VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES _____________ Nguyễn Phú Đại DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY NON – ENGLISH MAJORS IN LEARNING IELTS WRITING AT A UNIVERSITY IN HO CHI MINH CITY MA THESIS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE HO CHI MINH CITY , 2021 HO CHI MINH, 2O21 VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES _____________ Nguyễn Phú Đại DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY NON – ENGLISH MAJORS IN LEARNING IELTS WRITING AT A UNIVERSITY IN HO CHI MINH CITY Field: English Language Code: 8220201 Supervisor: Nguyễn Nhân Ái, Ph. HO CHI MINH CITY, 2021 DECLARATION BY AUTHOR I, the undersigned, hereby certify that the thesis entitled “Difficulties encountered by non – English majors in learning IELTS writing” is the result of my own research for the Degree of Master of Arts in English Language. The thesis has not been applied for any other degree, in whole or in part, to any other universities or institutions. Except where reference has been made in the text, this thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person.
The study reported in this thesis was approved by Graduate Academy of Social Sciences. Author’s Signature Nguyễn Phú Đại Approved by SUPERVISOR Nguyễn Nhân Ái, Ph. Date:…………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Although only one name appears as the author of this work, writing a thesis is indeed a collaborative effort. I would like to express my sincere thanks to the many people who made it possible.
First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and deep appreciation to Ms. Nguyễn Nhân Ái, Ph. D, my supervisor, for her helpful and warm encouragement as well as her insightful comments on my work from the beginning to the end of the study. Next, without the cooperation of the respondents (students at Ton Duc Thang University) who have been willing to take part in this research, this study would not have been able to be completed.
I am very grateful to all of them for providing detailed information for the analysis of the study. In addition, I would like to thank all of the lecturers who gave me interesting lessons, dedication and advice during my study at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences. I'd like to express my gratitude to my colleagues and friends, whose motivation and support have enabled me to complete this study. Last but not least, I must express my gratitude to my family.
It is their endless love and expectations that have motivated me to complete this thesis. I am immensely thankful for all the assistance they have given me. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION BY AUTHOR. vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
vii LIST OF TABLES. viii LIST OF FIGURES. ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. Aim(s) of the Study.
Scope of the study. Significance of the Study. Structure of study. 6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.
The IELTS Test Battery and the Writing Sub-test. The Writing and Academic writing skill Defined. Think aloud writing. Writing and academic writing difficulties.
Factors influencing non-English-major student’s writing skills. Problem with vocabulary. Problem with grammar. Problem with spelling and punctuation.
Factors influencing non- English major students’ writing skill. Error analysis of learners’ writing. Overview of research methodology. Data Collection Instruments and Procedure.
35 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS. Data Analysis from Questionnaires. Part one: Background information. Part two: Students’ writing proficiency and writing difficulties.
Part three: Academic writing. Part four: Students’ difficulites in learning IELTS writing. Data Analysis from Interviews. Limitations and suggestions for further studies.
IX v ABSTRACT This study aims at investigating the difficulties of non-English majors in IELTS writing. The participants in the study are 30 students selected in 2 IELTS class of Ton Duc Thang University. To achieve the research aims, a mixed methodology was employed, whereby data was collected through the Students’ Questionnaire, and semi-structured Interview. The results obtained from the Students’ Questionnaire revealed that the majority of students encountered difficulties in vocabulary, grammar and academic style in writing.
To be specific in IELTS, they have problems in choosing information and interpreting information of the graph in task 1. On the other hand, they also meet obstacle in 2 types of task 2 which are Problem - Solution and Cause – Effect. In addition, those difficulties in IELTS writing task share the same issues in Coherence and cohension and time-pressure problems.Based on these findings, teachers are advised to take into account students’ writing problems, and the elaboration of more writing sessions are among the pedagogical implications. Key words: IELTS writing, IELTS writing difficulties, academic writing vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS IELTS: International English Language Testing System TDTU: Ton Duc Thang University SMS: Short Message Service NSW: New South Wales vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1.
Band score of countries in Asia. 2 Table 2: Format of the IELTS Writing Sub-test. 37 Table 4 Students’ English level. The level of writing proficiency.
Following the writing instructions in other modules. Writing outside the classroom. The integration of reading in writing session. The importance of reading in improving writing.
The degree of reading. The type of English students use when using internet or SMS. Students’ justifications to the type of English they use. Students’ justifications about the effect of internet and SMS on their English writing.
Common errors of Students in learning IELTS writing. Students’ difficulties in learning IELTS writing task 1. The most difficult types of IELTS writing task 2. Students’ difficulties in learning IELTS writing task 2.
Students’ expectation to overcome difficulties in task 1. Students’ expectation to overcome difficulties in task 2. 57 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. The scheme of the conceptual theoretical framework (Bahri & Sugeng, 2010).
Aspects of difficulties in learning writing. The strategies used in learning writing. The degree of English use via Internet and SMS. 42 ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.
Rationale Writing has largely drawn researchers' interest as being a vital ability that allows to understand any language and for which further education would be largely unlikely (Shangarfan, & Mamipour 2011). As it seems to most people, the writing process is a daunting one to bear; it takes a lot of time and demands excessive attention. Moreover, the skill of writing is significant for EFL learners in particular, for it is a major factor for a successful academic performance in educational contexts. However, learning to write and succeeding at it is usually problematic.
For most of students often encounter several difficulties in writing, and they consider it as a challenging task to carry as a result of various instructions they need to respect. Over the decades, the number of English learners wanting to study at the higher level in countries using English has upward trend. Consequently, many learners from non-english speaking countries are trained to take part in English language tests such as the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) widely recognised as a language requirement for those who want to study or work where English is used as the primary language. IELTS is one of the most widely used and trusted English ability examination, as well as an international standardised assessment of English language proficiency for non-native English speakers that is recognised by the majority of academic institutions and educational organizations around the world.
Nevertheless, due to the challenges they face in preparing for the test, not everyone who takes the training courses will be able to achieve adequate proficiency in IELTS. Vietnamese non – English majors are absolutely the case. 1 The following table shows the extent to which the Writing skill band score of Vietnam candidates is lower than the other three skills and also other countries in 2020. Listening Reading Writing Speaking OVERALL Vietnam 6.org/research/test-taker-performance) Table 1.
Band score of countries in Asia Looking at the statistics above, speaking is probably the area where there has been the least improvement over the year. Though writing band score is not the lowest, it still implies that non – English major learners may meet more difficulties in learning IELTS Writing compared to learning other skills. Comparing results against other countries in the region such as Taiwan, Phillippines, Hongkong, and Malaysia, it is noticeable that Vietnamese candidates’ scores in writing are generally lower than those countries. This is to explain that it is of great necessity to find out what difficulties non – English major learners face when learning IELTS writing skills, which more or less resulted in their unsatisfactory band score.
Among the four macro language skills of English assessed by IELTS, writing is without doubt the most problematic to the researcher who has spent four years as an undergraduate learning for IELTS and is currently teaching IELTS at a university. This problem of the reseacher is also shared by the vast majority of his learners. It is not uncommon that when asked what the most 2 difficult language skill in IELTS is, almost all of his students claim that it is the writing skill that causes them the most trouble. All of these reasons stated have become the motivations that simulate the researcher to conduct “Difficulties encountered by non – English majors in learning IELTS writing”.
Aim(s) of the Study As an aforementioned introduction, I carry out this research to determine the challenges encountered by non - English major learners in IELTS Writing; the concentration is on the difficulties that they have to face in IETLS writing and how they can improve writing skills, and what they should do to overcome their difficulties. Since they are expected to write reports and articles, graduate students are believed to have a strong command of the English language. Furthermore, they are expected to lecture, do research, and publish books and articles after graduation. Nonetheless, experience has shown the bitter fact that most students are poor at writing and this seriously limits them when they are assigned to write papers or do research.
Thus, the main objectives of this study are: - finding the respondants’ writing problems - detecting types and frequency of writing problems - seeking suggestions and beliefs regarding where the writing problems lie and how they can be rectified - determining whether students have more strengths or weaknesses in IELTS writing graphs or essays. Research questions In this study, the researcher made attempts to seek answers to the 2 following questions: 3 1. What are the difficulties faced by the non – English majors learners in IETLS writing? 2. How can students minimise those in learning IELTS? 1.
Scope of the study Within the limitation of the scope of this study, it is not my ambition to cover all of the aspects of IELTS writing skills. Therefore, non – English majors learners’ difficulties and how to overcome those difficulties are concentrated. It is conducted in IELTS writing classes A1 and A2 of SDTC Center in Ton Duc Thang University There is a variaty of difficulties that learners face when learning IELTS writing; however, due to the limitation of time and scope of the study, this paper aims to explore the most common difficulties of IELTS writing tasks. The study conducts an insightful analysis of those difficulties to find out the causes and to identify suitable solutions to help learners deal with those difficulties.
The results of this study are expected to: 1. Find out difficulties perceived by non – English majors learners in IELTS writing. Minimise the difficulties perceived by non – English majors in IELTS. Significance of the Study The investigation on difficulties faced by non-majors in IELTS writing and other well-established IELTS writing test contexts has not yet been undertaken.
Studies have scratched the surface of the difficulties on IELTS writing faced by non-majors.