THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY DUONG QUANG TRUNG RESEARCH ON EXTRACTION PROCESS AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTS FROM ORANGE ESSENTIAL OIL BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Food Technology Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : 2016 - 2020 Thai Nguyen, 2021 ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Engineer of Food Technology Student name Duong Quang Trung Student ID DTN1654190003 Thesis Title Study on extraction process and development of products from orange essential oil Supervisor(s) Dr. Pham Bang Phuong Supervisor’s signature Abstract: Essential oils are a fairly common product on the market today. Essential oils are widely used in many fields such as food, pharmaceutical, medicine, and some other fields. Currently, there are many methods of extracting essential oils from plants, including the method of glass distillation which is simple, easy to implement, and gives a relatively high yield of essential oils.
Essential oils from the genus Citrus are commonly used because it has a pleasant aroma, has the effect of treating colds, reducing stress, and clearing heat. Orange fruit belongs to the Rutaceae family, but there has been no in-depth research, and at the same time, taking advantage of cheap raw materials to produce essential oils of high economic value. In this topic, there are 5 main contents: introduction, overview, main content, results and discussion, conclusion, and recommendations. With the goal of introducing orange essential oil, the composition, advantages and disadvantages, and applications of orange essential oil, as well as the process diagram of the method of extracting orange essential oil from orange peel by distillation method.
From there, better understand the advantages, characteristics, and applications of steam distillation and develop product lines from orange essential oil. Keywords: Essential oil, Orange, Hydrodistillation, Hand Sanitizer Number of pages: 53 Date of submission: 05/11/2021 i ACKNOWLEDGMENT In fact, there is no success that is not associated with the support or help of more or less, directly or indirectly from others. To complete this thesis, firstly, I would like to express my sincere thanks and deep gratitude to the University Administrators, the leaders of the Faculty of Biotechnology - Food Technology, the lecturers of the Advanced Education Program Office, TUAF helped and gave me useful advice during the course of my thesis. And especially, I would like to sincerely thank Dr.
Pham Bang Phuong paid attention to helping and enthusiastically guiding me to successfully complete this thesis. I would like to express my deep thanks to Institute of life sciences – Thai Nguyen university (Location: Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Quyet Thang commune, Thai Nguyen city, Thai Nguyen province), the staff working in the center paid attention and helped. Due to limited reasoning, practical experience, and limited time, the report cannot avoid shortcomings, I look forward to receiving your comments so that I can learn more and complete the report and achieve the best results. Once again, I would like to sincerely thank you and wish you all the best for your health and success in your noble career.
We wish our university achieved more success in education and more development. Sincerely, Duong Quang Trung ii TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF FIGURES. 1 LIST OF TALBES. The requirement of the research topic.
The scientific and practical significance of the research topic. The origin of orange. Introduction to essential oils. The orange essential oil.
Essential oil extraction methods. Chemicals used for research. Equipment and tools used for research. Scope, place, and time of the research.
The expected extraction process of orange essential oil by Hydrodistillation method 24 3. Experimental set-up method. Research on factors affecting the extraction process of essential oils and perfecting the extraction process. Complete the process of extracting essential oils from Sanh orange peels.
Results of determining the chemical composition of orange essential oil. Research develops and completes some products from orange essential oil. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION. 49 Apendix 1: Some table of data of the research experiments to optimize the conditions in the extraction of essential oils.
49 Apendix 2: Some pictures during the extraction of orange essential oils. 50 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Sanh orange tree. Essential oil distillation equipment .2: Flowchart of the expected orange essential oil extraction process .1: The volume of essential oil obtained at different concentrations of NaCl .2: Graph of the volume of essential oil obtained at different concentrations of NaCl .3: The volume of essential oil obtained at different water/material ratio .4: Graph of the volume of essential oil obtained at different water/material ratio .5: The volume of essential oil obtained at different distillation duration .6: Graph of the volume of essential oil obtained at different distillation duration. Complete orange essential oil extraction process.
Oragne essential oil hand sanitizer. 44 1 LIST OF TALBES Table 2.1: Physical parameters of orange peel essential oil .2: The chemical composition of orange tree .2: Equipments and tools used for research .3: Expected results in the research on optimizing NaCl concentration in soaking water .4: Expected results in research on optimizing the water/material ratio .5: Expected results in the research on optimizing the distillation duration .1: Effect of NaCl concentration in soaking water on the volume of essential oil obtained .2: Effect of water/material ratio on the volume of obtained essential oil. Effect of distillation duration on the volume of essential oil obtained. Results of GC/MS analysis of Ham Yen orange peel essential oil .5: Substances composition in orange essential oil hand sanitizer.
Research rationale In the northern mountainous provinces, orange trees are grown in many localities throughout the provinces of Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, Yen Bai,. Identified as a key fruit tree of a number of provinces, many projects, projects, and programs to develop growing areas, research, and apply technological processes in cultivation to increase yield and quality for orange trees. crockery has been made. However, in recent years, people arbitrarily expanded the area of culturing oranges, overcoming planning barriers has many potential risks.
When the planning is broken, the area is massively replicated, which will lead to the immediate consequences of a sudden increase in output, and the risk of products falling into stagnation, price pressure, unsolvability. Not to mention many spontaneous growers lack experience in orange care and harvesting, leading to poor fruit quality and susceptibility to pests and diseases. Meanwhile, the area of citrus crops such as pomelo and sweet tangerine has grown very strongly, consumers have more choices when buying fruit for food. These causes make the market price of this fruit tree much lower, plus extreme weather, prolonged heavy rain at the time of harvest, which reduces yield due to broken and damaged oranges.
Currently, there are many fruit jam products such as grapes, tangerines, pomelos, strawberries. on the Vietnamese market, but the products from oranges grown in Vietnam are quite a few on the market. We have an abundant source of domestic orange products, but we have not taken full advantage of it. From that situation, it is necessary to research and find solutions to increase the value of oranges by taking advantage of raw materials that are poorly designed and fallen 3 oranges to avoid waste.
Realizing that the orange fruit contains a lot of essential oils in the peel to open up a new consumption direction for this fruit, bringing higher economic efficiency to the people who grow it. On that basis, we propose to carry out the topic: "Research on extraction process and development of products from Orange essential oil". Overall objectives Research on the extraction process of orange essential oil and develop products from orange essential oil. Specific objectives Research on optimizing conditions in the extraction process of essential oils: - Research on optimizing salt concentration in the essential oil extraction process.
- Research on optimizing the ratio of water to raw materials in the process of extracting essential oils. - Research on optimizing the distillation duration of essential oils in the extraction process. Developing and perfecting products prepared from essential oils: Orange essential oil hand sanitizer. The requirement of the research topic - Researching and perfecting the process of extracting and preserving essential oils.
- Analysis of essential oil composition after extraction. - Develop and perfect the product prepared from essential oils. The scientific and practical significance of the research topic 1. The scientific significance of the topic - Research results of the topic will provide new scientific data on: + The influence of factors on the ability to extract the orange essential oil.
+ Build the process of extracting essential oils with the most optimal conditions. The practical significance of the topic - Help students improve their experience and skills in scientific research practice, consolidate theoretical knowledge, apply in practice to improve themselves. - From the research results of the topic, it will contribute a part to the study of the essential oil production process that brings values, health, and economic benefits to the community. The origin of orange Orange has the scientific name Citrus sinesis Osbeck, which belongs to the genus Citrus, family Rutaceae.
Oranges are native to tropical and subtropical Southeast Asia. Oranges are widely grown in warm climates, and the taste can vary from sweet to sour. The scientific name is Citrus nobilis (Reticulata X Sinensis) mainly distributed in Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The main harvest season is August to December.
In Vietnam, oranges are grown all over the country, mainly in the northern provinces of Vietnam such as Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, and Yen Bai. In the South of Vietnam oranges are also grown in Tam Binh (Vinh Long); Cai Be (Tien Giang), O Mon (Can Tho)… Figure 2.1: Sanh orange tree. Introduction to essential oils 2. Definition of essential oils Essential oils are aromatic substances or odorous substances present in certain parts of plants (such as seeds, roots, tubers, bark, flowers, leaves, fruits, oils, resins) or animals (bags of essential oils).
The flora with essential oils is about 3000 species, of which 150-200 species are of industrial significance. Essential oils are found in the above raw materials in very different concentrations, which can vary from parts per million to percent, and essential oils are relatively volatile. Essential oils are widely distributed in nature. The amount of essential oil in the tree depends on climatic and soil conditions.
Plants growing in the tropics have more essential oils than in temperate regions. Even within a plant, the composition and amount of essential oils in different parts are also different. In addition, the amount of essential oil depends on the living environment of the plant, the method of harvesting, preservation, and extraction. Essential oils are distributed concentrated in a number of families such as Apiaceae, Asteraceae (Compositae), Burseraceae, Cupressaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae (Labiatae), Laurenceae, Myrataceae, Pinaceae, Poaceae (Gramineae), Rutaceae, Zingiberaceae,… Essential oils are present in different parts of the plant, such as in flowers(pink, jasmine, orange, lemon,.), in leaves (eucalyptus, mint, basil,.), in the bark (cinnamon), in the roots (ginger, turmeric, incense,.
In plants, essential oils can be available or only formed under certain conditions. At that time, essential oils are not normal parts of the plant but only appear under certain conditions when some parts are dead. Essential oils are the end products of metabolism and cannot be used again for the plant’s vital activity. Classification of essential oils: There are two types of pure essential oils and non- 7 pure essential oils.
Pure essential oils: absolutely no toxins, no chemical preservatives, so it is very safe for users and brings fast results when treated. Non-pure essential oil: an essential oil is mixed from pure essential oil with other chemicals and still retains the aroma of the essential oil. The origin and development of essential oils Essential oils have been known to mankind for a long time, since ancient times people have known and used plants with essential oils in dried form.