MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY-HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES VIETNAMESE GINSENG (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) HAIRY ROOT CULTURE-DERIVED SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS Major : BIOTECHNOLOGY Student : NGUYEN NHAT KHANG ID : 18126227 School year =: 2018 - 2022 Thu Duc City, 03/2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NONG LAM UNIVERSITY-HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES UNDERGRADUATE THESIS VIETNAMESE GINSENG (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv.) HAIRY ROOT CULTURE-DERIVED SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS Supervisors Student PhD. Do Manh Cuong Nguyen Nhat Khang MSc. Hoang Dac Khai Thu Duc city, 03/2023 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To complete this thesis, I would like to express my special thanks and gratitude to my supervisors PhD. Do Manh Cuong and MSc.
Hoang Dac Khai, especially Prof. Duong Tan Nhut who gave me the opportunity to do this thesis which also helped me in doing a lot of experiment. I am really thankful to them. Secondly, I would like to thank the teachers of Faculty of biological sciences- Nong Lam university and the members of the Department of molecular biology and plant breeding who helped me in finishing this thesis in a limited time.
It really helped me increase my knowledge and skills. Finally, I would like to thank the financial support of the Department of molecular biology and plant breeding under grant number NCXS01.03/22-24 DECLARATION My name is Nguyen Nhat Khang, ID: 18126227, Class: DH18SHC of Biotechnology major, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City. All data in this thesis are my and our research group under funding of project with grant number “NCXS01.03/22-24” of Vietnam Academy of Sciencs and Technology. This thesis's results were used as a part of the work "Efficient transgenic plantlet regeneration from hairy roots via somatic embryogenesis and hardening plantlets of Panax vietnamensis by iron nanoparticles-supplied culture" that published in 2022, in which I am the co-author.
I fully responsible to the board for these commitments. Thu Duc, Monday, 6th February 2023 Student NGUYEN NHAT KHANG ABSTRACT In this study, the plantlet regeneration of Panax vietnamensis via somatic embryogenesis derived from hairy root callus was investigated. The results showed that the maximum callus induction (100%) and explant fresh weight (4.15 g) were recorded on the SH medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BA in combination with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 30 g/L sucrose after 6 weeks of culture. Callus was transferred to SH medium containing 1.0 mg/L BA for somatic embryogenesis.
The somatic embryogenesis was 100%, and the average number of embryos was 63.7 embryos after 6 weeks of culture on SH medium containing 1. Then, the somatic embryos were transferred to the plant growth regulators-free SH medium for the maturation. They developed progressively through the globular, heart, torpedo, cotyledon stages, and finally formed plantlets. The plantlets derived from hairy roots retained the Ri T-DNA was revealed by PCR analysis.
The morphology of these plantlets were not different from the non-transformed plantlets as a control, but the root growth was better. Keywords: Agrobacterium rhizogenes, rhizome proliferation, somatic embryogenesis callus CONTENTS Page ANCRTTOWILEA S CHIBI NGA cans ốnốớố.ốaố cố ốc Cố CO CỐ 1 Declaration of authorSlIpD. - --- - 22 2222221223 1231151 1231153123111 12111111211 111111 1x ray ul TAN thờ Cl Ieee arian OES renee re re ne Tee ere etre Rarer ROT eer eM Nene mene ere nee? 11 COHÍẾH [Ss xssgigsgsesosg16116154758183103041606100310438314445381453353381543653935915E83813155403913 3985303501504 IV List Of 1a1) 2211010. Sẽ ẽnốốốố ốc VI DE TSEO LADIES is.
“Số CC cÔ VI List Of figures. Vill CHAPTER J) OVER VIEW seccacensee ne eeeemare eee | Lal. Backs rotiid 21 ott OB excesses eeecou sacra coun crease nian suey SUS2. IRESCGT Cl CONTESTS wc scssonsssevenasacesesse 800G613800-3084/00486G22368E ast 560038.3838110408 2 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.
Ặ ST SH re, 3 Dali FP ONOK VICINOINCNSIS accusers tặgnhgi4gì02)Ag13S08880011Q83§tSgE230835⁄G;SG8N2NGS289ES22IGGXN8E9/SGU85gt2S0kmidiog 3 Ds lạc La C855IHEBEDÏsssseeseesnbtisss4214363111455135585E0101985SS1/460150000%03/391013330161102102303% 3 2. The medicinal value of Panax VietNAMeNSis .120: SAPONINS a cacescanscsssanasemacaxeam mmm mate eR 3 J8 QUIET COM POUT S x"n. Application of biotechnology on Panax Vi€f@I1€HSỈS. Transgenic technology in pÏATIE.
Advantages and potential of transgenic plant in agriculfure. Somatic embryogenesis in pÏaTI(. krrke 7 2:2: SODMALC omDEVODGTICSS ssscc erence sea G0 4 016196:363610168 810 8p339360310SH98SDEGBA1Si0130300988150. Advantage and potential of somatic embryogenesis.
Some factors effect on somatic embryogenesis. ---- 5555-55 <+ss+ss+ 8 20013; PLAN STOW IDLE SU ALOLS sonseassseceetiig518S:813804l.38 8 20-51: ERP lanl SOUICE aan mumnewe seme tenes ete E ERE ETE 9 2. Somatic embryogenesis of Panax. Vi€ÍHđINI€THSÏS.
7 5-55 sS+s+e+sxs+ 10 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS. Places and duration for conducting eXp©rIIN€TIES. Plant materials nh. Equipments and tools .cecceeeecesceeceeseesceeseeeceesececeeseceeeeseeeeeeseeeeeeseeeeenees 11 13258 2n: be TEIULHDITELĐTELEEcosessesk.cooo=oHke,chs4 x6 g0300610m 3A 8816311a463302300.0800/805đE2d-kecao238AdoA,4S0Ad.dL 11 Dedede: -LOO lỔÏgssssoiceiussPi500099003900906950005853830/5683809S85.
12 1, NI C LHS5: 7526660616120 20L10E06SEERGGEGBGEBEEBEILIE BI EEe 12 3. Plant cell, tissue and organs culture. Effect of NAA combined with cytokinins (BA, KIN and Adenine) on callus miduction OfDalry TOOt GKD BH <ccssercrseoncavsearannos sarnesancconssumonercrsnonawnss 12 3. Effect of single cytokinin (BA, KIN and Adenine) or BA combined with auxin (2,4-D and NAA) on somatic embryogenesis from hairy roots-derived GBIÌesssespsesbbsesvrsepossgoltthderlttoxosszgbosibisztos 3ipisicRussgissteksrgisnpstsggvlindlrsrgrgtinrdegnagistgitrngjcber 13 3.
Somatic embryo maturation and transgenic plantlet regeneration. Detection of target genes in regenerated transgenic plantlefs. Observe the surface of somatic embryos by SEM. Statistical analysts: sssaseesdaeiisidasorritkieinbtiedzesVBpgig0 8 006 nhitdirdin-iebdtirooig 1i 00p sáo 15 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIƠN.
Effect of NAA combined with cytokinins (Ba or KIN or Adenine) on callus induction of hairy root explants. Effect of single cytokinins (BA, KIN and Adenine) or BA combined with auxin (2,4-D and NAA) on somatic embryogenesis from hairy roots-derived CALLUS eoscaxssassansonnes saazsems sexe 1388 8128018148/368gEÄ5BSL4SEI058/4S833SĐ083h4Sã. Somatic embryo maturation and transgenic plantlet regeneration. Detection of target genes in regenerated transgenic plantlets.- 24 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS.---- 26 Dill MOTE ISTO seaceontcsnecrenstielneei sein set oneal wit acessories 26 5.a 01S (0) | ee ee ee 26 REFERENCES APPENDIX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 2,4-D : 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid BA : 6-Benzylaminopurine Kin : Kinetin SH : Schenk and Hildebrandt medium (1972) NAA : 1-Axit naphtalenaxetic PCR : Polymerase-Chain-Reaction PGRs : Plant growth regulators vi LIST OF TABLES Page Table 3.
Nucleotide sequence of the PCR primers used for detection of T-DNA integration in plantlet derived from hairy root of P. Thermo cycle for PCR reactIOI. Effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the callus induction from Waly TOO SIE G WEEKS OL CHINE sonccsssssacnss ti idgohi Ti Gia1360801-G013G33818809Đ5300353803JE0. Effect of BA, KIN and Adenine on somatic embryogenesis from callus derived from hairy roots after 6 weeks of cuÏfUTe.- --- 55+ sxs+xssscssrersxrs 22 Table 4.
Effect of NAA or 2,4-D combined with BA on somatic embryogenesis from callus derived from hairy roots after 6 weeks of culÌture.- ------ 23 vii LIST OF FIGURES Page Fig 4. Callus induction from hairy TOOI. Plantlets drived from somatic embryos .- --- --¿---++-+>+sc++erzee+xer+ 25 Fig 4. Detection of integration of the rol A, B, C and aux! genes in plantlets derived from the hairy root of P.
vietnamensis transformed by A. rhizogenes strain PCG HỆ XG II Ranguziseseiðda8acsGioa.usadSeiEstis23iia8u3isase25gBskasisass3uisisksaBa3ontieagisBEnsfos4BiL8iusslGlonSGin. Background information Panax vietnamensis |Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv (1985)] is one of the rare and top-class medicinal plants. This species has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and has recently been identified as a potential source of novel bioactive compounds.
It is used to support for antioxidant treatments, anti-stress, and immune system enhancement, etc. Saponin is the main active compound in P. vietnamensis like other ginseng in the world. The formation of protopanaxadiol oxid II and 52 saponin mixture have been isolated and identified in the P.
The high quantity of saponin dammarane (12-15%) and saponin MR2 (50%), P. vietnamensis showed biological activity 48-fold higher than P. vietnamensis also contains 2 oleanolic acid saponin derivatives, compounds that were first discovered in the Araliaceae family. vietnamensis become one of the most valuable medicinal species in Vietnam (Dong ef al.
However, the supply of P. vietnamensis 1s very limited due to limited distribution (mainly in Ngoc Linh Mountain area, Vietnam), slow growth (it takes more than 5 years to harvest), and reproduction leading to low yields and high prices. The hairy root is a plant disease caused by the infection of the bacterium Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Hairy root culture based on transgenic technology is now being widely applied for biomass multiplication to extract saponins (Khan ef a/., 2018; Gharari ef al.
vietnamenis, Nhut et al. (2017) successfully induced the hairy roots by transferring ro/ and aux genes with A. rhizogenes-mediated transgenic, achieving a remarkable step in P. vietnamensis multiplication biomass.
However, there is still no research on the regeneration of transgenic P. vietnamensis, which was the main aim of this study. The present thesis was carried out to determine the optimal culture medium for callus induction from hairy roots, somatic embryogenesis from callus, germination of somatic embryos into plantlets, and determining the presence of target genes in regenerated transgenic plantlets. The present results are the basic tool for P.
vietnamensis breeding with enhanced secondary compounds biosynthesis for the pharmaceutical industry in Vietnam. Research objectives Determining the optimal concentration of PGRs for callus induction. Determining the optimal concentration of PGRs for embryogenesis. Determining the target gene of transgenic P.
vietnamensis planlets derived from hairy roots. Research contents Effect of NAA combined with cytokinins (BA or KIN or Adenine) on callus induction of hairy root explants. Effect of single cytokinin (BA, KIN and Adenine) or BA combined with auxin (2,4-D and NAA) on somatic embryogenesis from hairy roots-derived callus. Obtaining the transgenic P.
viefnamensis plantlets derived from hairy roots. Classification Panax vietnamensis [Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv (1985)] is also known as P. This 1s one of the rare and top-class herbal medicines in Vietnam, and it is also one of the five best ginseng in the world. Panax vietnamensis was first discovered in 1973 at a height of 1.800 m above sea level on Ngoc Linh Mountain, which is within the Truong Son Range-straddles 4 provinces Kon Tum, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, and Gia Lai with over 80% forest coverage, the average temperature roughly around 15 to 18.5°C, the average humidity and rain level approximately high (Chu ef a/.
vietnamensis was officially introduced at Komarov Botanical Institute (Soviet Union) by H. Dung and IV. Grushvistky with it scientific name P. vietnamesis belonging to the Araliaceae family.
Scientific classification Kingdom : Plantae Order : Aplales Family : Araliaceae Genus : Panax Species ; P. vietnamensis Binomial Name : Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv (1985) 2. The medicinal value of Panax vietnamensis 2. Saponins Saponin or saponosid is a heterogeneous mixture, which contains sterol glycoside and triterpenoid glycoside, and it can be found in many plant species.
Saponin distributes all over the bark, leaf, stem, root, and even the flower (Milgate ef a/. Saponin is the main active compound in P. vietnamensis like other ginseng in the world. The formation of protopanaxadiol oxid II and 52 saponins have been isolated and identified in the P.
Especially, the underground parts of the ginseng (rhizome and lateral root) containing 26 known saponins and 26 new structural saponins were named vina-ginsenoside-R1-R24 and 20-O-Me-G.Rhl vina-ginsenoside-R1-R24 and 20-O- Me-G.Rh1 (Dong ef al. Dammarane saponin is the decisive active element for the valuable biological active compound of the ginseng genus. It accounted for a large amount in the saponin mixture of P. Based on the high quantity of saponin dammarane (12-15%) and saponin MR¿ (50%), P.
vietnamensis showed biological activity 48-fold higher than P. vietnamensis also contains 2 oleanolic acid saponin derivatives, compounds that were first discovered in the family Araliaceae. vietnamensis become one of the most valuable medicinal species in Vietnam (Dong ef al. Other compounds According to Dong ef al.
(2007), the rhizome and lateral root of P. vietnamensis have 7 identified polyacetylene mixtures, which is 5 mixtures that have a confirmed structure with panaxynol and heptadeca-1,8(E)-dien-4,6-diyn-3,10-diol is 2 main polyacetylene and 2 new mixture which 1s heptadeca-1,8(E),10(E)-trien-4,6-diyn-3,10- diol and 10-acetoxy-heptadeca-8(E)-en-4,6-diyn-3-ol. Fatty acid: 18 types of fatty acids (acid caprylic, acid capric, acid lauric, acid myristic, acid pentadecausic, acid palmitic, acid palmitoleic, acid heptadecausic, acid stearic, acid oleic, acid linoleic, acid linolenic and acid arachidic).