1 Bộ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO ĐẠI HỌC KINH TÉ THÀNH PHÓ HÒ CHÍ MINH BẢO CẢO TÔNG KÊT ĐẼ I À1 NGHIÊN Cút KHOA HỌC THAM GIA XÉT GIẢI THƯỞNG “NHÀ NGHIÊN cút TRẺ UEH” NĂM 2024 FACTORS AFFECTING THE INTENTION TO USE THE ELECTRIC RIDE-HAILING SERVICE XANH SM: A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN HO CHI MINH CITY Thuộc nhóm chuyên ngành: 1 TP. Hồ Chí Minh, tháng 02/2024 2 ABSTRACT Air pollution poses a significant threat to human health and the environment, Vietnam being one of the 11 nations with the worst air pollution in the world. With the widespread adoption of green consumption, everyone is embracing sustainable practices. One noteworthy example is Xanh SM - an electronic ride-hailing sendee.
This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the intention to use Xanh SM among university students in Ho Chi Minh City. The research draws on the Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, and the Technology Acceptance Model to explore the impact of environmental awareness, subjective norms, perceived ease of use, effective outcome, promotional benefits, and perceived usefulness on the intention to use electric ride-hailing services. A mixed-method approach will be conducted, including a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the factors driving the intention to use electric ride-hailing services. The findings of this research will contribute to the development of strategies and plans to enhance the intention of using Xanh SM electric ride-hailing services among university students in Ho Chi Minh City.
3 TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT. 2 TABLE OF CONTENT.3 LIST OF TABLES. 5 LIST OF FIGURES.6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. RESEARCH BACKGROUND AND REASONS FOR CHOOSING TOPIC.
Scope of time. Scope of space. INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS INTRODUCTION. Electric ride-hailing service Xanh SM introduction.
Electric ride-hailing service. RELEVANT THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK. Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). The theory of planned behavior (TPB).
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Perceived ease of use. RESEARCH PROCESS DESIGN. In-depth Interviews.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH RESULTS. Survey sampling statistics. DATA ANALYSIS FROM THE QUESTIONS. Cronbach’s Alpha reliability test of the measurement scale.
Independent sample T-TEST. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND LIMITATION. LIMITATION AND FURTHER RESEARCH.
59 Appendix 1 - Transcripts of qualitative study. 59 Appendix 2 - Quantitative questionnaire. 67 Appendix 3 - SPSS analysis result. 70 5 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.
Questionnaire adapted from international studies 32 Table 2. Descriptive statistics results 37 Table 3. Descriptive Statistics Result 41 Table 4. Cronbach Alpha Analysis Result 44 Table 5.
The Independent Samples T-Test 44 Table 6. EFA for independent factors 46 Table 7. Total Variance Explained 46 Table 8. Rotated Component Matrix 48 Table 9.
EFA for dependent factor 50 Table 10. EFA for new factors 51 Table 11. Model Summary 51 Table 12. The ANOVA panel test 52 Table 13.
Tests of Equality of Group Means 57 Table 15. standardized Canonical Discriminant Function 58 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Theoretical research model (TRA) 18 Figure 2. Theory of planned behavior (TPB) 19 Figure 3.
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) 19 Figure 4. Proposed research model 23 Figure 5. Research process design 24 Figure 6. Regression standardlized Residual 54 Figure 7.
Observed Cum Prob 55 Figure 8. Regression standardlized Predicted Value 56 7 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS No. Abbreviations Words 1 17SDGs 17 Sustainable Development Goals 2 ANOVA Analysis of Variance 3 EA Environmental awareness 4 EFA Exploratory Factor Analysis 5 EO Effective outcome 6 GSM Green and Smart Mobility 7 PB Promotional benefits 8 PEU Perceived Ease Of Use 9 PU Perceived Usefulness 10 SN Subjective norms 11 KMO inedx Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index 12 Sig. value Significant value 13 Std.
Deviation Standard Deviation 14 TAM Technology Acceptance Model 15 TAM2 Technology Acceptance Model 2 16 TPB Theory of Planned Behaviour 17 TRA Theory of Reasoned Action 18 UI Using intention 19 UTAƯT2 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 20 VIF Variance inflation factor 21 WHO World Health Organization 8 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. RESEARCH BACKGROUND AND REASONS FOR CHOOSING TOPIC One of the most urgent problems of the industrial and modern era is pollution, particularly the actual state of air pollution in Vietnam and around the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that air pollution causes nearly 7 million deaths globally annually (Mackenzie & Turrentine, 2016). Vietnam is presently one of the 11 nations with the worst air pollution in the world, according to the most recent research on Yale University's Environmental Performance Index (Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, 2023).
Air pollution is intensifying worldwide as a result of both natural and artificial reasons. Natural causes such as volcanic eruptions, forest fires, and dust storms contribute to air pollution, while human-induced causes stem from the combustion of fuel, leading to the emission of pollutants (Pandey, 2016). This issue has been exacerbated by the increasing impact of vehicle-related air pollution (Irfan Ct al. Air pollution in major urban areas of Vietnam is above the established thresholds, primarily due to transportation, which contributes to 60-70% of the pollution.
Ho Chi Minh City currently possesses more gasoline-engine automobiles than Hanoi, with a total of 7. Gasoline-powered vehicles are often considered to be the primary contributors to air pollution caused by transportation-related emissions. Approximately 29% of nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions and 90% of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are generated by the transportation sector. The aforementioned has harmed air pollution, posing a threat to both human health and the ecosystem, specifically leading to acid rain, smog, and depletion of the ozone layer (Đ.
The discussion surrounding climate change mitigation and environmental sustainability is a topic of great dispute in modern economies (Ahmad et al. Renewable energy technology has facilitated advancements in addressing environmental concerns and climate-related challenges (Irfan et al. One compelling rationale for selecting this topic is the recognition of green transport as an 9 effective approach to reducing environmental damage and promoting human well-being (Shang, 2023). Furthermore, the United Nations has adopted the environmental sustainability imperative enshrined in the 17 SDGs to create a better future for all.
Green transport, encompassing innovative solutions like electric vehicles, plays a vital role in contributing to the achievement of these SDGs by reducing emissions, conserving resources, and fostering healthier communities. VinFast has the chance to penetrate this industry and develop an appealing offering for customers who are interested in electric automobiles (Schroder et al. VinGroup's Green and Smart Mobility Joint Stock Company (GSM) has launched the Xanh SM, an electric ride-hailing service equipped with advanced and innovative technologies. Technology ride-hailing service is defined as platforms that connect passengers with drivers through a mobile app, allowing users to request rides and track their journey (Kang Ct al.
Xanh SM is a new participant in this market, it had to overcome numerous obstacles from "well-known" brands in the technology vehicle sector like Grab, Be, or Gojek. Although it has just entered the market, it has had over 6 million downloads after only 5 months of launch. Therefore this is an interesting point to have a deeper research. These factors led researchers to choose the topic of ’’Factors Affecting The Intention To Use The Electric Ride-Hailing Xanh SM: A Case Study Of University Students In Ho Chi Minh City”.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES RO1: Investigate factors that influence university students in Ho Chi Minh City's intention to use Xanh SM electric ride-hailing services. RO2: Identifying the most influential factor in university students* intention to use Xanh SM electric ride-hailing services in Ho Chi Minh City. RO3: Propose recommendations to enhance the intention of using Xanh SM electric ride-hailing services of university students in Ho Chi Minh city. RESEARCH QUESTIONS RỌI: What factors influence the intention to use Xanh SM electric ride-hailing services among university students in Ho Chi Minh City? RỌ2: How do these factors impact the using intention of Xanh SM electric ride-hailing services among university students in Ho Chi Minh City? RỌ3: What should Xanh SM do in order to attract more students to use and increase consumers' usage in Ho Chi Minh city? 1.
Scope of time The research will be conducted from November 2023 to February 2024. Scope of space This study will focus on university students in Ho Chi Minh City, exploring the factors that impact their intention to use Xanh SM electric ride-hailing service. Research methodology This scientific study is divided into 2 stages: preliminary qualitative research and formal quantitative research. The combination of these 2 methods can help provide better insights.
The qualitative method can provide a deeper understanding of students' views and attitudes towards Xanh SM services. Insightful conversations from focus group interviews can provide valuable information about the importance and influence of cultural and social factors. Moreover, this method also helps to discover new and difficult-to-measure factors, especially factors that are difficult to measure with data. Through the information collected after this step, the research team can select appropriate factors to include in the quantitative research form.
Quantitative research will help specifically measure the influence of factors, and through quantitative methods to support 11 regression analysis, help determine the strength and direction of the relationship between variables, which is something that qualitative research cannot do. Qualitative research method Adjust and complete the research model to build a questionnaire about the factors affecting the intention to use electric ride-hailing services from Xanh SM. The research was conducted via interviews with 3 groups of 6 university students and 1 in-depth interview. Quantitative research method The research group employed sampling methods to gather primary data for surveys, which were then analyzed using EXCEL 2019 and SPSS 25.
The study explored descriptive statistics techniques, including the creation of statistical tables and graphs. Additionally, it delved into statistical analysis methods like reliability testing (including Cronbach’s Alpha), EFA, Independent sample T-TEST, discriminant analysis, and regression analysis. RESEARCH GAP While considerable research has explored customers’ intention of using ride-hailing or e-vchicles, there are still research gaps, particularly related to the intention of using electric ride-hailing services. Therefore, this research will be one of the few works investigated in this field and is specialized in Xanh SM, an electric ride-hailing service brand in Vietnam.
Besides, we have added one more variable which is Effective Outcome. This variable can help reflect the customers’ beliefs and help to identify whether Xanh SM’s commitments hold an important role. Moreover, there is less research that combines qualitative and quantitative methods, hence our study incorporates both approaches. The research can offer more profound insights into customers’ attitudes, beliefs, and decision-making processes when choosing Xanh SM over other conventional ride-hailing.
INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS INTRODUCTION 2. Industry introduction Joia and Altieri (2018) define "ride-hailing” as a phrase that refers to the use of mobile applications to facilitate interactions between riders and drivers for transportation services, specifically through internet-enabled mobile devices or smartphones. The door-to-door service has gained popularity due to the extensive utilization of cell phones equipped with continually evolving technologies. According to Busincsswirc (2021), the worldwide ride-hailing business is expected to increase significantly from $42 billion in 2020 to over $108 billion by 2025.
Over the course of the last 5 years, ride-hailing services in the Southeast Asian (ASEAN) region have had a fivefold increase in their overall turnover, amounting to $13 billion in 2019. It is projected that this figure will exceed $40 billion by 2025 (Hoppe & Baijal, 2019). These services are the second-best performing industry in the ASEAN region’s internet economy. In Vietnam, ride-hailing services, such as those based on motorcycles and cars, made their debut in late 2014, in 5 major Vietnamese cities with the launch of Grab.
Grab was able to transform the Vietnamese transportation system because of its affordability and ease of use (Grab, 2017). Following the triumph of Grab, several ride-hailing companies like Gojek, FastGo, and Be have entered the Vietnamese market (Nguyen-Phuoc et al. Consequently, there has been a significant surge in the quantity of ride-hailing vehicles.