanation of a grammatical meaning or function, and so on. This stresses the importance of context in ESL/EFL language teaching in general and in English grammar teaching in particular. As Willis (2000:5) puts it, “by learning grammar in context, students learns what native speakers really say (or write), rather than what we would like them to say”. Likewise, Harmer (2007:57) suggests that “students need to get an idea of how the new language is used by native speakers and the best way of doing this is to present language in context”. These factors drive me to an idea of using context to teach grammar for my students in the hope that such teaching model will help make LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 2 grammar instruction both effective and beneficial. The study entitled “An investigation into teaching grammar in context for first-year non-English major students at Chu Van An University” is conducted in that way. Scope of the study The study focuses on the teaching of English grammar for non-English major freshmen at Chu Van An University, thus, its results are not directly applied for those who are in other academic years and those of other universities. In addition, the context employed for teaching grammar in this study is restricted to text, i., spoken and written discourses taken from the course book and from a variety of authentic sources; therefore, other types of context are not used as the input for the study. What is more, the purpose of this study is to examine whether context-based approach takes effect in grammar teaching. Other approaches to grammar instruction are referred as the theoretical background for the study but they are not the focuses. Finally, only four grammatical categories (Tense, Modal, Conditional sentences and Passive voice) which are divided into eight grammatical items (Past simple, Present Perfect, Can, Must, First conditional, Second conditional, Passive voice in present tense and Passive voice in past tense) are taught and tested during the experiment. Other grammatical categories or items lie outside the scope of this study. Aims of the study The study aims at investigating the effect of teaching grammar in context in comparison with the traditional method of grammar instruction for non-English major students at Chu Van An University. More specifically, the study is a randomized experiment which is designed to achieve two following aims: 1. It tests whether in-context teaching of grammar has any effects on students‟ academic achievement in grammar. It examines whether teaching grammar in context can increase students‟ participation in grammar lessons. Significance of the study This study may bring four benefits to both English language teachers and their students as follows: 1. It may help change EFL/ESL teachers‟ views on grammar and grammar instruction in a way that grammar incorporates form, meaning and function; thus, teaching grammar is not LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 3 merely presenting and explaining grammar features but teaching students how to appropriately use structures to express meaning. It may stimulate English language teachers to employ in-context model to teach grammar for their students as an alternative to the traditional method. It may change the classroom atmosphere in grammar lessons in a positive way. Students may no longer find grammar lessons dry and boring. They may be more involved and feel more interested during grammar learning hours. It may improve students‟ critical thinking, especially when they are working with authentic discourses. The research questions As stated in the part of Rationale, grammar teaching for non-major students at Chu Van An University has so many problems. The first problem is that students find it easy to deal with grammar in single sentences but make a lot of grammatical mistakes when working with longer discourses. This results in the second problem, i., the dull classroom atmosphere because students do not participate in the grammar lessons. From these defined problems, two research questions are raised as follows: Q1: What are the effects of in-context grammar teaching on grammar academic achievement of first year non-English major students at Chu Van An University? Q2: What are the effects of in-context grammar teaching on the classroom participation of first year non-English major students at Chu Van An University? 6. The research hypotheses The following hypotheses were derived from the two research questions raised above: H1: Teaching grammar in context has more positive effects on the grammar academic achievement of first year non-English major students at Chu Van An University than teaching grammar in traditional method.

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