Các yếu tố quyết định lợi nhuận ngân hàng tại Việt Nam: Vai trò của sự hiện diện nước ngoài

Nghiên cứu các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến lợi nhuận ngân hàng tại Việt Nam và vai trò của sự hiện diện nước ngoài trong luận văn thạc sĩ.

2014

102
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

35 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

CERTIFICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

ABBREVIATION

1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Problem statement

1.2. Research objective

1.3. Research questions

1.4. The scope of the study

1.5. Structure of the study

2. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEWS

2.1. Theory of Bank profitability’s determinant

2.2. Foreign presence/ ownership and its impact on bank profitability

3. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA

3.1. Estimation panel regression model

3.2. Test for an appropriate panel data regression choice

3.3. Variable measurement and test hypothesis

3.4. Bank profitability definition

3.5. Foreign presence and foreign shareholding

3.6. Estimation strategy & Data collection

4. CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH RESULTS & DISCUSSION

4.1. Vietnam banking background

4.2. Descriptive statistic of the sample

4.3. Empirical results & findings discussion

4.4. Result of Test for panel regression model

4.5. Discussion of findings

4.6. Limitations & suggestion for future studies

APPENDIX A: INFORMATION OF BANK OBSERVATION SAMPLE

APPENDIX B: SUMMARY OF SOME MAIN EMPIRICAL LITERATURE REVIEWS

APPENDIX C: DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY ANALYSIS

APPENDIX D: PANEL REGRESSION MODEL

APPENDIX E: RESULTS OF BREUSCH – PAGAN LM TEST

APPENDIX F: RESULTS OF HAUSMAN TEST

APPENDIX G: RESULT OF ROBUST STANDARD ERROR (FIX HETEROSKEDASTICITY)

Trích đoạn nội dung tài liệu

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM – THE NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DETERMINANTS OF BANK PROFITABILITY IN VIETNAM: DOES FOREIGN PRESENCE MATTER? MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By TRUONG UY PHAP Academic Supervisor Dr. DUONG NHU HUNG HCM city, December 2014 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CERTIFICATION “I hereby claim that the substance of this thesis has not ever been submitted for any degree and has not been currently submitted for any other degree. I certify that to the best attempt of my knowledge and support received during the preparation phrase of this thesis and all resources have been acknowledged in this thesis”. TRUONG UY PHAP Date: … December 2014 i LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would not be able to write and finish my thesis without the help and support of people surrounding me. Above all, I would like to express my greatest appreciation to my supervisor, Dr. Duong Nhu Hung, for his precious comments, advices and guidance, encouragement during the writing period. Without his guidance, my thesis would not be completed. I would also like to offer my special thanks to Dr. Truong Dang Thuy for the econometric guidance and valuable suggestions that help to develop this thesis. Besides my mentors, special thanks also to all the lecturers at the Vietnam – Netherlands Program for their expert knowledge and sharing during the coursework phrase. In addition, I really appreciate my friends and people who are always beside me and provide supports for my thesis. Last, but not least, I am very deeply grateful to my family. Without their warm encouragement and patience, I would not be possible to complete well this thesis. TRUONG UY PHAP ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT The present paper seeks to examine the determinants of bank profitability in Vietnam during the period 2004–2013. The empirical findings suggest that credit risk, non-interest income, operating expense and liquidity variables have a statistically significantly impact on bank profitability. The empirical findings suggest that credit risk and expense preference behaviour are negatively related to banks' profitability, while non-interest income and liquidity have a positive impact. During the period under study, the results suggest that inflation has a negative impact on bank profitability, while the impacts of economic growth and money supply have not significantly explained the variations in the profitability of the Vietnamese banks. Besides, foreign presence from the macroeconomic view and enterprise view do not show the significant relationship with bank profitability. In other words, the opening up policy to allow more foreign entry entering into domestic banking market and relaxing of foreign ownership restriction in local banks are considered unclear for policy implications. Key words: bank profitability, foreign presence, ownership, Vietnam, determinants iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABBREVIATION SBV State Bank of Vietnam SOBs State-Owned Banks JSBs Joint Stock commercial banks JVBs Joint Venture banks FOBs 100% foreign-owned banks GMM Generalized method of moments FEM Fixed Effect Model REM Random Effect Model OLS Ordinary Least Square LSDV Least Square Dummy Variable GDP Gross Domestic Product WTO World Trade Organization FS Foreign Shareholding FSP Foreign Strategic partner FP Foreign presence ROA Return on Assets NIM Net interest margin iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . The scope of the study . Structure of the study. 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEWS . Theory of Bank profitability’s determinant . Foreign presence/ ownership and its impact on bank profitability . 10 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA . Estimation panel regression model:. Test for an appropriate panel data regression choice . Variable measurement and test hypothesis. Bank profitability definition . Foreign presence and foreign shareholding . Estimation strategy & Data collection . 32 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH RESULTS & DISCUSSION . Vietnam banking background . Descriptive statistic of the sample . Empirical results & findings discussion . Result of Test for panel regression model . Discussion of findings . 48 v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Limitations & suggestion for future studies . 58 APPENDIX A: INFORMATION OF BANK OBSERVATION SAMPLE. 62 APPENDIX B: SUMMARY OF SOME MAIN EMPIRICAL LITERATURE REVIEWS . 71 APPENDIX C: DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY ANALYSIS . 77 APPENDIX D: PANEL REGRESSION MODEL . 79 APPENDIX E: RESULTS OF BREUSCH – PAGAN LM TEST . 87 APPENDIX F: RESULTS OF HAUSMAN TEST. 89 APPENDIX G: RESULT OF ROBUST STANDARD ERROR (FIX HETEROSKEDASTICITY) . 91 vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Analytical framework of determinants of bank profitability.1: Trend of foreign presence in Vietnam .2: Average bank’ equity by different levels of foreign presence .3: Average bank’ total assets by different levels of foreign presence .4: Average bank’ return on asset by different levels of foreign presence .5: Average bank’ net interest margin by different levels of foreign presence .43 vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Tests for choosing the appropriate panel regression model .2: Definition, notation and expected signs of relevant variables .3: Data collection sources .1: Numbers of banking institutions in Vietnam (2004-2013) .2: Performance of banking industry and its contribution to Vietnam economy .3: Summary statistics for all variables in this research .4: Correlation analysis among independent variables .5: Results of F test and Breusch – Pagan Test .6: Results of Hausman Test .7: Result of Test for heteroskedasticity .8: Results of the final models .47 viii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Problem statement In the world of financial liberalization during the last few decades, in terms of facilitating the critical roles of international trade, the rise of international banks has become important significantly. Banks have expanded multinationally by not only establishing foreign susidiaries and branches as local incoporation formation but also by taking over estabished foreign banks. As other corporations, banks have always operated with the aims of profit maximization. The foreign banks operates in developing countries will be considered as the same strategy afterward. However, to what extent will the foreign bank operating in particular country yield a better return than those domestic competitors, or vise-versa? This is the question leading to many reseaches conducted recently. There have been some researches regarding the impact of the internal factors such as bank specific characteristics (size, risk level, liquidity status and so on) and external factors such as inflation, GDP from the country-specific factors on banking profitability (Pasiouras and Kosmidou, 2007). These determinants have been anlayzed not only in a series of pooled countries but also in a single country. However, to integrate the effect of foreign ownership structure into this link is critically necessary especially for developing countries where they are concentrating on the progress of financial liberalization and seeking for foreign entry to enhance the domestic market. As part of the privatization and financial liberalization strategy, more and more developing countries allow foreign- owed banks or greenfield bank (Bonin et al, 2005) to operate in their domestic market. As stated in their study, privatization of banking sector, particularly in developing countries is usally accompany with complex procedures and phrases. These may dramatically change the whole banking sector operation in which they would affect to the value of banking, growth rate, risk exposures and defintely performance of banks. Some markets such as China followed a more prudent approach where they open a certain limit of foreign investor in their domestic commercial bank so-called strategic partner program (Shen et. Since foreign banks represent one of bank ownership type besides domestic state-owned or private-owned banks, will foreign ownership, either at greenfield bank or at domestic bank, with the role of strategic 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com foreign investor or at board management, affect the banking profitability besides bank specific charateristics and macroeconomies factors in a typical developing market? The answer of Bonin et. (2005) and Claessens et.al (2001) was considered as “YES”. Generally, they found that foreign-owned banks are more cost-efficient than other banks and deem better performance in terms of profitability, in particular if they have a strategic foreign owner. Indeed, if foreign-owned banks use modern technology, better expense management, and rely on the human capital of their parent banks, they should perform better than government-owned or domestic private banks in transition countries. In the scope of a developing country like China, the findings of Shen et. (2009) have concluded the insignificant impact of the foreign presence at individual bank’s stake on banking profitability. The reason for this could derived from the impact on both revenue and expense that somehow mututally reduced the final influence on profitability. That led to the conclusion of further research to investigate more on the actual influence on each component or activity rather than release more stake to foreign investors. Neverthelese, they have observed a increasing trend in attracting more foreign penetration in Chinese banking industry was significant, especially when Chinese government considered a opening-up policy to enhance its own financial market. That is happened in China banking industry, Should foreign penetration or foreign ownership at individual bank have the same impact and the same findings on an emerging market where it witness the fast changing environment recently ? To the limited knowledge of author, there have been many reseaches examining how different bank profitability could be affected critically by the bank internal factors and external factors, especially in a particular country. In Vietnam, a typical less developed country, the similar study unlikely yield the similar answers, or maybe “YES”. Moreover, a more interesting topic flagged up besides the traditional determinants mentioned above is the relationship between foreign presence and bank profitability. As noticed Vietnam recent banking industry is applying the strategy from some countries such as China, Hungary when introducing foreign strategic partners and 100% foreign-owned bank type in our commercial banking market. These could be somehow have impacts on domestic bank profitability, as our opinion. That is the reason why these trends could be brought up for our study interests. In this study, these impacts 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com would be identified to provide a clear understanding of this relationship of both the internal and external determinants of banking profitability in Vietnam banking industry during period of 2004 to 2011. This period invloves a significant improvement of economic conditions with really high boom after joining WTO in 2006-2007. In addition to this research aim, the question of how to improve the financial market or banking market in developing countries like Vietnam could be deemed as crucial to investigate. Should Vietnam allow more and more foreign penetration entering into banking sector to improve the profitability and its impact, if any, and the policy implication that Vietnamese government should be considered when follow the similar opening-up policy to liberalize our own domestic banking market? Or any other factors, as a hint, for policy maker to understand and react could be considered significant to enhance the banking industry? 1. Research objective The objectives of the thesis are to: a. To examine the impact of internal factors (i. bank sepcific characteristics) and external factors (i. macroeconomies & industry variables) on Vietnamese bank’s profitability in Vietnam. To investigate the impact of foreign presence on bank profitability controlling others factors in different bank ownership types in Vietnam; 1. Research questions - What are the impacts of internal factors and external factors on Vietnamese bank profitability? - Does the impacts of foreign presence affect bank profitability? Shall we allow more and more released stake for foreign penetration entering into our market? 1. The scope of the study This thesis used yearly data of most of commercial banks in Vietnam during the 10-year period from 2004–2013. It focuses on two aims to answer the research questions above. First, this paper will examine the determinants for bank profitability, both internal and external factors.

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