International Logistics Second Edition This Page Intentionally Left Blank International Logistics Second Edition Donald F. Wood San Francisco State University Anthony P. Barone Independent Consultant Paul R. Murphy John Carroll University Daniel L. Wardlow San Francisco State University American Management Association New York • Atlanta • Brussels • Buenos Aires • Chicago • London • Mexico City San Francisco • Shanghai • Tokyo • Toronto • Washington, D. Special discounts on bulk quantities of AMACOM books are available to corporations, professional associations, and other organizations. For details, contact Special Sales Department, AMACOM, a division of American Management Association, 1601 Broadway, New York, NY 10019. Web site: www.org This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional service. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International logistics / Donald F. Includes bibliographical references and index. Physical distribution of goods—Management.7—dc21 2002004267 © 2002 AMACOM, a division of American Management Association All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of AMACOM, a division of American Management Association, 1601 Broadway, New York, NY 10019. Printing number 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Preface xi Preface to the First Edition xiii 1 Overview 1 International Logistics for the Firm 5 Outline for This Book 8 Summary 10 End-of-Chapter Questions 10 Case: WWE: Emergency Response to Terrorism 10 2 Governments’ Interest and Involvement in International Logistics 14 Introduction 14 Economic Importance 14 National Defense Concerns 16 Export Controls on Strategic Materials 21 Boycotts and Antiboycotts 23 Controls on Imports 25 Government Support for Its International Carriers 25 Port State Control and Flags of Convenience 30 Controls on International Aviation 32 Labor Unions 35 Environmental Issues 36 Multigovernment Programs 38 Summary 39 End-of-Chapter Questions 40 Case: Port of Short Beach 40 vi / Contents 3 Logistics in Different Parts of the World 47 Introduction 47 Getting Started 48 Understanding Cultural Differences 50 The Cultural Environment: Beliefs, Values, Customs 51 Managing Differences with U. Cultural Values 52 Language Differences 54 Logistical Development in Different Nations 55 The First World: An Evolved Logistics Infrastructure 56 The Emerging Nations 61 The Third World 65 Trade Blocs 75 Summary 83 End-of-Chapter Questions 83 Case: Minex Phosphates 85 4 Ocean Ships and Shipping 89 Introduction 89 Cargo Types 90 Vessels and Vessel Characteristics 95 Vessel Types 98 Vessel Ownership by Nation 110 Shipbuilding 110 Summary 111 End-of-Chapter Questions 112 Case: Macao Wastebaskets 112 5 Chartering Bulk Ocean Carriers 115 Introduction 115 Patterns of the World’s Bulk Shipping 118 The Supply of Shipping 126 Types of Charter Arrangements 128 The Charter Agreement 132 Summary 136 End-of-Chapter Questions 137 Case: Coals to Newcastle 137 6 The Ocean Liner Contract System 140 Introduction 140 Ocean Liner Conferences 141 Relationships Among Conference Members 143 Conferences and Competition 146 Conference Relationship with Shippers 148 Conference Relationship with Governments 149 Publishing Rates 153 Service Contracts 162 Contents / vii Summary 163 End-of-Chapter Questions 164 Case: Gitomer Container Leasing Company 164 7 International Air Transportation 168 Introduction 168 Development of Aviation 169 World War II 172 Commercial Jet Airliners 173 The Emery-SRI Report 174 Wide-Bodied Jets 176 Air Cargo Containers 179 The Airline Industry 179 Rate Making and Rates 188 Air Cargo Documentation and Insurance 193 Air Cargo Growth 194 Summary 196 End-of-Chapter Questions 196 Case: Burt & Gert’s Forwarding Co. 197 8 Surface Transport to and from Ports, and to and from Canada and Mexico 200 Introduction 200 Movements to and from Ports 201 Intermodalism 203 Land Transportation to and from Canada and Mexico 216 Summary 222 End-of-Chapter Questions 222 Case: Kokomo Diesels 223 9 Seaports, Airports, Canals, and Tunnels 225 Introduction 225 Seaports 225 Airports 235 Canals, Tunnels, and Bridges 240 Summary 243 End-of-Chapter Questions 243 Case: Paula’s Food Products 244 10 International Logistics Functions and Intermediaries 246 Introduction 246 Outbound Logistics Functions 248 Inbound Logistics Functions 252 Overall Logistics Activities 255 Logistics Intermediaries 265 Summary 270 viii / Contents End-of-Chapter Questions 271 Case: Betty’s Brownies 272 11 Terms of Sale and Payment 274 Introduction 274 Terms of Sale 274 Selling Terms 278 Terms of Payment 287 Summary 305 End-of-Chapter Questions 306 Case: Van Bemmel Steamship Company 306 12 Documentation and Insurance 309 Introduction 309 Documentation 311 Cargo Insurance 325 Hull Insurance 333 Air Cargo Insurance 335 Land Transport 336 Settlement of Insurance Claims 336 Summary 338 End-of-Chapter Questions 338 Case: The Great Bite Peach Company 339 13 Logistics of Export Product Movement 342 Introduction 342 International Transaction Channel Activities and Their Influence on the Movement of Goods through the Distribution Channel 343 The International Distribution Channel 345 Hazardous Materials Transportation 359 Friction or Fraud in the Distribution Channel? 362 Summary 363 End-of-Chapter Questions 364 Case: Manwell Toy Importers 364 14 International Sourcing 367 Introduction 367 Why Source Globally? 368 Designing a Global Sourcing System 372 Global Sourcing and Procurement 373 Monitoring and Improving 382 Issues in Importing and Exporting 383 Summary 386 End-of-Chapter Questions 387 Case: Barbara’s Blouses 387 Contents / ix 15 Logistics of Famine Relief 389 Introduction 389 Famine Relief Logistics 389 Command and Control 392 Demand Forecasting 393 Sourcing 395 Packaging 395 Managing Inventories 396 Site (or Route) Selection 397 Warehousing and Storage 398 Transport 399 Documentation 402 Parts and Service Support 403 “Customer” Service 404 Summary 404 End-of-Chapter Questions 404 Case: Famine Relief in East Africa 405 16 The Role of Logistics in International Supply Chain Management 412 Introduction 412 The Global Business Climate and International Logistics and Supply Chain Management 413 Two Strategic Approaches for Global Supply Chain Management 416 The Coordinating Role of International Logistics in Supply Chain Management 419 Managing Successful Global Supply Chain Collaboration 423 Summary 426 End-of-Chapter Questions 426 Case: Fedco Fasteners 426 17 Future Issues in International Logistics 429 Introduction 429 Increased Use of World-Class Logistics Practices 429 Multi-Country Trade Alliances 430 One-Stop Shopping Concept 430 Amodalism 431 Environmental Concerns 431 Space Transport and Exploration 432 The Internet 432 Summary 433 End-of-Chapter Questions 433 Case: Global Trust Company 434 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Preface In preparing this second edition, we toyed briefly with changing its title. The change we considered was to use supply chain in place of logistics. We chose not to, mainly because supply chains are umbrellas that cover much more than logistics. We believe that logistics is that part of the supply chain responsible for the physical movement of materials and, sometimes, people. A number of people and organizations helped us, and their assistance should be recognized. They include: Robert L. Argentieri, Eunice Coleman, Patricia J. Daugherty, Robert Derbin, Efstahios Efstathiou, Robert Hannus, Gary Hunter, Arne Jensen, Gothenburg University, Ken Knox, Brian Law, California Maritime Academy, Douglas Long, Eugene Magad, Nathan Muhlethaler, Dale S. Rogers, Robert Rouse, John Silvey, and Clyde Kenneth Walter. This book is intended for use in both the business world and in classrooms. A separate Instructor’s Manual is available from the publisher and may be re- quested on school letterhead. This Page Intentionally Left Blank Preface to the First Edition Both academia and the real world are showing a vastly increased interest in international logistics. Although this book covers the entire topic, it may not con- tain sufficient detail to answer all questions. The topic—and the challenge—is much larger than any single book can cover! A number of people helped us, and their assistance should be recognized. They include Robert L. Argentieri, Eunice Coleman, Patricia J. Daugherty, Robert Derbin, Robert Hannus, Ken Knox, Douglas Long, Eugene L. Rogers, Robert Rouse, John Silvey, and Clyde Kenneth Walter. This book is designed for both the business world and the classroom. A sep- arate Instructor’s Manual has been prepared and may be requested on school letterhead. This Page Intentionally Left Blank 1 Overview Introduction This book is about international logistics and the role of international logistics systems in global supply chain management. International means that it will deal with transactions involving individuals or firms in more than one nation. Logis- tics means the organized movement of goods, services, and, sometimes, people. Logistics was originally a military term encompassing the processes to supply combat and troop support. In trade, logistics handles the physical movement of products between one or more participants in the supply chain. When we speak of international logistics systems, we mean the complex web of carriers, for- warders, bankers, information and communication companies, traders, and so on that facilitate international transactions, trades, and movements of goods and ser- vices. Global supply chain management refers to the complex integration of processes necessary to manage materials from their point of origin through man- ufacturing and shipment to the final consumer (or beyond, in the case of recycling). While the book deals mainly with the flow of goods, it also mentions move- ments of people. They are important for several reasons. In the case of airlines, the movement of people often dictates the movement of aircraft that happen to have space for carrying cargo as well. Business travel is important. We also see movements of people across borders in search of better employment opportuni- ties. Also, while we usually think in terms of moving goods to people, people also move toward goods. In towns along peaceful borders anywhere in the world, large numbers of daytime visitors cross into neighboring nations in search of bar- gains unavailable at home. Murphy, and Daniel L. Wardlow Many factors influence the flow of goods and people between nations. Politi- cal situations are very important. Trade between the U. and Iraq has been lim- ited to humanitarian relief supplies since the Persian Gulf War of 1990 because the U. currently embargoes trade with the Iraqi political regime now in power in Baghdad. We now see rapidly evolving consumer economies in Russia and China, and these will have many impacts on trade and travel volumes and pat- terns. Friendly nations negotiate treaties to increase the flow of commerce be- tween them. Examples of such comprehensive trade treaties include the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the trade union of the European Community. On the other hand, wars, boycotts, and terrorism have a dampening effect. Consider the 10 percent decline in gross domestic product (GDP) in Is- rael and the 40 percent decline in Palestinian GDP due to unrest in 2000 and 2001. Consumer confidence was shaken and a mild recession intensified in the United States by the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Penta- gon in 2001. The tragic events of September 11, 2001, are still too close to us to be fully evaluated, or even understood. The principal target of the terrorists, the World Trade Center in New York City was, among other things, a symbol of the ever increasing importance of world commerce. (What is believed to be the same group of terrorists exploded a bomb in the structure a few years ago.) At the risk of appearing to ignore the senseless loss of several thousand innocent people, we should point out the tragedy also has impacted upon international logistics. On the morning of September 11, 2001, the Port of New York and New Jer- sey, one of the world’s busiest ports, shut down. In the port area long lines of truckers, either hauling containers to docks or on their way to pick up loaded containers, stood motionless. These lines of trucks stretched for miles, blocking streets and snarling traffic. In the same day the nation’s airlines were grounded and incoming international flights were diverted to Canada. Planes destined for the United States were held in Paris, London, and Tokyo.
Logistics và Vận Tải Quốc Tế: Khám Phá Các Chức Năng và Vai Trò
Chuyên khảo phân tích Logistics và vận tải quốc tế, đánh giá các khía cạnh quan trọng, đề xuất hướng nghiên cứu tiếp theo., phục vụ nghiên cứu và ứng dụng thực tiễn
Trường đại học
San Francisco State UniversityChuyên ngành
LogisticsNgười đăng
Ẩn danhThể loại
thesisPhí lưu trữ
75 PointMục lục chi tiết
THÔNG TIN CHI TIẾT
Tác giả: Donald F. Wood
Trường học: San Francisco State University
Chuyên ngành: Logistics
Đề tài: Logistics và Vận Tải Quốc Tế: Tối Ưu Hóa Quá Trình Vận Chuyển
Loại tài liệu: thesis
Năm xuất bản: 2002
Địa điểm: New York
Tài liệu "Logistics và Vận Tải Quốc Tế: Tối Ưu Hóa Quá Trình Vận Chuyển" cung cấp cái nhìn sâu sắc về các chiến lược và phương pháp tối ưu hóa trong lĩnh vực logistics và vận tải quốc tế. Nội dung chính của tài liệu nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc cải thiện quy trình vận chuyển, từ đó giúp giảm chi phí và nâng cao hiệu quả hoạt động. Độc giả sẽ tìm thấy những lợi ích thiết thực như cách thức áp dụng công nghệ mới, quản lý chuỗi cung ứng hiệu quả và các yếu tố quyết định đến sự thành công trong lĩnh vực này.
Để mở rộng kiến thức của bạn về logistics và vận tải, bạn có thể tham khảo thêm tài liệu Hoạt động logistics của các doanh nghiệp việt nam trong điều kiện hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế, nơi cung cấp cái nhìn tổng quan về sự phát triển của logistics tại Việt Nam. Bên cạnh đó, tài liệu Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến quyết định lựa chọn nhà cung cấp dịch vụ logistics tại bình dương sẽ giúp bạn hiểu rõ hơn về các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến việc lựa chọn nhà cung cấp trong ngành logistics. Cuối cùng, tài liệu Phát triển hoạt động kinh doanh dịch vụ logistics cho các doanh nghiệp giao nhận vận tải việt nam trên thị trường miền nam việt nam sẽ mang đến những thách thức và cơ hội trong việc phát triển dịch vụ logistics tại miền Nam Việt Nam. Những tài liệu này sẽ giúp bạn có cái nhìn sâu sắc hơn và mở rộng kiến thức trong lĩnh vực logistics và vận tải quốc tế.
Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu
Nội dung được bảo vệ bản quyền — Tải xuống đầy đủ