-1- VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES VŨ PHƯƠNG THẢO IMPROVING LEARNING ENGLISH VOCABULARY THROUGH GAMES: AN ACTION RESEARCH NÂNG CAO VIỆC HỌC TỪ VỰNG TIẾNG ANH THÔNG QUA CÁC TRÒ CHƠI NGÔN NGỮ: NGHIÊN CỨU HÀNH ĐỘNG M.A THESIS FIELD: METHODOLOGY CODE: 60 14 10 HANOI – 2011 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com -2- VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES VŨ PHƯƠNG THẢO IMPROVING LEARNING ENGLISH VOCABULARY THROUGH GAMES: AN ACTION RESEARCH NÂNG CAO VIỆC HỌC TỪ VỰNG TIẾNG ANH THÔNG QUA CÁC TRÒ CHƠI NGÔN NGỮ: NGHIÊN CỨU HÀNH ĐỘNG M.A THESIS FIELD: METHODOLOGY CODE: 60 14 10 SUPERVISOR: PHẠM MINH TÂM, M.Ed HANOI – 2011 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com -6- TABLE OF CONTENTS CANDIDATE‟S STATEMENT. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iv LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND ABBREVIATIONS………………………………. vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.1 Rationale for the Study and Research Problem Statement …………………….2 Research Aims and Research Questions………………………………………………… 2 1.3 Scope of the Study.4 Methodology of the Study.5 Design of the Study.
2 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW………….1 Overview of Vocabulary Teaching …………….1 The Definitions of Vocabulary.2 Principles in Vocabulary Teaching.3 Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary.1 Techniques for Presenting New Vocabulary ……………………………….2 Techniques for Consolidating and Checking Vocabulary……………………… 8 2.2 Overview of Language Games.1 The Definitions of Language Games. 9 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.2 Types of Language Games.3 Perspectives on Exploiting Games in ELT…….4 Reasons to Use Games in EFL Classroom …………………….3 Relationship between Games and Language Teaching ………………………….4 Common Games in Teaching Vocabulary…………………………………………….1 Pre-test and Post test…………………….1 Vocabulary Games for Checking ………………………………………….2 Vocabulary Games for Practice …………………………………………… 26 3.3 Vocabulary Games for Revision or Warm-up …………….6 Data Collection Procedure .7 Data Analysis Procedure .1 Data from pre-test and post test …………………….2 Data from questionnaire ……………………………………………………. 28 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com -8- CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.1 Summary of the study………………………………………………………………… 42 5.3 Suggestions for further studies ………………………………………………. Appendix 1: Games exploited for teaching vocabulary ……….
I Appendix 2: Pre-tests and post-tests………………………………………………………… IV Appendix 3: Questionnaires………………………………………………………………… VII TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com -9- LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1: Major Aspects of Vocabulary 5 Table 2: Common games in teaching vocabulary 20 Table 3: The vocabulary teaching plan 28 Table 4: The test schedule 30 Table 5: Improvement in Hai‟s vocabulary 33 Table 6: Improvement in Quynh‟s vocabulary 34 Table 7: Improvement in Chi‟s learning vocabulary 34 Table 8: Improvement in Trang‟s vocabulary 34 Table 9: Improvement in Huy‟s vocabulary 35 Table 10: Improvement in Trung‟s vocabulary 35 Table 11: Improvement in Long‟s vocabulary 36 Table 12: Improvement in Hoang Anh‟s vocabulary 36 Table 13: Improvement in Thai‟s vocabulary 36 Table 14: Improvement in Linh‟s vocabulary 37 Table 15: Percentage of improvement 37 Table 16: Data collected from questions 4 and 5 of the questionnaire 38 Table 17: Data collected from questions 1, 2, 3 and 6 of the questionnaire 39 Figure 1: The students‟ attitudes towards language games 40 Figure 2: Students‟ participation in language games 41 Figure 3: The essential features of using language games 42 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com - 10 - ABBREVIATIONS ELT: English Language Teaching EFL: English Foreign Language Ts: Teachers Ss: Students bb: blackboard T: Test WB: workbook TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com - 11 - CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale for the Study and Research Problem Statement In learning a foreign language, vocabulary plays an important role. It is one element that links the four skills of speaking, listening, reading and writing all together. In order to communicate well in foreign language, students should acquire an adequate number of words and should know how to use them accurately. Vocabulary is, obviously, vital for successful communication.
As a teacher of English, I recognize that, although the issue of vocabulary teaching and learning is currently receiving attention of teachers and learners at our school, it is still far from how vocabulary items can best be taught and learnt. A vast amount of teaching time in a vocabulary lesson is used by explanation, definition, students compile page upon page of word lists that they rarely have opportunity to practice. Obviously, vocabulary arises in the classroom regardless of the chosen activity, and in spite of any conscious design on the teacher‟s part. As the result, students only think of vocabulary learning as knowing the primary meaning of new words.
In addition, the students‟ ability to use English for communication is still limited, especially for secondary students. They can have a fairly good knowledge of grammar but hardly express themselves properly because of shortage of vocabulary and communicative competence. That is why, for most students, learning vocabulary in language lesson is a time of failure and disappointment in which they gradually feel boring and gradual rejection of the work that the teacher is doing for them. Motivated by the idea of finding stimulating activities to help students to learn vocabulary, with the goal to create a context for vocabulary acquisition in the TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com - 12 - classroom, the writer has chosen that games may be of some help for learning and teaching English vocabulary.
All the above-mentioned reasons have inspired the writer to conduct an action research titled “Improving learning English vocabulary through games”.2 Research Aims and Research Questions The study is aimed to reach the specific data on the improvement in participants‟ vocabulary, to find out students‟ attitude towards language games and provide some criteria to choose relevant games for this purpose. So as to achieve these, the research seeks answers to the following questions: 1. To what extent does the use of games in teaching vocabulary improve the students‟ learning vocabulary? 2. What are the students‟ attitudes towards the language games? 3.
What are the essential features of using language games that can help improve the students‟ vocabulary as perceived by the students? 1.3 Scope of the Study The research will only focus on limited target population and a certain aspect of vocabulary. In terms of vocabulary, the study focuses on student‟s knowledge of the meanings, forms and usage of the words. In terms of target population, the subjects are 10 non-English majors studying the book Pacesetter at level Elementary, published by Oxford University Press (2000) at Sunrise school.4 Methodology of the Study TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com - 13 - To answer these above questions, action research was conducted with a number of pre-tests and post-tests to solve the first main question. Each test was taken by the participants for four or five days before the beginning of the unit and after finishing the unit to see the differences.
Furthermore, a questionnaire was also used to get the participants‟ attitudes towards the language games and the answer of the last question - the essential features of using language games that can help improve the students‟ vocabulary as perceived by the students.5 Design of the Study The thesis is divided into five main chapters: Chapter 1 introduces the rationale, the aims, the scope, the methodology and the design of the study. Chapter 2 provides the background of the study, including the definitions and features of some terms such as vocabulary, principles of teaching vocabulary and types of language games. Chapter 3 demonstrates the research methods applied in the study with details on how and why these methods were implemented in the research. Besides, this chapter presents the data collected from pretests and post tests as well as from the questionnaire.
Chapter 4 demonstrates the results and discussion of the study, which answer the three research questions and then suggests the implication of the results in reality. Chapter 5 summarizes the main issues covered in the paper. It presents the limitations of the study and some suggestions for further studies in the research area. References and Appendices are presented in the last pages of the study.
TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com - 14 - CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Overview of Vocabulary Teaching 2.1 The Definitions of Vocabulary The American Heritage Dictionary defines vocabulary as “the sum of words used by, understood by, or at the command of a particular person or group.” It means that vocabulary is all the words of a language. A person's vocabulary is the set of words they are familiar with in a language. A vocabulary usually grows and evolves with age, and serves as a useful and fundamental tool for communication and acquiring knowledge. Michael Lewis (1993: 89) stated: vocabulary “.
may be individual words, or full sentences – institutionalized utterances – that convey fixed social or pragmatic meaning within a given community”. However, what are the major aspects of vocabulary that can be taught to students? Ur (1996) (as cited in To Thu Huong et al, 2009: 81) assumed that vocabulary has eleven aspects, which are demonstrated in the table below: Categories Description Example 1. Pronunciation What a word sounds like [ti:] 2. Spelling What a word looks like T-e-a Change of form (especially if it is 3.
Grammar Ox - Oxen irregular) Restrictions on how words can be 4. Collocation Make trouble but Do wrong used together The core meaning that refers the Nightfall: The close of the 5. Denotation word to the real world day The additional meaning that shows Excuse in She made an 6. Connotation people‟s emotions and attitudes excuse for being late has a towards what the word refers to negative meaning.
Whether a word is appropriate to use 7. Formality Thank you – Thanks in certain contexts TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com - 15 - Words that mean the same or nearly 8. Synonym bright, clever, smart the same 9. Antonym Words that mean the opposite Rich vs.
Poor Words that serve as specific 10. Hyponym Bus, car, lorry, van examples of a general concept 11. Word building How a word is created Sink – sinkable - unsinkable Table 1: Major Aspects of Vocabulary For the pedagogical purposes of this paper, the researcher has chosen to use the terms vocabulary and lexis to refer to individual words (e. library, school, etc.2 Principles of Teaching Vocabulary Erin Lowry, Senior English Language Fellow (2009) shows that there are four principles for teaching and learning vocabulary.
Recycling: It is vital to ensure that new vocabulary is regularly recycled/ revised, because if students do not get the chance to put it into use they will easily begin to forget it. Motivation: It is also important to ensure teenagers are paying attention and involved in their lessons and lots of ideas for practising vocabulary are fun. Exams: An aspect of language that is judged in examinations is the range of vocabulary that students have, so they must be able to use vocabulary they have learnt effectively in exam situations. Communication: In order to communicate clearly and effectively a good range of vocabulary is needed.
It enriches both spoken and written language. Hubbard et al (1989) and Nation (2003) (as cited in To Thu Huong et al, (2009: 91) stated other principles. First of all, teaching and practicing words in their spoken form are given first, otherwise students will try to pronounce the words as they are written. After that students will remember new vocabulary better if it is presented in TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com - 16 - a memorable way to start with and then put to regular practice.
Teachers always check their students have understood the new words, no matter how they have been presented. Unless teachers only want their students to have a passive knowledge of the lexical items, the teachers must put them into context and get the students to practise them. Moreover as with teaching anything else, revision is essential; otherwise the new words have been taught will be forgotten. Furthermore, high frequency words should be given more teaching time and attention than low frequency words because they are more useful.