MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES DETERMINE THE PRESENCE OF ENTEROINVASIVE E. coli AND ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC E. coli INSWIFTLET HOUSES USING MULTIPLEX PCR TECHNIQUE Major : BIOTECHNOLOGY Student : LE THANH BINH Student code : 18126011 Academic year : 2018 — 2022 Thu Duc City, March 2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES GRADUATION THESIS DETERMINE THE PRESENCE OF ENTEROINVASIVE E. coli AND ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC E.
coli INSWIFTLET HOUSES USING MULTIPLEX PCR TECHNIQUE Advisor Student Dr. DINH XUAN PHAT LE THANH BINH March 2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards the Board of Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City and the Board of Faculty of Biological Sciences for creating the most favorable conditions for me to finish this study. In addition, I also want to thank Biomin Veterinary Diagnostics Laboratory, Branch of Biomin Vietnam in Binh Duong (belonging to DSM Group) for providing me the facilities to conduct this research. I am genuine grateful to my advisor Dr.
Dinh Xuan Phat, who has kindly taught and guided me during the period of my thesis. It would be impossible for the study to be completed if it hadn’t been the help of all people who has accompanied with me during this hard time. And for that, I want to send thanks to Ms. Cao Tran Quynh Nhu, Ms.
Nguyen Thi Mi Mi, Mr. Hoang Gia Lam, Ms. Do Thi Trinh, Ms. Tran Ngoc Thao Nguyen, Ms.
Nguyen Thi Thanh Trang and other members of Gene Technology Laboratory BIO313 for helping me to reach my goals. And last but not least, I want to honor my family for giving me all the strength to overcome the challenges along the way. You are the reason why I could go this far, and I promise that I will try harder to become successful and make you proud. CONFIRMATION AND COMMITMENT My name is Le Thanh Binh, Class: DH18SM, Student ID: 18126011.
I guarantee that this research was conducted by myself and that the results presented are utterly truthful and objective. This study was a part of the research “Isolation and molecular identification of potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Clostridium perfrigens on swiftlet house environments in Southern Vietnam”. I will take all responsibilities before the Council for these commitments. Thu Duc City, March 2023 Student’s signature il ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to construct a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay to determine the presence of enteroinvasive E.
coli (EIEC) and enterohemorrhagic FE. coli (EHEC) in swiftlet houses in Southern Vietnam. Ninety field samples including 67 fecal samples and 23 nest surface swab samples were collected from swiftlet houses in Binh Duong, Dong Nai, and Ho Chi Minh City. These samples were used for E.
coli isolation and molecular identification through a mPCR assay detecting the virulence genes s/x2 and escV for identification of EHEC and the ipaH gene for identification of EIEC. After optimization, the mPCR functioned well with the thermal conditions as follows: initial denaturation stage at 95°C for 5 minutes; then 35 cycles, each of which consists of denaturation step at 95°C for 30 seconds, annealing step at 60°C for 40 seconds, elongation step at 72°C for 40 seconds; and the final elongation stage at 72°C for 5 minutes. The primer concentration of escV:stx2:ipaH = 0.2uM was chosen to perform the mPCR assays. The limit of detection was determined to be 0.1 fg/uL for each DNA target template per reaction.
At first, the results showed that 52/90 (57.78%) samples collected from swiftlet houses were positive for isolation of E. coli, all of which were feces. The established mPCR assay showed the presence ofvirulence genes with detection rates of 1.11% and 0% (0/90) for the s/x2, escV and ipaH genes, respectively. The mPCR did not detect the escV gene in the stx2-positive E.
coli sample, which indicated that EHEC as well as EIEC was not identified in the collected samples. The study has successfully established a mPCR assay to determine the presence of EHEC and EJEC and provided evidence for the presence of pathogenic E. coli in swiftlet farms. Keywords: Swiftlet, Diarrheagenic È coli, Enteroinvasive FE.
coli (EHEC), multiplex PCR. ill TÓM TẮT Xác định sự hiện diện của Enteroinvasive E. coli (ELEC) và Enterohemorrhagic E. coli trong nhà nuôi chim Yến bằng kỹ thuật Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm để xây dựng quy trình multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR) nhằm xác định sự hiện điện của Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) và Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) trong nhà nuôi chim Yến ở phía Nam Việt Nam. Chín mươi mẫu bao gồm 67 mẫu phân và 23 mẫu phết bề mặt tổ Yến được thu thập từ 30 nhà nuôi chim Yến ở Bình Dương, Đồng Nai và Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
Mẫu được thu thập được sử dụng dé phân lap Escherichia coli và định danh phan tử với quy trình mPCR phát hiện các gen độc lực escV và stx2 dé định danh EHEC và gen ipaH để định danh EIEC. Sau khi tối ưu, quy trình mPCR hoạt động tốt với điều kiện nhiệt độ như sau: tiền biến tính ở 95°C trong vòng 5 phút, sau đó đến 35 chu kỳ luân nhiệt với giai đoạn biến tính ở 95°C trong vòng 30 giây, bắt cặp ở 60°C trong vòng 40 giây, kéo dai ở 72°C trong vòng 40 giây và cuối cùng là hậu kéo dai ở 72°C trong vòng 5 phút. Nồng độ các primer escV:stx2:ipaH = 0.2uM được chọn dé thực hiện các phản ứng mPCR. Giới hạn phát hiện (LOD) của quy trình là 0.1 fg/uL lượng DNA mục tiêu cho mỗi phan ứng.78%) mẫu cho kết quả dương tính với phân lập E.
coli, tất cả mẫu dương tính đều là mẫu phân. Kết quả khảo sát bằng quy trình mPCR cho thấy ty lệ đương tính của gen độc lực stx2, escV và ipaH lần lượt là 1.00% (0/90) trong tổng số các mẫu được thu thập từ nhà nuôi chim Yến. coli dương tính với s/x2 không cho thay sự đồng nhiễm với gen độc lực escV, đồng nghĩa với việc không có sự hiện diện của EHEC cũng như EIEC trong nền mẫu được khảo sát. Nghiên cứu nay đã thiết lập thành công một quy trình mPCR dé xác định sự hiện diện của EHEC và EIEC và đồng thời đưa ra được bằng chứng của sự hiện diện của #.
coli độc lực trong nhà Yến. Từ khóa: Chim Yến, E. coli gây tiêu chảy, Diarrheagenic E. coli (EHEC), multiplex PCR IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS se eeieeiaueeitbeessslkesdl21950:0346305g33S153043210t3uE49330Esjgasiosessssgugl 1 CONFIRMATION AND COMMITMENT,.- --- 5< St St rrireyil DBS TE RUA CC scoesesnenaseronere sited Sno tS at a et ra aoa 11 CS as, iv TABLE OF CONTENTS sssseseeusnnensnsvevensnexsnnensnesenwasesannosnsasusaveate snaupenmanenarsee 00200 3483009018 V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS wessssccsvescosnrssssasaneseunsansisaovavonsesbanivatentesteazweeemuantar eeceweawenees Vill IIRS9)30.
1X LIST OF FIGURES susensesenisnssoidiisiaiigEESA200014813485318685 1945900463 35550563E99008551580383553900188 530 Xx CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION wecsscrsrersmenm nero Rane EE AEe EES 1 II; 9‹c2u na. Objectives of the res€arCH:. ---- - -- 222 2231122112231 21112 111011 21111011 1111 nh ng re 1 [.esesarEhilfo! GGTLEHHSI sao sang ásingblligldooteulluauienllabpinadbiolEeoaeiiddssobiruosbliisiskiee 2 CHAPTER 2.- 2c St HH rrey 3 2 LE SCHOMICNIG GÓ llnggnrynggoVDOIRODGHIVLHDEGEEIHDENGQISGENEEDGPDEEEGSUNNISARISIAERESEGSGEIDNGIEORNHUaSEE 3 “Noo.
Basic biological characteristics of Escherichia €OÏÏ. Basic genomic characteristics of Escherichia COli. DIATE NEASENIC, HS CHEMICHIG: COU sccessscccscaizn ti thHĩ HHÄGh1830RNGSiMG4036R383)8890R334043633S4A82124588860388888 6 2. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC).
Virulence factors, mechanisms and pathogenesis of EHEC. [reatiicntand clinical diagnosis Of EHEC sassssssassssessssesdesssetaodzStidbioidgsssogiodsses 10 2. Enteroinvasive Escherichiacoli (EIEC) ss cisccescssausnsssneesnsscensaveraxeonciesaemnnpsevenenvencen 10 2. Virulence factors, mechanisms, and pathogenesis of EIEC.
Treatment and clinical diagnosis of EIEC 1nfecfIons.--- 5-5555 +5<<++<+ 13 2,5, Polymerase’ Chain Reaction (PER) teccrsscancncuesemern naar aece aaa 13 2.Réagents for PCR £eaCti ON sssxscssscssssssss13412346118 121461814664 153 S56613165556185538494403558 155 14 25.5; Stepsiol the ETR/TERGTIOTssiessesssssGESiSEEISESE5613540EGE4g2Q053502ME-SRSEBSISISREEGSHGSBEESSE28E 15 P0000) 09. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY. Time and location of the researCH. Materials of the research 0n.
Controls:and field. Samples sss: cscrcvsaxacesseesoemesneanmasmramanur macs aeerausnnces 18 3. Chemicals and Equipment 0n. 19 OL 221 CHCICA TCA STIS ssseusssessssssozznoagcobtldtrogksmotcioddi4gdutsưgdhrz4ggo1gsagrzigirsztrbolcgulmpgrlogrimmure 19 2:55: FQUWIPIICOUS screener creme iene ase SESKHIASEHSĐDIGESHHETEEEESSESUENSESESISEISIEGEECSSLSGEAREEMHESSISSESE 19 3.
Isolation of Escherichia coli from swiftlet house environment samples. Bacterial DNA extraction from Escherichia coli eoÌon1es. DNA extraction using WizPrepTM Viral DNA/RNA Mini Kit V2. Optimization of the annealing temperatures for the multiplex PCR.
Optimization for the annealing temperature for the simplex PCR. Optimization of the annealing temperature of the multiplex PCR. Optimization of the primer concentration for the multiplex PCR. Evaluation of the specificity of the multiplex PCTR.
Determination of detection limit of the multiplex PCR assay. Application of the established multiplex PCR assay on field samples. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .1; Results of the SH bán oi tán nữ ho UP eee 27 4. Isolation of Escherichia coli from swiftlet house environment samples.
Optimization of the mPCR assay for identification of EIEC and EHEC. Optimization of annealing temperature of the multiplex PCR assay. Optimization of primer concentration for the multiplex PCR reaction. Evaluation of the specificity of the multiplex PCR.
Determination for limit of detection (LOD) of the multiplex PCR. Application of the established multiplex PCR assay for field samples. DISCUSSION tees x secuscncunear eee ness eek sensi nee eae meen ncn aun eur seen rename CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDA TIONS.
37 Sle CGRG IS 1D ee cr semen sexasnmaaueserseresaererennenenan asec enema EERE 37 5. 38 APPENDIX ss cssscesaseseensesvsnennerunceevesscensesesuiaes eemesiansnn iene arene mannered 45 Vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS aEPEC Atypical Enteropathogenic E. coli DEC Diarrheagenic EF. coli DAEC Diffusely-adherent FE.
coli DNA Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid EAEC Enteroaggregative EF. coli EHEC Enterohemorrhagic È. coli EIEC Enteroinvasive E. coli ELISA Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay EPEC Enteropathogenic F.
coli ETEC Enterotoxigenic E. coli HUS Hemolytic uremic syndrome mPCR Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction NLRs Nod-like receptors PAMP Pathogen associated molecular patterns sPCR Simplex Polymerase Chain Reaction STEC Shiga toxin-producing E. coli Ta Annealing temperature TAE Tris-Acetate EDTA tEPEC typical Enteropathogenic E. coli Tm Melting temperature vill LIST OF TABLES Table 3.
Reagents for the simplex PCR reaction mixture with each primer pairs. Multiplex PCR reagents for annealing temperature optimization. The mPCR components for primer concentration optimization. The results of #.
coli isolation from swiftlet house samples. Results of DNA concentration and preparation of diluted samples. Repetitions of the mPCR for determining the limit of detection. Results for determination of virulence genes s/x2, escV and ipaH in swiftlet house samples with the established multiplex PCR assay .::cecceceeeeseeeseeseeeeees 34 1X LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 2.
Structure of FE. coli membrane and antigenic sfrucfures. A scan-electronic micrograph (SEM) of E. The overall structure of E.
Structure of Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2) from Escherichia coli O157:H7. Structure of LEE of filamentous injectisome of EHEC/EPEC. The attaching and effacing lesions induced by EHEC. Stages in intercellular invasion of S⁄/eela/ELEC.
Schematic presentation of the PCR thermal cycles. Worktlow of this: study icccscssc:cnsamsenaneoneareaememerree 4038638033088 20 Figure 4. Results for isolation and identification of FE. coli from swiftlet house SATHDEEG:ssntaeii 0000250 mart eee Renee ee ene eee 27 Figure 4.
Electrophoresis results of sPCR under different annealing temperature. Electrophoresis results of mPCR for annealing temperature optimization. ESR ERLE SE SEL SEAT SES ILENE BSE ULES TES TL LL TTD 29 Figure 4. Electrophoresis results of the primer concentration ratio evaluation.
Electrophoresis results for specificity evaluation of the mPCR. Electrophoresis results of determination for LOD of the multiplex PCR CRIS (eee ree er tere sere rr ee ete cr 32 Figure 4. Electrophoresis results of the multiplex PCR for identification of EIEC and EHEC in swiftlet HOUWSES::zsscss6xi6502660662616412556681411335535585165555634433531513533834138535844682 33 CHAPTER 1. Background The edible bird’s nest industry has become increasingly important to the development of the Vietnamese husbandry industry.
The estimated production of bird nest products was estimated to be 120 tons per year, equivalent to about 450 million USD (about 10 trillion VND) (Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper: https://en.