Tác động của Tự do Tài chính đến Tăng trưởng Kinh tế: Nghiên cứu Trường hợp các Quốc gia ASEAN

Chuyên khảo phân tích Globalization as it has come to be known is a process of enlargement economic and business, đánh giá các khía cạnh quan trọng, đề xuất hướng nghiên cứu tiếp

2016

95
0
0

Phí lưu trữ

35 Point

Mục lục chi tiết

LỜI CAM ĐOAN

LỜI MỞ ĐẦU

ACKNOWLEGEMENT

ABSTRACT

ABBREVIATION

1. CHƯƠNG 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Problem Statement

1.2. Research objectives

1.3. Research Question

1.4. The scope of the study

1.5. The structure of the study

2. CHƯƠNG 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Economic Growth and Growth Theory

2.2. Financial Liberalization and Economic Growth

2.3. Conceptual Framework

3. CHƯƠNG 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Measuring Financial liberalization

3.2. The IMF’s AREAER

3.3. Endogenous Problem from the relationship between Financial Liberalization and Economic Growth

3.4. Measurement of Variables

3.4.1. Log Initial GDP (lgdp90)

3.4.2. Government consumption / GDP (gconsume)

3.4.3. Secondary school enrollment (second)

3.4.4. Log life expectancy (llife)

3.5. Chapter Remarks

4. CHƯƠNG 4: RESEARCH RESULTS

4.1. Overview Economic Growth and Financial Liberalization in ASEAN

4.2. Overview the economic growth in ASEAN in the period 1990 – 2013

4.3. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Inflows into ASEAN

4.4. ASEAN Banking Sector

4.5. Capital account openness in ASEAN countries

4.6. Model Estimation Result

4.7. Result of Test for Panel Data Model

4.8. Discussion on the Research Result

5. CHƯƠNG 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1. Suggestions for Further Research

APPENDIX A: PANEL REGRESSION MODEL

APPENDIX B: RESULTS OF HAUSMAN TEST

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

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UNIVERSITY of ECONOMICS ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM HO CHI MINH City INSTITUTE of SOCIAL STUDIES VIETNAM The NETHERLANDS VIETNAM – NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS The Effects of Financial Liberalization on Economic Growth Case Study for ASEAN Countries By Using of KAOPEN Index BY NGUYEN HUNG MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY, NOV 2016 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM HO CHI MINH CITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM – NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS The Effects of Financial Liberalization on Economic Growth Case Study for ASEAN Countries By Using of KAOPEN Index A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By NGUYEN HUNG Academic Supervisor: Professor, Doctor Nguyen Trong Hoai HO CHI MINH City, November 2016 ii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com DECLARATION “This is to certify that this thesis entitled “The Effects of Financial Liberalization on Economics Growth. Case Study for ASEAN Countries by Using of KAOPEN Index”, which is submitted by me in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art in Development Economics to the Vietnam – The Netherlands Programme (VNP). The thesis constitutes only my original work and due supervision and acknowledgement have been made in the text to all materials used.” Nguyen Hung iii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ACKNOWLEGEMENT This thesis has been completed with a great deal of supports and encouragements that I have been receiving from many people. To whom I am indebted. I owe a debt of gratitude to Professor Nguyen Trong Hoai, my academic super visor, for his invaluable instructions and guidance during my work. He has been stimulating my critical thinking skills and guiding me to rethink and to deconstruct my thesis topic. Hence, his expertise has helped me very much to compile necessary skills in thinking, writing, and fulfilling this thesis. Moreover, he took time to diligently review my final thesis draft and help to correct the errors and the wrong words usages. Furthermore, I would like to thank Dr. Truong Dang Thuy for his enthusiasm of keeping me in schedule of thesis writing. I would like also to thank Dr. Pham Khanh Nam and Dr. Le Van Chon for their helping in developing concept note, thesis research design, and searching data. I must show my gratitude toward all lecturers VNP who have broadened my perspectives and encouraged me to fulfill my knowledge as this program requirements. Then, I want to say thanks to VNP officers as well as VNP librarian for their support of good conditions and study materials during the study period. Next, I wish to express my thank you to all my friends here at VNP. Together we have walked and struggled through this whole treasured journey of learning and shared memorable and priceless moments. Last but not least, I am very deeply grateful to my family that is an indispensable element to constitute my achievement. iv LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABSTRACT This study aims to verify the association between financial liberalization and economic growth in ASEAN countries, by using the annual panel data set from 1990 to 2013 at the country level. The regression model is base on the form of growth model and similarly with Bekaert et al. (2005) model, in which the Chinn- Ito index (KAOPEN) serves as proxy for financial liberalization. (KAOPEN) is frequently used in recent researches, since it is updated annually, available in Internet, and cover about 180 countries in the world. The Fixed effect model (FEM) and random effect model (REM) techniques are used to estimate the effect of financial liberalization on economic growth. The result of the regression provides the evidence that financial liberalization have positive effects on economic growth in ASEAN countries, including Viet Nam. However, the significant level is not strong in (REM) model, but strong significant in (FEM). This result is also illustrated by the recently integration process of ASEAN. The experiment of ASEAN shows that as one form of financial liberalization, FDI have not only brought foreign capital inflows but also the collateral benefit to the host countries. Key Words: Financial Liberalization, economic growth, ASEAN, relationship, association, total factor of production (TFP), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). v LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ABBREVIATION AEC ASEAN Economic Community APEC The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation AREAER Annual Report on Exchange Arrangement and Exchange Restrictions ASEAN the Association of Southeast Asian Nations EU European Union FEM Fixed Effect Model IMF International Monetary Fund GDP Gross Domestic Product GNP Gross National Product OECD the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development REM Random Effect Model WTO the World Trade Organization vi LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………………………………………… viii LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF FIGURES . xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .4 The scope of study . 5 CHAPTER 2: LTERATURE REVIEW . Economic Growth and Growth Theory:. Financial Liberalization and Economic Growth………………………………………………… 13 2. 23 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY . Measuring Financial liberalization . The IMF’s AREAER . Endogenous Problem from the relationship between Financial Liberalization and Economic Growth ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. Measurement of Variables …………………………………………………………………………………. Log Initial GDP (lgdp90) …………………………………………………………………………………. Government consumption / GDP (gconsume) ………………………………………………. Secondary school enrollment (second) …………………………………………………………. Log life expectancy (llife) ………………………………………………………………………………. 42 vii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail. Chapter Remarks ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 45 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH RESULTS .1 Overview Economic Growth and Financial Liberalization in ASEAN………………………… 46 4. Overview the economic growth in ASEAN in the period 1990 – 2013…………………. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Inflows into ASEAN…………………………………………… 48 4. ASEAN Banking Sector………………………………………………………………………………………… 51 4. Capital account openness in ASEAN countries. Model Estimation Result. Result of Test for Panel Data Model. Discussion on the Research Result. …………………………………………………………………… 67 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION . Suggestions for Further Research. 79 APPENDIX A: PANEL REGRESSION MODEL . 83 APPENDIX B: RESULTS OF HAUSMAN TEST . 85 viii LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: The role of financial Liberalization in economic growth ……….1: The expected sign of variables in model ……………………….1: Summary statistics of Variables used in the regressions ……….2: The Correlation on the sample observations …………………….3: The results of Hausman Test …………………………………….4: The Result of Regression ……………………………………… 66 End. ix LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1: The average of real GDP growth …………………………………… 47 Figure 4.2: Emerging Asia - FDI inflow, 2000-2013 …………………………… 48 Figure 4.3: FDI in ASEAN-4, Singapore and Viet Nam (value in US$ million) .4: FDI in VIETNAM …………………………………………………… 50 Figure 4.5 Domestic credit to private sector by banks (% of GDP)……………….6 Financial liberalization in ASEAN-4, Singapore and Viet Nam …….7 Financial liberalization in some Asia countries and Viet Nam……….8: The scatter diagram for economic growth rate and financial Liberalization………………………………………………………….9: The scatter diagram among dependent variable and financial liberalization variable for each ASEAN country …………………….10: The scatter diagram among dependent variable and control variables 62 End. x LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem Statement Recent years have emerged the concern in the issue about globalization, which included international economic integration and financial globalization in across countries, has scholarly instigated by many descriptions and analyses of researchers. According to Mckinnon (1973) and Shaw (1973), asserted that the important roles of financial are essential for technological innovation and economic development. As strong evidences in most research, there is without doubt in this saying. However, the study of financial liberalization growth nexus has received opposite opinions, while the tendency toward the world economic integration requires local market openness including financial market, and some adjustments in financial rules, thus providing the going debate about whether positive or negative effect of financial liberalization on economic growth. According to Sachs and Warner (1995), Rodrik (2000) technology and economic institutions have rapidly developed to reach the achievement of advance, the distances between countries become narrower. This will encourages more international trade and investment to reduce costs for both consumers and producers, and this stronger requirement to expend trade will in turn enhance the process of international economic integration. The common example for international economic integration is the World Trade Organization (WTO), which was established by agreement of more than 120 economies. Similarly, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) now involves nearly universal membership, with member countries promise to comply with the basic principles of currency convertibility. Recently, going along with the large GDP and the high value of international trade, China’s currency which named Chinese renminbi (RMB) have met the criteria for Special Drawing Right (SDR) basket as the decided of IMF’s Executive board in November 2015, and RMB will become the convertible currency. On October 1, 2016 RMB would join the SDR basket, together with the four other global currencies of trade. In the SDR basket will be including U. 1 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.93 percent, Chinese renminbi;10.92 percent, Japanese yen: 8.33 percent, Pound sterling: 8. The first advantage of freely convertible RMB is that it is very inexpensive to buy and sell, so that could be reduce the spread cost (the different price in buy and sell) of bank. At smaller scale, there are varying levels of economic integration, including preferential between member countries, the integration between countries in the same continent, region such as in the Europe have established the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Union (EU), and the development of this is Euro zone. In the Asia there are the institutions that can be counted as The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The new one, ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) has established in the December 2015, that including Viet Nam and other ASEAN member countries. (AEC) is the pledged of member countries to realize the principles of an Economic Community which bases on the idea of the European Union’s model. The foundation of AEC is based on the four basic elements which are named as: single market and production base, competitive economic region, equitable economic development, ASEAN’s integration into the globalized economic. The aim of this is to turn ASEAN market into the unified market in which free of producing products, free trade of goods and service everywhere in the region of ASEAN. It also gives prominence to the competition in production and export activities over the region and within a country. To ensuring the development equity, requiring people and firms should be engaged into the process of AEC. The last element emphasizes the need that ASEAN must integrate into as a part of the world economic. This is the advantage, because of the good position of ASEAN in the middle of global supply chain, trade could be developed connect with other major economics in the world and could be lead to more new business opportunities. From the above element, AEC gives the core principles of the ASEAN single market and production base are free flow of goods, services, investment, capital, and skilled labor. As demand in promoting trade, ASEAN has 2 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com obtained its target in the trade duties reduction. Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore have reduced tariff to 0 %, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Viet Nam also reduce tariff to 0-5%. Moreover, to encouraging investment, the investment environment has built in a principle that ensuring the liberalization and protection investment of cross border countries. In which, apply the best practices for treatment of foreign investors and investment. In addition, implementing the free flow of capital, stock exchanges from member are working together to first step establishing the ASEAN Exchanges. This is the aim of promoting ASEAN capital markets and creating more investment opportunities in the region. However, the process of integration requires Viet Nam and many other countries opening the local markets, including domestic financial markets.

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