MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES EVALUATING ABILITY OF DETECTION OF AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS (ASFV) IN SWINE OF THE TRIAL KIT TraceDetectTM qPCR ASFV Major : BIOTECHNOLOGY Student implementation: : NGO THI CAM PHIN Student code: : 19126132 Academic year: : 2019-2023 Thu Duc City, 8/2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES GRADUATION THESIS EVALUATING ABILITY OF DETECTION OF AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS (ASFV) IN SWINE OF THE TRIAL KIT TraceDetectTM qPCR ASFV Advisor Student Dr. DINH XUAN PHAT NGO THI CAM PHIN Thu Duc City, 8/2023 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards the Board of Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City and the Board of Faculty of Biological Sciences for creating the most favorable conditions for me to finish this study. I would also like to thank all the teachers of the Faculty of Biological Sciences who have transferred valuable knowledge during my years. And especially, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Dinh Xuan Phat Ph.
for wholeheartedly teaching, guiding and supporting me during the thesis process. Many thanks to Ms. Nguyen Thi Mi Mi, Mr. Le Thanh Binh, Mr.
Nguyen Thanh Canh, Ms. Tran Nguyen Minh Thanh, Ms. Chau Ngoc Huynh Nhu and other members of Gene Technology Laboratory BIO313 for always helping, sharing, and supporting me to reach my goals. Finally, I would like to thank my family for always loving and trusting me.
And my friends have accompanied me on this journey. CONEIRMATION COMMITMENT My name is Ngo Thi Cam Phin, Student ID: 19126132, Class: DH19SHD, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City. I guarantee that: This research was conducted by myself, the data and information in the research are completely honest and objective. I take full responsibility before the Council for these commitments.
Thu Due City, September 2023 Student’s signature il ABSTRACT The topic research “Evaluating ability of detection of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) in swine of the trial kit TraceDetectTM qPCR ASFV” was performed to Virus (ASFV) in swine of the TraceDetectTM qPCR ASFV kit” was performed to check effectiveness of trial kit through evaluating specificity and limit of detection in field samples. In this study, limit of detection of trial kit was 1 copy/uL and the trial kit only amplified and specific for ASFV and not amplified for unrelated DNA/RNA. Standard curve of trial kit was y = -3.722 with parameters of Slope = -3. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values of the trial kit were determined to be 100%; besides, the predicted positive value and the predicted negative value were 100%.
The coefficient of variation between replications on the test kit ranged from 0. In summary, the study showed that the trial kit was competent to be used in diagnosis of ASFV in field samples. Keywords: African Swine Fever Virus, ASFV, trial kit, real-time PCR. ill TÓM TẮT Đề tài “Đánh giá khả năng phát hiện African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) trên lợn của bộ kit thử nghiệm TraceDetectTM qPCR ASFV” được thực hiện dé kiểm tra hiệu quả của bộ kit thử nghiệm thông qua việc đánh giá độ đặc hiệu và giới hạn phát hiện trên mẫu thực địa.
Trong nghiêm cứu này, giới hạn phát hiện của bộ kit thử nghiệm là 1 copy/uL và bộ kit thử nghiệm chỉ khuếch đại và đặc hiệu với ASFV và không khuếch đại với DNA/RNA không liên quan. Đường chuẩn của bộ kit thử nghiệm là y = -3.722 với các thông số Độ dốc = -3.5854; và Hiệu quả khuếch đại (E%) = 90. Các giá trị độ nhạy chuẩn đoán và độ đặc hiệu chan đoán của bộ thử nghiệm được xác định là 100%; bên cạnh đó, giá trị dự đoán dương và giá trị dự đoán âm là 100%. Hệ số biến thiên giữa các lần lặp lại trên bộ thử nghiệm dao động từ 0.
Tóm lại, nghiên cứu cho thấy rằng bộ thử nghiệm có thé được sử dụng dé chân đoán ASFV trên các mẫu thực địa. Từ khóa: African Swine Fever Virus, ASFV, kit thử nghiệm, realtime PCR. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS cece cuercommnernsewscnuemene gerne ee ear i 0 0))3316//. 1 IBS TRACT guosgstointtSioiitGAHGBGE-GEHGGS.,Ô iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 32.2253 ee See Or oe oe oe ca.
V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS nseiniieeuiioeoodsnodisdoooostvetasslkigSgsglbsBSsssiSsS0008003081490380 Vil LSE OR ABLES cussissemisenccasamescsmeres cesarean tear dean ean REG eS vill LIST OF BIGUIRES escevescsmmesssommmavmnsercee wesecemarswmeiunsatewe ur masmunenraacuanes swe ceesauecummcstic 1X CHAPTER 1.oocececeeceeceecceseeeceeceeseeeceeseeeeeeaeceneeaeeeseeeeeneeeeeeseeaes 1 Ì;1;_THEOCGOÏI! eesergeeene sneer eee en Se eee ESS 1 [ESO lo) (Sch i ee ee 1 1B. ARES CATCH) COMLEI ES bssssoesisteoseoEttenlztitsiseiodbdstioszs2S80SeisBa0Mđ8nđtdg,x8gstbidbebtokielotlgsegzitgazsindasssisinsrdi 2 CHAPTER 2. Introduction of African Swine Fever virus (ASTFV).-- 2c 2 S2ccc+ssceeecseecexeee2 2 Ale StCUCHital Pr0 PCY ncqeeensescemese eee sua 2. Invasion mechanism, replication, and gene expression 1n host cells of ASFV.
Diseases and associated syndromes .-- ---- 5 2+ + +2 +21 *2E 221 2121 1E se rrke 5 PP 00 520000000. Real-time PCR 0:-90. 10 2nlơ PYIMCIPIES secrcsscour comnts ere cucemnnwunuer cen aanmeuueamaren enum eae eee UEEE 10 22:2.cccccseswonssncsweusvscuvestecnusstia LH Ha ngà i0 g4440144144210040000188 4422006 10 2. Real amplification chart - PCR heart.
Quantification in Real-time PCR. Situation of ASFV diagnostic researcHh.- --- -- 5c S+ + + *+ + srrrerrrrrxee 14 223: NatiOfial Studies sang e6 51654013 61445 0485B0544E95BSSHSSESESDSISLASH4Q3S14251EVLREESESSRSSHIELEEEHSE-SER48SĐ8 14 Phu su 0008. MATERIALS AND METHOD s.sccccce nen n2 101101 12 G2 long nee 16 3. Location and duration na ố .2, Objectiand materialS sang gu 060116605 50015800115G399G100GGN5E0IS88650NSNGbyGUAIBSBN RARE ERS EEE 16 9:5: 1L» CD |EGLTGSGAIGN seessoissssorohttoiesietxot9GI2I130/9083EE0SĐ081612303ES0NGTGRSBHGSOSEUNABHSHSEHI.
17 3 dele, Tredtiient Of Sati ples cnsssesrnmeercon meee nena nnpr mma EEE 17 DeBDin Bextra CLOT) NA eo csccctincnaewtt ramet etnias ttn eet ef see 1 3. Realtime PCR feRAGHDÍlicsssessaendidisdieBS20143830095504. Determination of detection ÏITIL.-- --- 5-2222 * 22+ 3z £+2EE+zE+zEseeezkeereerrrrseese 19 33. 4 estInơ:arialyfl@đ] speciietty xs.
ccc tise n 06x G0 b2 1b sec C06 ko E022 022 x<e 19 3. Determination of detection limits on field sampÌes. Check accuracy 1n ASFV def€CtIOH. Evaluation of the stability of the trial kit for the detection of ASFV.
Data processing na. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 22 VÌ; RESU TS sceeorermrenss semen ery s taunt ereernecivemneainnyssboer ee oerrmmerrererneemeeem eereeets 22 4. Determination of detection limit.
Testing analytical SD€CIÍÍC1EY. Determination of detection limits on field sampÏes. Comparative values between the trial kit and Reference KIf.ISGUISSTGTiSsxxssessbsisooEibsuesadlbssaiageduoisiergDadtsEisgriiigsglsseEngusoulizcuossdkicezosuEsbiessilSđoassiSfrbsrzodishrsnzed 28 Chapter 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDA TIONS.Ó REFERENCE ngán giáo in cece yr caterer tase a tte ce 31 BBE NOS cesses ee ni a rete Bw es ee eae 0 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ASF : African Swine Fever ASFV : African Swine Fever Virus CV : Coefficient of Variation DNA : Deoxyribonucleic Acid GDP : Gross Domestic Product LOD : Limited of Detection MGB : Minor Groove Binder NPV : Negative Predictive Value OTE : Office International des Epizooties PCR : Polymerase Chain Reaction PPV : Positive Predictive Value Se : Sensivity : Specificity Vii LIST OF TABLES Page Table 2.
Main lesions observed in the different forms of ASE. Evaluate the negative and positive results of the trial KIt. Results of three replicates for serial 10-fold dilutions of ASFV DNA. ASFV detection results on field samples of 2 Real-time PCR kIfs.
The trial kit's ability to detect ASFV in 2 samples platforms. 26 vill LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 2. Structure and protein composition of ASEFV. Acute ASF post-mortem exam1naf1OI.
Schematic of TaqMan (5’ nuclease) aSSay.-- ---- 5c + ss+cee+ereexee 12 Figure 2. The graph shows the stages and parameters of Real-time PCR. Determine LOD of the ASFV TracdetectTM qPCR ASFV Kt. The standard curve of ASFV plasmid DNA.
Result Real-time PCR to testing analytIcalL. The results of real-time PCR of 10 samples after 4 times 10-fold. The result of detection ASFV of both kits in 2 field samples. The stability of the trial kit of 29 positives with ASFV samples.
Introduction African Swine Fever (ASF) 1s one of the perilous diseases caused by African Swine Fever virus in pigs. The ASF had high infectivity and mortality (up to 100%) (Galindo et al., 2017; Li et al. ASF first appeared in Kenya in the 1920s, Europe in 1957, the Caucasus region, and southern Russia in 2007 (Cwynar ef al., 2019; Sanchez ef al. According to the OIE, China was the first country that reported an outbreak of ASF in East Asia in August 2018 (Mighell and Ward, 2021).
It rapidly spread to most provinces in China within a short period of time and adversely affected the swine industry (Tao ef a/. Furthermore, ASF had been reported in other Asian countries since the end of 2018 (Mighell and Ward, 2021). According to a Department of Animal Health report, African Swine Fever Virus was first detected in Vietnam in February 2019. After that, the disease spread on a large scale within 5 months, causing heavy damage to pig production in our country.
In April 2020, the ASF epidemic in Vietnam appeared and continued to spread in 2021 and 2022 (Thinh Nguyen-Thi ef a/. Pig production occupied 60% of the total livestock output in Vietnam. The ASF outbreak and presence in the long term caused severe economic losses among farmers and posed adverse impacts on the pig industry in our country, leading to a decrease in the gross domestic product (GDP). Because of the seriousness of this virus, early detection of the virus in the sample is essential.
To meet this market demand, real-time PCR reaction kits were created and TraceDetectTM qPCR ASFV Kit is one of them. Currently, to simplify the process, many products on the market have a collection of key components for real-time PCR reactions, called real-time PCR kits. To establish a sensitive, specific assay for the detection and quantitation of ASFV, testing and evaluating the kit at the research stage is important. Therefore, "Evaluating ability of detection of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) on the trial kit TraceDetectTM qPCR ASFV" was performed.
Objective Evaluating ability of detection of African Swine Fever virus (ASFV) on the trial kit TraceDetectTM qPCR ASFV. Research contents Content 1: Evaluate the parameters (specificity and limit of detection) of TraceDetectTM qPCR ASFV kit. Content 2: Successfully comparison and evaluation the ability to detect ASFV on different field samples with a trial kit. Introduction of African Swine Fever virus (ASFV) 2.
Structural property ASFV is a large, icosahedral, linear double-stranded DNA virus and the only virus classified under the Asfarviridae family and Asfivirus genus (Dixon ef a/. The virion has a multiple-layer structure, including the envelope, capsid, inner envelope, core shell and nucleoid from outside to inside (Heath et a/., 2001; Xian and Xiao, 2020) as shown in Figure 2. Outer envelope The outer envelope is the outermost layer of ASFV virion which was acquired from the host cellular membrane during budding. The outer envelope is the outermost layer of ASFV which was acquired from the host cellular membrane during budding.
The morphology of the external envelope is by the budding process for virus exit from the cell (Breese and DeBoer, 1966). p12 was seen as a protein that promotes the adsorption of virus particles on host cells as an outer envelope protein by binding to specific receptors on the host cell membrane to mediate ASFV entry (Alejo ef a/. Capsid The capsid is composed of about 2,760 pseudo-hexameric capsomers and 12 pentameric capsomers. Protein p72 was seen as with the major capsid protein of iridoviruses, phycodnaviruses and mimiviruses, which also had icosahedral capsids surrounding an inner envelope (Iyer ef a/.
Three p72 protein molecules adopting a double jelly-roll structure form one pseudo-hexameric capsomer, and another five penton proteins could construct a pentameric capsomer (Wang ef a/. In addition to p72, protems such as pB438L and pE120R were constitutive proteins of the viral capsid. The protein pB438L is needed for the capsid to form its peaks. (Alejo ef al.